Analyst最新文献

{"title":"The impact of common redox mediators on cellular health: a comprehensive study†","authors":"Samuel P. Nortz, Vanshika Gupta and Jeffrey E. Dick","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00017C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00017C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrochemistry has become a key technique for studying biomolecular reactions and dynamics of living systems by using electron-transfer reactions to probe the complex interactions between biological redox molecules and their surrounding environments. To enable such measurements, redox mediators such as ferro/ferricyanide, ferrocene methanol, and tris(bipyridine) ruthenium(<small>II</small>) chloride are used. However, the impact of these exogeneous redox mediators on the health of cell cultures remains underexplored. Herein, we present the effects of three common redox mediators on the health of four of the most commonly used cell lines (Panc1, HeLa, U2OS, and MDA-MB-231) in biological studies. Cell health was assessed using three independent parameters: reactive oxygen species quantification by fluorescence flow cytometry, cell migration through scratch assays, and cell growth <em>via</em> luminescence assays. We show that as the concentration of mediator exceeds 1 mM, ROS increases in all cell types while cell viability plumets. In contrast, cell migration was only hindered at the highest concentration of each mediator. Our observations highlight the crucial role that optimized mediator concentrations play in ensuring accuracy when studying biological systems by electrochemical methods. As such, these findings provide a critical reference for selecting redox mediator concentrations for bioanalytical studies on live cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 9","pages":" 1795-1806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/an/d5an00017c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasensitive determination of exosomes by tyramine-assisted colorimetric sensors for tumor diagnosis","authors":"Xiaoming Kong, Chao Li, Yang Li, Xueqian Song and Lin Huang","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00013K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00013K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Exosomes, which are recognized as a kind of valuable liquid biopsy biomarker, exhibit significant application potential in cancer diagnosis. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a reliable detection method for their clinical application. In this study, we have presented an ultrasensitive aptasensor for the visual detection of exosomes by employing tyramine-assisted dual-signal amplification technology. First, we utilized magnetic beads modified with the nucleolin aptamer (MNPs-Apt<small>_nucleolin</small>) to capture exosomes. This modification not only enhanced specificity, but also reduced interference of complex sample components. The captured exosomes as a rich source of proteins can bind with multiple biotinyl-tyramide (Bio-TR) molecules through a catalytic reaction involving horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>. Second, streptavidin-HRP complex-modified gold nanoparticles (GNPs-Str-HRP) as a signal amplification probe was introduced to further enhance the detection signal by binding to Bio-TR. Lastly, the addition of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) solution induced a visible color change, enabling quantification of the exosome concentration. This dual-signal amplification strategy resulted in a low limit of detection (LOD) of 63 particles per μL, and it also demonstrated accurate visual diagnosis capabilities for clinical samples. The successful implementation of this approach suggests its potential as a promising tool for point-of-care testing (POCT) in cancer diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 8","pages":" 1670-1678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the purity of model glycoconjugate vaccines by low field NMR†","authors":"Victoria Leadley, David Egan, Kelly Sackett and Simon B. Duckett","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01503G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01503G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Glycoconjugate vaccines are of growing importance to modern healthcare where they provide an opportunity for high efficacy prophylactic treatment against a growing number of infectious bacterial diseases. Unfortunately, their preparation is highly complex and involves multiple stages of analysis prior to product release. Such analyses must quantify the degree of successful conjugation and the amount of relevant co-expressed and co-purified process impurities (<em>i.e.</em> cell-wall polysaccharide). Whilst nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used for these assessments, the cost of high field systems is significant and hence there is a need to evaluate the performance of low-cost benchtop apparatus. Here, we set a goal of achieving a satisfactory analysis within 20 min on a series of model glycoconjugates and sought to use hyperpolarization methods based on signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) to enable higher sample throughput. Our analyses demonstrate that a 1 Tesla (T) benchtop NMR can achieve satisfactory dextran-conjugation analysis results without the need for hyperpolarization, although SABRE hyperpolarization offers a route to improvement. The assessment of the common impurity cell-wall polysaccharide proved more challenging, and its hyperpolarization failed due to the necessary solvent system. At high field satisfactory analyses were possible at 10 wt%, 5 wt%, 1 wt% and 0.5 wt% loadings where the resulting signals are distinguishable. However, at 1 T signal overlap precluded simple signal integration and a <em>T</em><small>₁</small> filter was implemented. This allowed the overlapping signal contributions to be differentiated and made quantification possible for the 10 wt% sample where signal to noise ratios remained high.