Analyst最新文献

{"title":"A low-cost, high-sensitivity 3D printed fluorescence detector","authors":"Robyn A Snow, Paul Steven Simone Jr., Gary Emmert, Michael A Brown","doi":"10.1039/d4an01378f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4an01378f","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescence methods have distinct advantages over traditional absorbance methods including greater sensitivity, improved detection limits, and selectivity. Unfortunately, the cost of typical, commercially available fluorescence detectors is beyond what some industrial and research labs can afford or maintain. Having a relatively low-cost, simple to use, and high-sensitivity fluorescence detector would be very beneficial. The aim of this research is to develop a 3D printed flow through fluorescence detector that does not require complex optics or an expensive excitation source and has comparable performance to a commercial detector. The detector presented here was designed to work with nicotinamide-based methods developed in previous research; however, by simply changing the excitation and emission filters this detector can be adapted to other applications. Several evaluation studies were performed where the relative signal-to-noise ratio, detection limits, accuracy, and precision results for the 3D printed detector were compared to those of a commercial detector using nicotinamide as the analyte. Overall, the detector performed comparably or better than a commercial detector for these metrics.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"76 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An electrochemical biosensor utilizing CRISPR/Cas12a amplification for the detection of E. coli†","authors":"Chenyan Li, Yilan Liang and Qincong Feng","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01441C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01441C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrochemical biosensors are frequently employed to identify harmful microbes and disease indicators. However, their practical applicability is constrained by poor signal amplification efficiency and immobilization processes on the probe surface. To get over these restrictions, we here integrated roll-cycling amplification (RCA) and CRISPR/Cas12a gene editing tools with electrochemical biosensors. We constructed an electrochemical biosensor based on RCA to activate the cleavage activity of Cas12a. First, by double-stranded nucleic acid aptamer (ds Apt) specifically binding to <em>E. coli-2571</em>, Apt-b was competitively isolated to bind to T4 ligase and produce circular DNA. This in turn activates RCA, which in turn activates the accessory cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a, which in turn cleaves DNA sequences loaded onto the electrode, changing electrochemical signals. With a linear range of 1 × 10<small>²</small>–1 × 10<small>⁷</small> CFU mL<small>⁻¹</small>, a detection limit of 5.28 CFU mL<small>⁻¹</small>, and experimental recoveries of 93.01–101.53%, the measured electrochemical signals were positively connected with the concentration of <em>E. coli-2571</em> under the optimal experimental conditions. Therefore, by combining two approaches—RCA and CRISPR/Cas12a—our electrochemical biosensor was able to detect <em>E. coli-2571</em> specifically and sensitively, providing new research opportunities for the detection of other harmful bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 6","pages":" 1158-1166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive view of the molecular features within the serum and serum EV of Alzheimer's disease†","authors":"Jiayi Zhang, Xiaoqin Cheng, Anqi Hu, Xin Zhang, Meng Zhang, Lei Zhang, Jiawei Dai, Guoquan Yan, Huali Shen and Guoqiang Fei","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01018C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01018C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Conventional Alzheimer's disease research mainly focuses on cerebrospinal fluid, which requires an invasive sampling procedure. This method carries inherent risks for patients and could potentially lower patient compliance. EVs (Extracellular Vesicles) and blood are two emerging noninvasive mediators reflecting the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease. Integrating the two serum proteomic information based on DIA (Data Independent Acquisition) is conducive to the comparison of serological research strategies, mining pathological information of AD, and evaluating the potential of EVs and blood in the diagnosis of AD. We generated a combined proteomic data resource of 39 serum samples derived from patients with AD and from age-matched controls (AMC) and identified 639 PGs (protein groups) in serum samples and 714 PGs in serum EV samples. The differentially expressed protein groups identified in both serum and serum EV provide a reflective profile of the pathological characteristics associated with AD. The combined strategy performed well, identifying 40 potential diagnostic markers with AUC values above 0.85, including two molecular diagnostic models that achieved an effectiveness score of 0.991.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 5","pages":" 922-935"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of the Ag/ZIF-67 cage@MXene 3D heterogeneous structure for ultrahigh SERS sensitivity and stability†","authors":"Yunpeng Shao, Wenlong Deng, Yue Niu, Zicheng Zhang, Jiwei Song, Yuan Yao and Linyu Mei","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01493F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01493F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >There is an urgent need in the <em>in situ</em> field for rapid extraction and analysis of target molecules from irregular surfaces. The application of SERS technology is often limited by low adhesion between precious metal nanoparticles and the substrate and complex fabrication processes. In order to solve this problem, a carbon fiber cloth (CFC) loaded Ag/ZIF-67 cage@MXene 3D detection platform (AZMC) was constructed in this study. The platform takes advantage of the large surface area and defects of MXene flakes to host noble metals, the high carrier transport efficiency between flakes, and van der Waals forces to build highly sensitive and stable composite SERS substrates. The hydrophilicity and subsurface oxidation behavior of MXene make its optoelectronic performance unstable. In this study, the ZIF-67 cage was chemically bonded to MXene through the Co–O–Ti bond, and the ZIF 67@MXene heterojunction was successfully constructed to maintain the optimal photoelectric stability and excellence of MXene. The high performance of the substrate stems from the synergistic effects of charge transfer (CT) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs and MXene flakes, while the 3D nanocage structure provides additional hotspot regions. Substrate sensitivity was analyzed using rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a probe molecule (detection limit as low as 10<small>⁻¹¹</small> M). Notably, the AZMC substrate is highly stable (SERS performance remains essentially unchanged after 45 days of exposure to air). Using this substrate, we also successfully analyzed methylene blue (MB) molecules and Sudan I molecules on apple epidermis, which were successfully detected at concentrations of 0.5 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> and 1 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 6","pages":" 1131-1139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A non-enzymatic highly stable electrochemical sensing platform based on allylamine capped copper nanoparticles for the detection of the soil nitrate content†","authors":"Bimalendu Mukherjee, Mukti Mandal, Raghavv Raghavender Suresh, Shantanu Kar, Binaya Kumar Parida, Somsubhra Chakraborty and Gorachand Dutta","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01345J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01345J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitrate (NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>) ion contamination of water is a major issue that affects many parts of the world due to excessive usage of nitrogen containing fertilizers in the soil. Hence, quantification of NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> ions in the soil is of utmost importance. In the present research work, we have developed an efficient and highly stable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> ion detection based on allylamine capped copper nanoparticles (Alym@CuNPs) decorated on exfoliated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Exf-CNTs). Herein, we have addressed the sensor surface storage stability issue of copper nanoparticle based electrochemical sensors for the first time and confirmed the superior storage stability of the Alym@CuNPs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) over uncapped copper nanoparticles (uCuNPs) and electrodeposited copper nanoparticles (eCuNPs) modified GCEs. In comparison to the bare GCE, Exf-CNT/GCE and Alym@CuNPs/Exf-CNT/GCE, the proposed Alym@CuNPs-Nafion (NF)/Exf-CNT/GCE demonstrated enhanced catalytic activity towards the electro-reduction of NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> ions (pH = 2) under optimal experimental conditions, with a considerable increase in cathodic peak currents. Along with that, no inert gas was purged into the electrolyte medium prior to the detection of NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> ions which makes the sensor more reliable under real environmental conditions. The sensor displayed broad linear ranges from 10 to 1000 μM (<em>R</em><small>²</small> = 0.997), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.28 μM (<em>n</em> = 3) for NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> ion detection. The sensor surface shows excellent storage stability even up to 45 days with 97.8% retention in current value which is much higher compared to the previously reported works. Additionally, the sensor surface shows promising reproducibility and repeatability results with RSD values of 1.78% and 0.91%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor is successfully utilized to detect NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> ions in real soil samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 5","pages":" 936-952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time detection of organophosphorus pesticides in water using an unmanned boat-borne Raman spectrometer†","authors":"Chen Zhang, Jiahui Zhu, Wenqi Ye, Xiaohong Liu, Ruishuang Zhuo, Chi Wang, Hong Liu and Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01587H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01587H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) have been widely used in agricultural production. However, their potential harm to human health and the environment cannot be ignored. On-site detection of OPs in water is valuable for pollution source tracing and early warning of environmental pollution. We design an unmanned boat detection system equipped with a Raman spectrometer, which can achieve automated sampling and real-time detection of OPs in water. The unmanned boat detection system integrates automatic sampling, chemical reaction, spectral detection, and signal transmission modules. This method can specifically detect OPs in water by utilizing the inhibition effect of OPs on acetylcholinesterase activity. The minimum detection concentration is 700 nM for parathion-methyl. This method shows good anti-interference ability for other kinds of pesticides, demonstrating its applicability for rapid detection of OPs under complex water environmental conditions. Our strategy provides an efficient solution for real-time and flexible monitoring of OPs in water environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 6","pages":" 1122-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid assessment of the gate function and membrane properties of connexin-embedded giant plasma membrane vesicles in a microwell array†","authors":"Ryu Eguchi, Yushi Isozaki, Masato Suzuki and Tomoyuki Yasukawa","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00036J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00036J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) incorporating connexin proteins, referred to as connectosomes, serve as promising tools for studying cell membrane properties and intercellular communication. This study aimed to evaluate the membrane capacitance of connectosomes derived from HeLa cells and establish a method for assessing the gate function of connexin hemichannels. We investigated the behavior of dielectrophoresis (DEP) manipulation of connectosomes and HeLa cells by using microwell array electrodes. The frequency dependence of DEP force for connectosomes and HeLa cells suggested a low membrane capacitance of the connectosomes compared to that of HeLa cells. Positive DEP (p-DEP) was used to trap the connectosomes in the microwell array, where a relatively strong electric field was formed. This approach facilitated monitoring of the fluorescence intensity of individual connectosomes immediately after the solutions were exchanged, enhancing our ability to assess the release dynamics of fluorescent molecules and the hemichannel's open/closed states. The results confirmed that connexin hemichannels were regulated by the exterior concentration of Ca<small>²⁺</small>, allowing selective