Analyst最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances in field effect transistor biosensors for drug screening applications","authors":"Lemeng Chao, Ying Liang and Xiao Hu","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00206K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00206K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Clinical drug screening is a critical component in disease treatment and in elucidating the impact of drug monitoring on cellular-level biochemical reactions. Field effect transistor (FET) based biosensors represent a novel technology in biomedical research, playing an essential role in clinical drug screening due to their high specificity, sensitivity, label-free detection, real-time monitoring, cost-effectiveness, and integration capabilities. This review provides a detailed description of the structural mechanisms of various types of FET biosensors. Furthermore, it introduces the classification, structural mechanisms, and immobilization methods of biological probes. Additionally, the methodologies and effects of utilizing the FET biosensor platform for screening cancer drugs, anti-infective drugs, inhibitor drugs, anti-histamine drugs, psychotropic drugs, cardiovascular drugs, and other drug categories are highlighted. Finally, the challenges encountered by FET biosensors in drug screening applications are discussed, and advanced strategies for future clinical drug screening are proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 14","pages":" 3026-3044"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold disk microelectrode-coupled label-free electrochemical aptasensor for dopamine assay†","authors":"Sunying Yang, Jiaqi Cai, Liu Su, Jingxiao Huo, Huadong Xu, Yuhao Gu, Changhe Wang, Hetong Qi and Honglan Qi","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00511F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00511F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We fabricated a gold disk microelectrode (Au DME) and developed a label-free electrochemical aptasensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA) in brain slices using an anti-DA specific aptamer as the molecular recognition element and DA oxidation signal as the analytical signal. Au DME with a disk-shaped geometry and a radius in the range of 1.25 to 4 μm was fabricated by fine-tuning the size of the gold microwire inside a borosilicate capillary using laser-assisted pulling and mechanical polishing methods for easily positioning the target object. A label-free electrochemical aptasensor was fabricated by self-assembling an anti-DA-specific aptamer on the surface of Au DME with a radius of 2 μm. The obtained aptasensor directly detected DA based on the oxidation current of DA as an analytical signal, in which the recognition of DA by the anti-DA specific aptamer immobilized on Au DME enabled DA to be close to the electrode surface and facilitated the electrochemical oxidation of DA. Benefitting from Au DME with a small capacitive current and anti-DA specific aptamer with good binding affinity to DA, the label-free electrochemical aptasensor not only sensitively detected DA with a wide linear range of 0.5 to 27 μM and a low detection limit of 0.11 μM but also selectively detected DA in the presence of other interfering neurochemicals. Moreover, the label-free electrochemical aptasensor was successfully applied in the recording of the dynamic increase in DA concentration in a striatal slice from mice upon electrical stimulation. This work provides a promising strategy for the preparation of label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on microelectrodes with high spatial resolution, sensitivity and selectivity to determine neurochemical dynamics in living systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 15","pages":" 3393-3399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ex vivo spectroscopic characterisation of the biological activity of pancreatic cyst fluid†","authors":"Outmane Bouzerda, Laura E. Kane, Gregory S. Mellotte, Barbara M. Ryan, Stephen G. Maher, Olivier Piot and Aidan D. Meade","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00230C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00230C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are fluid-filled sacs often identified incidentally during abdominal imaging for unrelated pancreatic indications. While most PCLs are non-cancerous (benign) with no potential progression to pancreatic cancer (PC), some PCLs may undergo malignant transformation and are therefore more likely to progress into invasive cancer. The main challenge lies in separating PCLs that are entirely benign from those that are premalignant, as imaging tools and clinical guidelines remain inadequate. Understanding how these PCLs arise and develop is crucial for the proper management of patients with these lesions. Well-established PDAC cell lines and pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF), the fluid contained within PCLs, represent an invaluable tool for investigating the biological processes driving PCL formation and their eventual malignant transformation. Such information could greatly improve patient risk stratification, as well as avoid unnecessary follow-up and treatment for those who do not need it. Novel approaches based on vibrational spectroscopy may represent a useful adjunct to clinical tests of this sample type, offering a mode for objective assessment as well as providing potential <em>in vivo</em> applications. In the present <em>ex vivo</em> investigation, the first of its kind in this field, a focus was brought to developing a cell line-based model with vibrational spectroscopy for discriminating the response of PDAC cell lines to exposure to PCF. We demonstrate that this approach provides a robust assay which may have potential, with further development, to provide models which are predictive of the trajectory of disease progression in precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 14","pages":" 3123-3136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/an/d5an00230c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production process defects of Mixi beverage detected by neutral desorption-extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","authors":"Lingling Pan, Manman Qin, Leting Wang, Lu Huang, Huiyu Xing, Ning Wang, Tongtong Yang, Liyun Hu, Rui Su, Huanwen Chen","doi":"10.1039/d5an00299k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5an00299k","url":null,"abstract":"Process defects in the model production process of Mixi beverage, a typical example