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 8","pages":" 1642-1651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/an/d4an01503g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in optical sensors for microcystin-LR: from recognition elements to signal transduction†","authors":"Heng Dai, Jun Liu, Shanlin Wang, Bin Wang, Tianhan Kai, Pian Wu and Ping Ding","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01576B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01576B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR), stands out as the most lethal and broadly occurring variant of microcystins, which are harmful substances generated by cyanobacteria during periods of excessive nutrient enrichment in water bodies. Even at low levels, MC-LR can cause acute or chronic hepatic injury, leading to inflammation and potentially promoting tumorigenesis, thereby imposing a significant burden on human health. Vigilant surveillance of MC-LR is vital for safeguarding both the well-being of the public and environmental security. Optical sensors are particularly advantageous for the detection of MC-LR, owing to their exceptional sensitivity and ease of use. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current advancements and emerging trends in optical sensors for MC-LR detection, focusing on two primary aspects: recognition elements and optical signal transduction. Recognition elements, including enzymes, antibodies, molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs), and aptamers, are summarized along with their characteristics. The review also thoroughly discusses optical signal transduction and its performance, specifically addressing colorimetry, fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and other signal transduction methods. Additionally, the review provides a summary of the achievements and challenges of current optical sensors, as well as future application prospects for MC-LR optical sensors. This systematic review aims to facilitate the further development of optical sensors for detecting microcystins.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 8","pages":" 1470-1489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143590313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin – a natural colorant-based pH indicator for molecular diagnostics†","authors":"Rajamanickam Sivakumar, Nahyung Lim, Seung Kyun Park and Nae Yoon Lee","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01570C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01570C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) provides highly selective and sensitive DNA amplification and generates hydrogen ions as a byproduct under weakly buffered conditions, causing the solutions’ pH to decrease from the initial basic to an acidic environment. This distinctive feature allows the color of the amplified DNA solution to change readily when suitable pH indicators are employed. In this study, curcumin, a biodegradable, non-toxic, and natural colorant, was used as a pH indicator to visually identify LAMP-amplified <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) and <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> (<em>S. pneumoniae</em>). Curcumin (10 mM) displayed a unique color difference between negative (red) and positive (yellow) samples, and the detection process was completed within 30 s, demonstrating the effectiveness of using curcumin for on-site diagnostics. Under optimum conditions, curcumin enabled <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>S. pneumoniae</em> detection as low as 10 fg μL<small>⁻¹</small> and 1 pg μL<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively, due to its unique halochromic properties. Owing to its adaptability, ease of use, and rapid visual detection, the introduced colorimetric pH-based LAMP method can be employed as a practical alternative to conventional colorimetry for infectious pathogen identification in both laboratory and field settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 8","pages":" 1632-1641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143590203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and reliable POCT blood typing based on a laser identified RBC agglutination method†","authors":"Bing Xu, Yange Huang, Shuqiang Min, Xianchang Wu, Tonghuan Zhan, Jiahao Liu, Fuzhou Niu and Hui Niu","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01504E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01504E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Blood typing is a critical element of medical diagnostics and health assessment. Nevertheless, prevailing point-of-care testing (POCT) assays, including the slide method, tube method, column agglutination method, and gel test method, often necessitate costly equipment such as centrifuges, cumbersome procedures, and skilled personnel for operation. Furthermore, the testing time is relatively long (∼30 min), which is not applicable in emergency cases/point-of-care testing. Thus, a