Journal of Electronic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced Piezoelectric Performance in Nickel Oxide Nanoparticle-Embedded Flexible PVDF Film","authors":"Arun Mondal, Mohd Faraz, Neeraj Khare","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11363-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11363-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The conversion of ambient mechanical vibrations into electricity using piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) has garnered significant attention from researchers over the past few years, in light of its potential in wearable applications. The high flexibility and significant ferroelectricity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) make them the most promising candidates for PENG applications among polymer piezoelectric materials. In the present work, NiO nanoparticles were incorporated in different ratios into a PVDF matrix, and their potential for use in piezoelectric nanogenerators was investigated. The PVDF/NiO (5 wt.%) nanocomposite PENG exhibited the highest electrical output, with a 2.8-fold increase in open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current observed as compared to a bare PVDF-based PENG. However, a further increase in the compositional ratio of NiO led to a decrease in PENG output. The improved piezoelectricity in the PVDF/NiO (5 wt.%) nanocomposite is attributed to the enhanced polar phases and improved ferroelectricity of PVDF. Further confirmation of the improved piezoresponse was explored by measurement of the piezoelectric coefficient (<i>d</i>₃₃) and dielectric study of the nanocomposites. The PENG electrical output was further simulated using the finite elemental method in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5. The simulated results matched well with the experimental output, which confirmed the improved electrical performance of the PVDF/NiO nanocomposite-based PENGs. The enhanced performance of the nanocomposite PVDF film is attributed to the higher β phase in the PVDF. The efficiency of the PENG devices in motion-sensing applications was also explored. Different output voltage signals corresponding to different movements of the nanocomposite-based PENGs make the device compatible with sensor applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Dye Degradation in Piezo-Photocatalytic ZnO–MoS2 Heterostructures","authors":"James Albert B. Narvaez, Candy C. Mercado","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11413-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11413-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photocatalysis is a novel approach to degrade hazardous compounds, frequently employed in environmental remediation such as eliminating methyl orange (MO) dye from wastewater. However, low efficient usage of visible light due to the large band gap of photocatalysts and its high rate of recombination limit the process. To address this issue, piezophototronics has been utilized to improve the efficacy of catalytic degradation. Specifically for this study, the piezo-photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO–MoS₂ heterostructures has been realized using solar and mechanical energy in degrading MO dye. One-dimensional heterostructures with an average length of 3.34 <i>μ</i>m and an average diameter of 872.6 nm compactly aligned on glass substrates were synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal process. Under simulated solar illumination and ultrasonic vibration, the ZnO–MoS₂ effectively degraded MO, improving the degradation efficiency from 55% to 84% by introducing piezopotential in ZnO. Ultrasonication aided the photocatalysis through field-assisted separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes, reducing recombination. Coupled liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry confirmed the degradation of MO into its smaller metabolites. The catalyst films have achieved 61% degradation even after 3 times reuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Structure, Microstructure, and Electrical Properties of Defect-Induced Ce-Doped SrTiO3 as Solid Electrolyte in IT-SOFC Application","authors":"Vedika Yadav, Upendra Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11392-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11392-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ionic conductors with the composition SrTi_1−<i>x</i>Ce_<i>x</i>O₃ (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.02, and 0.04) were synthesized by a high-temperature conventional ceramic route, and their electrical properties were analyzed for use as solid electrolytes in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to analyze the compositional homogeneity and morphology of the samples. The phase analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), followed by Rietveld refinement, confirming the cubic crystal structure under the space group <span>(Pmoverline{3 }m)</span>. The bands at 462 cm⁻¹ and 449 cm⁻¹ in the Raman spectrum confirmed the incorporation of Ce at the Ti-site of SrTiO₃. The presence of a negative charge was found from zeta potential analysis, supporting the presence of Ce³⁺ at the Ce⁴⁺site, denoted by <span>(C{e}_{C{e}^{4+}}^{3+}{^prime})</span>, and Ti³⁺ at the Ti⁴⁺ site, denoted by <span>(T{i}_{T{i}^{4+}}^{3+}{^prime})</span>, in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The total conductivity of samples showed thermal-dependent Arrhenius behavior with two different activation energy