of extremely viscous food products have been successfully detected using neutral desorption extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ND-EESI-MS) without sample pretreatment. We employed statistical analysis to explore the correlation between process defects in the production and metabolite ions in the fingerprints of MiXi samples with diverse qualities, which were acquired using ND-EESI-MS. Abnormal signals of analytes such as the appearance of heavy metal ions or pesticides, as well as changes in beneficial ingredients (eg. D-glucose) observed in the fingerprints could serve as indicators of defects encountered in the production. Meanwhile, we quantitatively analysed the concentrations of heavy metals and pesticide residues in Mixi beverage, and the results showed a strong linear relationship (R2 &gt; 0.99) between heavy metals and pesticide residues in the concentration range of 0.50-200.00 μg L-1, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.04-1.44 μg L-1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.12-4.36 μg L-1 with RSD of 0.39-3.66%. Furthermore, in contrast to previous methods, the concealed defects occurring in the manufacturing process, including raw material screening, soaking, extracting, etc., can be directly detected by terminal product analysis, reflecting ND-EESI-MS was a promising tool for quality control in viscous beverage and tracing defects in the production process.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid detection of capsaicinoids via a Bi2S3/rGO/MWCNT-COOH-modified screen-printed electrode coupled with glass bead-assisted ultrasonic extraction†","authors":"Jie Jiang, Xuening Wang, Kai Yu, Zhiping Sun, Qianyun Yu and Yang Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00440C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00440C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In order to achieve rapid extraction and sensitive detection of capsaicinoids, this study combined glass bead-assisted ultrasound extraction with a Bi<small>₂</small>S<small>₃</small>/rGO/MWCNT-COOH-modified screen-printed electrode. By integrating ethanol–water solvents and glass beads, the ultrasonic cavitation effect was enhanced, reducing the extraction time from 50 minutes to 22 minutes while maintaining high efficiency. The composite-modified SPE exhibited superior electrochemical performance, achieving a detection limit of 26 nM through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The response surface methodology optimized extraction parameters and real-sample validation demonstrated high reliability (recovery: 94.70–110.50%) and consistency with HPLC results. This approach offers a rapid, eco-friendly solution for on-site analysis of capsaicinoids in food safety and quality control applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 14","pages":" 3217-3224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilising highly conductive TPU “sticks” for facile and low-cost electroanalysis†","authors":"Ana C. M. Oliveira, Elena Bernalte, Robert D. Crapnell, Rodrigo A. A. Muñoz and Craig E. Banks","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00472A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00472A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rapid, on-site analysis of environmental contaminants necessitates the use of cost-effective and straightforward apparatus to encourage widespread adoption and align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation. In this work, we report the development of highly conductive thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filaments that can be easily cut and assembled into “sticks”, functioning as standalone rod-like working electrodes for electrochemical and electroanalytical applications. Using TPU as the base polymer, filaments filled with 35, 40, and 45 wt% carbon black (CB) were fabricated and characterised both physicochemically and electrochemically at different lengths (2.5, 5 and 10 mm). Among these, the 45 wt% CB filaments demonstrated the best electrode performance. Interestingly, due to morphological differences between the cross-section and the outer surface of the filament, extending the length of the filament sticks to 10 mm resulted in significant splitting of electrochemical peaks. Consequently, 5 mm sticks were optimised and employed for the electroanalytical detection of acetaminophen, achieving a linear detection range of 5–800 μM, a detection limit of 1.74 μM, and a quantification limit of 5.70 μM. These sticks were further validated by successfully detecting acetaminophen in tap and river water samples. This work introduces an innovative approach to reducing costs and simplifying on-site electrochemical analysis by using predefined lengths of conductive plastic filaments, which can be conveniently transported and stored on a spool until needed. The simplicity and affordability of this method enhance the commercial viability of electroanalytical sensing technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 14","pages":" 3147-3157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/an/d5an00472a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing droplet-based microbiological assays: optofluidic detection meets multiplexed droplet generation†","authors":"Ashkan Samimi, Sundar Hengoju, Karin Martin and Miriam A. Rosenbaum","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00130G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00130G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microbiological assays are crucial in understanding microbial ecology and developing new bioproducts. Given the significance of these assays, there is a growing interest in developing high throughput experimentation methods capable of assay multiplexing to enhance the accuracy and efficiency. In this study, we integrate a multiplexed droplet generation set-up into an optofluidic detection chip to facilitate rapid and high throughput analysis of microbiological assays. The optofluidic detection set-up at the same time enables fast and sensitive assessment of droplet condition and content, providing analysis scalability in a high throughput manner. Employing the integration, we produced unique fluorescence barcoded droplets containing defined concentrations of various carbon sources, allowing the simultaneous investigation of microbial growth and metabolic capacity under different experimental conditions. We successfully validated the robustness of the established setup in analyzing and distinguishing different fluorescence barcodes. Our findings highlight the potential of the integrated platform for a broader range of applications in high throughput drug screening, environmental monitoring, and microbiology research.