low-cost, simple, low blood consumption and rapid blood typing method is urgently required, especially in resource limited areas for point-of-care applications. Herein, we present a novel method of laser-based identification of red blood cell (RBC) agglutination for accurate and reliable blood typing. Specifically, the RBC agglutination reaction (a bio-signal) is initially converted into a laser signal. Subsequently, a photoresistor converts the laser signal into an electrical signal (with high or low resistance). Finally, the electrical signal is converted into an optical signal through a detection circuit (if the resistance is lower than 600 Ω, the LED light is on; otherwise, the LED light is off). By merely interpreting the light signals, even non-professionals can precisely determine the blood types without the risk of misinterpretation. This laser-based blood typing method can effectively avoid human errors caused by naked-eye observations or environmental interference and can provide new insights for developing accurate and reliable hemagglutination identification methods for point-of-care blood typing.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 9","pages":" 1862-1871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-trigger entropy driven circuit based on competitive hybridization for highly specific enzyme-free detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms†","authors":"Sisi Bu, Fang Yang, Tuo Huang, Qianglong Tan, Siyu Yu, Shufen Xiao, Ye Hu, Wenlin Xie, Zhihua Zhou, Yulan Tian and Jian Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00011D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00011D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a pivotal role in the detection of major diseases and the breeding of molecular designs. However, current SNP detection methods often rely heavily on expensive proteases, or alternatively, enzyme-free detection methods grapple with limited specificity. Addressing this issue, our study presents an enzyme-free, highly specific, simple, and efficient detection platform. First, we introduced additional base mismatches into the traditional entropy-driven circuit (EDC) reaction to establish a foundational distinction between mutant (MT) and wild-type (WT) sequences. On this basis, we introduced the concept of competitive hybridization and developed a dual-trigger EDC (DEDC) reaction platform, which responded to both wild-type targets (WT) and mutant targets (MT). By strategically leveraging the signals from both WT and MT, we constructed a ratiometric signal output mode, substantially enhancing the discrimination factor between WT and MT and maximizing the specificity of the detection system. Within the DEDC reaction system, the sole driving force is the increase in the system's entropy, with no enzymes involved throughout the entire process, thereby achieving simple and efficient specific detection of SNPs. Notably, MT, previously considered an interference in assays, is repurposed as a trigger signal, making DEDC particularly suitable for the identification of heterozygous samples with low mutational abundances. By analyzing the performance of this platform and using it for genotyping detection of soybean real genome samples, the practical application potential of the CTMSD platform was verified. The CTMSD platform based on EDC reactions has the potential to become a universal biosensing paradigm for future biochemical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 9","pages":" 1837-1845"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143590104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasensitive detection of carcinogenic chromium(vi) species below the WHO limit using a LaCeO3/carbon black screen printed electrode in batch injection analysis†","authors":"Senthurvelan Saranya, Yesudas K. Yashly, R. G. Stacey Sibiya, Gopal Buvaneswari and Annamalai Senthil Kumar","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00038F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00038F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The widespread industrial use of chromium and its subsequent release into the environment as toxic and carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(<small>VI</small>)) species pose significant risks to human health and the environment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a limit of 50 ppb (960 nM) for Cr(<small>VI</small>) in water samples. Developing simple, selective, and separation-free methods for the direct detection of Cr(<small>VI</small>) species in the environment remains a challenging task. Herein, we present a highly crystalline lanthanum cerate/carbon black chemically modified screen-printed electrode (SPE/CB@LaCeO<small>₃</small>) as an effective electrochemical system for the high-performance and selective electrochemical reduction of toxic Cr(<small>VI</small>) species in pH 2 KCl–HCl solution. The CB@LaCeO<small>₃</small> composite is characterized by its high-density electroactive sites and enhanced electrical conductivity, which facilitate the efficient diffusion-controlled reduction of Cr(<small>VI</small>) species at a low reduction potential of 0.55 V <em>vs.