control over drug storage and release. The method developed in this study elucidates the functional properties of connectosomes and would provide a valuable platform for future applications in targeted drug delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 5","pages":" 975-981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass spectrometry-based mRNA sequence mapping via complementary RNase digests and bespoke visualisation tools†","authors":"Emma N. Welbourne, Royce J. Copley, Gareth R. Owen, Caroline A. Evans, Kesler Isoko, Ken Cook, Joan Cordiner, Zoltán Kis, Peyman Z. Moghadam and Mark J. Dickman","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00033E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00033E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >mRNA technology has significantly changed the timeline for developing and delivering a new vaccine from years to months, as demonstrated by the development and approval of two highly efficacious vaccines based on mRNA sequences encoding for a modified version of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Analytical methods are required to characterise mRNA therapeutics and underpin manufacturing development. In this study, we have developed and utilised partial RNase digests of mRNA using RNase T1 and RNase U2 in conjunction with an automated, high throughput workflow for the rapid characterisation and direct sequence mapping of mRNA therapeutics. In conjunction with this, we have developed novel software engineered to optimise and streamline the visualisation and analysis of sequence mapping of mRNA using LC-MS/MS. We show that increased mRNA sequence coverage is obtained by combining multiple partial RNase T1 digests-44% and 37% individually, 64% together-or RNase T1 and U2 partial digests-73% and 52% individually, 88% combined. The developed software automates the process of combining digests, ensuring faster and more accurate analysis. Furthermore, the software provides additional information on sequence coverage by taking into account multiple overlapping oligoribonucleotide fragments to increase the confidence of the sequence mapping. Finally, the software enables powerful and accessible visualisation capabilities by generating spiral plots to quickly analyse the sequence maps in a single output from combined multiple partial RNase digests.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 5","pages":" 1012-1021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/an/d5an00033e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iridium(iii) complex functionalized ZIF-8 as a novel POD-like nanozyme for visual assay of triazine pesticides†","authors":"Fangming Zhu, Yibo Zhao, Chenji Dai, Yaoyao Xu and Yuyang Zhou","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01467G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01467G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the unique advantages of mimicking natural enzymes, nanozymes have received ever-growing interest in a wide range of fields including analytical chemistry in the past two decades. Exploring novel kinds of nanozymes with efficient active sites has always been one of the most important and hot topics in nanozyme-related research so far, especially in portable monitors. Herein, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) incorporated with an organometallic iridium(<small>III</small>) complex as a new active site denoted as Irppy-ZIF-8 obtained <em>via</em> a one-pot coordination reaction between the iridium solvent complex and 2-methylimidazole is reported as an efficient peroxidase (POD)-like nanozyme. Importantly, due to the specific inhibition effects of triazine pesticides on the POD-like activities of this novel nanozyme, a portable acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-free colorimetric sensor <em>via</em> a smartphone apart from a UV-vis spectrometer to detect triazine pesticides in real vegetable sample analysis is further successfully proposed in this work. It should be noted that this work could not only open up a new avenue to explore novel kinds of nanozymes from organometallic complexes as active sites, but also promote the progress in emerging applications of nanozymes in visual and portable sensors in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 5","pages":" 953-961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating an entropy-driven DNA circuit with a tetrahedral scaffold as a generic in situ electrochemical biosensor for amplified detection of microRNAs†","authors":"Xuyao Wang, Junlan Zhu, Peng Shu, Jiajing Wang, Maowen Huang, Hengchao Chen and Haifen Ma","doi":"10.1039/D4AN01528B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4AN01528B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Detection of carcinogenesis-related miRNAs presents significant challenges due to their low abundance and high specificity, necessitating highly sensitive and reliable analytical methods. Herein, we propose a generic <em>in situ</em> electrochemical biosensor for the sensitive and effective detection of miRNAs by rationally integrating an entropy-driven DNA circuit (EDC) with a tetrahedral scaffold. The key advancement of this work is the implementation of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) as both a scaffold and substrate for the EDC directly on the electrode surface. TDNs, which are readily decorated with ordered orientation and well-controlled spacing, enhance hybridization efficiency and facilitate essential structural interactions within the EDC, achieving a performance comparable to that of homogeneous liquid-phase reactions. Identifying a target miRNA is achieved with complementary probes that trigger a cascade of structural rearrangements leading to the immobilization of numerous biotin-labeled signal strands on the electrode surface. This accumulation of biotinylated strands ensures that the initial interfacial hybridization event is subsequently amplified and translated into electrochemical signals <em>via</em> cascaded signal amplification. The resulting electrochemical signals are directly proportional to the concentration of the target miRNA, offering a highly sensitive detection platform with a detection limit as low as 74 aM and a dynamic range spanning from 100 aM to 100 pM. The biosensor's performance is validated using biological samples derived from B[<em>a</em>]PDE-exposed cells, where significantly elevated miR-96 levels are detected, consistent with qRT-PCR results. This demonstrates the potential of the proposed biosensor for early cancer diagnosis and monitoring of cancer-related miRNA biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 5","pages":" 982-988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}