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 14","pages":" 3137-3146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/an/d5an00130g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhaled gas biomarkers: a non-invasive approach for distinguishing diabetes and its complications","authors":"Haoping Wu, Rui Zeng, Lei Li, Mingqiang Li, Yuchen Zhu, Wenbo Li, Bin Zhao, Chuanbiao Wen and Fei Feng","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00568J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00568J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Exhaled gas detection offers a safe, convenient, and non-invasive clinical diagnostic method for preventing the progression of diabetes to complications. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and statistical methods were employed to identify four volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that exhibit significant differences between patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and those with Diabetic Complications (DC). Compared with those in DC patients, the concentrations of isoprene, acetone, and isopropanol were found to be higher in T2DM patients, whereas the concentrations of tetradecane were lower. Based on the sets of these four VOCs, a voting classifier was constructed using three machine learning methods–Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and AUC value of the voting classifier are 90.8%, 92.1%, 89.5%, 0.909, and 0.988, respectively, in distinguishing between T2DM and DC. This diagnostic method of exhaled gas detection provides an important foundation for preventing DC and monitoring disease progression of DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 16","pages":" 3636-3642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A PEDOT:PSS-MWCNT-modified MEA platform with integrated electrical stimulation for enhanced maturation and drug screening of iPSC-cardiomyocytes†","authors":"Zhixiang Liang, Huimin Li, Junlei Han, Jun Chen, Jiemeng Ding, Wenteng Tang, Minghui Wang, Qi Meng, Lei Zhang, Zetao Zhang and Li Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00315F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00315F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cardiovascular toxicity is a key safety indicator that has to be evaluated in the process of new drug development. To enable high-throughput and multiparametric assessment of cardiomyocyte function, we developed a 32-well high-throughput microelectrode array (MEA) platform integrated with electrical stimulation. Electrode surface modification with PEDOT:PSS-MWCNT nanocomposites significantly enhanced electrochemical performance and signal acquisition fidelity, reducing electrode impedance by 37-fold compared to unmodified Au electrodes. Notably, the built-in electrical stimulation effectively promoted electrophysiological and structural maturation of human iPSC-cardiomyocytes, demonstrated by a 15.47% increase in sarcomere length and 1.73-fold upregulation of connexin-43 expression. The platform's utility was further validated through cardiotoxicity assessment of two representative ion channel modulators, E-4031 (a selective hERG channel blocker) and verapamil (a clinically used calcium channel blocker). Collectively, this study presents an integrated platform that combines functional monitoring with cellular maturation enhancement, offering a powerful tool for cardiotoxicity screening and disease modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 14","pages":" 3188-3197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking TERS and TEPL probes: towards a reference sample for quantification of near-field enhancement factors in gap and non-gap modes†","authors":"James Kerfoot, Elizabeth J. Legge, Amy Collins, Jasbinder Chauhan, Kai Rossnagel, Peter H. Beton, Christopher J. Mellor, Andrew J. Pollard, Graham A. Rance and Michael W. George","doi":"10.1039/D5AN00456J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5AN00456J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Benchmarking the near-field signal enhancement attained using plasmonic metal-coated atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL) measurements is challenging given the absence of a suitable reference sample that is simple to prepare, easy to use and compatible with different instrument configurations. To this end, in this study, we have fabricated a flake of monolayer tungsten diselenide (1L-WSe<small>₂</small>) stamped across the interface of gold and silver thin films on silicon dioxide and glass. We have demonstrated these samples to be effective for the facile determination of near-field Raman and photoluminescence contrast factors in both gap and non-gap mode, respectively. We show that the near-degenerate E<small>¹</small><small>_2g</small> + A<small>_1g</small> and 2LA(M) peaks in the Raman spectra of WSe<small>₂</small> enable quantification of Raman contrast factors, with a ∼1.6-fold increase in TERS signal enhancement in gap mode, relative to non-gap mode, observed for a typical probe. Similar differences in the photoluminescence contrast factors were observed comparing in-contact and out-of-contact signal intensity ratios from gap and non-gap mode TEPL measurements. Moreover, in developing a reference methodology we found that the line shape of the TEPL profile was dependent upon the magnitude of the signal enhancement, with a disproportionate increase in the longer wavelength shoulder of the emission observed in gap mode. As this contribution to the asymmetric line shape is tentatively assigned to a dark exciton, which possesses an out-of-plane transition dipole moment, our TEPL measurements indicate that the directionality of the near-field enhancement provides a further handle enabling quantification of probe performance. Using samples prepared on glass, and comparing results obtained from two different instruments, each with a different excitation laser wavelength and optical access, we demonstrate the universal applicability of our reference material for sensitivity benchmarking of metallised AFM probes in both gap and non-gap mode, suitable for both reflection and transmission geometries, and across the range of laser wavelengths typically used for TERS and TEPL.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" 14","pages":" 3077-3088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/an/d5an00456j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}