</em> Ag/AgCl. The modified electrode demonstrated stability and resistance to surface fouling during continuous voltammetry analysis of high Cr(<small>VI</small>) concentrations. A batch-injection analysis using a three-in-one screen-printed electrode, comprising carbon working, silver-ink reference, and CB@LaCeO<small>₃</small> modified carbon working electrodes, exhibited excellent concentration linearity within the ranges of 2–30 ppb and 10–35 ppm, with a low detection limit of 682 ppt (signal-to-noise ratio, 3). This method was not interfered by dissolved oxygen or other common chemicals present in environmental and water systems. The linear range and detection limit achieved in this study surpass those reported in several previous works involving precious metal and organic molecule-based chemically modified electrodes. The analytical method was validated with <em>t</em>-test analysis. To demonstrate the applicability of this new system, batch injection analysis was performed on a wide range of real samples, including water (tap, ground, well, and reverse osmosis), consumable products (coffee, tea and milk powders), and tannery effluent, using the standard addition method. This approach yielded accurate and sensitive detection of Cr(<small>VI</small>) species in the samples, with recovery values of approximately 100%.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 9","pages":" 1754-1767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143590242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SR-based μXRD–μXRF 2D mapping to study Mg-rich historical frescoes subjected to inorganic conservation treatments","authors":"Elena Possenti, Costanza Miliani, Marine Cotte, Marco Realini and Chiara Colombo","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01548G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01548G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This paper proposes the novel application of synchrotron radiation (SR) micro X-ray diffraction (μXRD) and micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) mapping to explore the interaction of inorganic-mineral conservation treatments (ammonium oxalate, AmOx) with the decayed, magnesium-containing, layered carbonatic matrix of Cultural Heritage (CH) fresco paintings. The high quality of SR μXRD–μXRF datasets was qualitatively and semi-quantitatively investigated and the complex mixture and stratigraphy of both Ca- and Mg-oxalate phases formed within an Italian fresco painting (XV century) – displaying a high degree of compositional and microstructural heterogeneity – were 2D localised at the microscale. The comparison of the different phase maps and elemental maps showed how the phase composition of reaction products varies as a function of the (i) Mg-rich or Ca-rich carbonatic regions of the fresco, (ii) Ca<small>²⁺</small> availability, and (iii) microstructure and state of conservation of the fresco. Moreover, the crystallisation of the new phases within single layers and between contiguous ones of the fresco painting was highlighted, demonstrating the synergic protective, passivating, and consolidating action of AmOx treatment across the fresco stratigraphy. Above all, this study proves the high potential of SR μXRD–μXRF mapping in the conservation of stone materials and opens new analytical perspectives in heritage science and materials science for the advanced and non-destructive elemental and structural investigations of heterogeneous, layered, multiphase micrometric systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 8","pages":" 1590-1604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/an/d4an01548g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full fingerprint hyperspectral imaging of prostate cancer tissue microarrays within clinical timeframes using quantum cascade laser microscopy†","authors":"Dougal Ferguson, Niels Kroeger-Lui, Domenic Dreisbach, Claire A. Hart, Diego F. Sanchez, Pedro Oliveira, Mick Brown, Noel Clarke, Ashwin Sachdeva and Peter Gardner","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00046G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00046G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >One of the major limitations for clinical applications of infrared spectroscopic imaging modalities is the acquisition time required to obtain reasonable images of tissues with high spatial resolution and good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The time to acquire a reasonable signal to noise spectroscopic scan of a standard microscope slide region of tissue can take many hours. As a trade-off, systems can allow for discrete wavenumber acquisitions, sacrificing potentially vital chemical bands in order to reach specific acquisition targets. Recent instrumentation developments now allow for the full fingerprint imaging of entire microscope slides in under 30 minutes, enabling rapid, high quality spectroscopic imaging of tissues within clinical timeframes without sacrificing frequency bands. Here we compare the data from a novel QCL microscope to an FTIR microscope covering multiple aspects of spectroscopic imaging of a large, clinically relevant, prostate cancer tissue cohort (<em>N</em> = 1281). Comparisons of hyperspectral data acquisition quality in both achieved signal to noise and image contrast alongside the capacity for unsupervised and supervised modelling of tissue constituents are reported. We conclude that it is now possible to collect full fingerprint spectra and derive clinically relevant data in a timeframe suitable for translation into the pathology laboratory without the need to resort to discrete frequency imaging with subsequent loss of information.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 9","pages":" 1741-1753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/an/d5an00046g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}