values. The activation energy <span>(ge 1 text{eV})</span> in high-temperature regions indicated the migration of doubly ionized oxygen vacancy and <span>(le 0.50 text{eV})</span> reflecting the migration of electrons between the degenerate sites of Ti⁴⁺/Ce⁴⁺. The impedance spectroscopy studies suggested the presence of bulk contribution in the electrical properties, and similar charge carriers were responsible for both processes. The impact of oxygen vacancy on electrical conduction was also supported by the magnetic properties, which displayed diamagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition with Ce doping. The highest value of total conductivity was obtained around 0.003 S cm⁻¹ at 610°C, making it a potential candidate for solid electrolytes in IT-SOFC applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Annealing Treatment on Electromigration Resistance of Low-Temperature Sn-57Bi-1Ag Solder Interconnect","authors":"J. L. Chen, S. B. Wang, J. Ren, M. L. Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11402-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11402-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of annealing treatment on the electromigration (EM) resistance of low-temperature Cu/Sn-57Bi-1Ag (600 <i>μ</i>m)/Cu solder interconnects has been investigated. The annealing treatment of as-soldered Cu/Sn-57Bi-1Ag/Cu solder interconnects caused the obvious coarsening of Bi phases in the bulk solders and a slight reduction in the electric resistance of the solder interconnects. The coarsening of the Bi phases induced a decrease in the Bi/β-Sn phase boundaries and thus a decrease in the EM-induced atomic diffusion flux of Bi atoms during the subsequent current stressing, resulting in the segregation of a thinner Bi phase layer at the anode and a lower increase rate of electric resistance of the solder interconnects. The longer the annealing time, the higher the EM resistance of the solder interconnects. The reductions in both the effective diffusion coefficient of the Bi atoms and the electric resistivity of the bulk Sn-57Bi-1Ag solders induced by the annealing treatment were responsible for the higher EM resistance of low-temperature Sn-57Bi-1Ag solder interconnects.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Graphene/Tungsten Carbide (WC) Nanocomposites from Palm Oil via Pulsed Arc Discharge in Liquid Medium: Morphological, Functional, and Gas Sensing Characterization","authors":"Siti Zubaidah Siddick, Shaifulazuar Rozali, Yew Hoong Wong, Nabilah Mohamad Yusof","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11371-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11371-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With recent trends moving towards sustainable approaches in adherence to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards, research is actively focused on sustainable production of high-potential materials. In this study, a successful synthesis pathway was demonstrated for a graphene/tungsten carbide (WC) nanocomposite via pulsed arc discharge in liquid medium, utilizing crude palm oil and commercial cooking palm oil as liquid precursors. The synthesis of the graphene/WC nanocomposites was carried out by applying current with amplitude of 80 A and 100 A to the tungsten electrode immersed in the liquid palm oil, subjected to 150 arc discharges. A comparative investigation was performed to examine the morphological and functional characteristics of the materials synthesized from the different types of palm oil under different current conditions. In addition, the synthesized nanocomposites were assessed with respect to their gas sensing performance. Impressively, the CRG100(150) nanocomposite (produced from crude palm oil with current of 100 A) exhibited gas sensing response of 4.853% upon injection of 200 ppm of ethanol. The CRG100(150) nanocomposite also demonstrated short response and recovery time of 43 s and 182 s, respectively. Thus, the successful synthesis of CRG100(150), utilizing a natural precursor via arc discharge in liquid, paves the way for the development of sustainable gas sensing materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency Agile Bilayer Metamaterials for Radar Cross-Section Reduction","authors":"Khedidja Bouras, Chaker Mohsen Saleh, Djalaleddine Bensafieddine, Mouloud Bouzouad","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11394-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11394-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metamaterials (MTMs) are synthetic structures known for their ability to control electromagnetic wave propagation, offering innovative solutions for reducing the radar cross-section (RCS) of objects. This paper proposes an agile bilayer MTM to reduce the RCS. Each layer consists of identical agile MTM unit cells embedded with switches to achieve agility. Depending on the switch state, we can obtain two types of unit cells: connected (ON state) and disconnected (OFF state), which exhibit two different behaviors. The switches are controlled using an external command system. By independently adjusting the switching states (ON/OFF) of the two layers, six agile reflection frequency stop bands are generated, corresponding to the four possible configurations of ON–ON, ON–OFF, OFF–ON, and OFF–OFF, and their reflection and transmission ranges are controlled. This design has the capability to control six distinct frequency bands with a − 1- dBm RCS reduction, comprising two bands within the Ku-band (12–18 GHz) and four within the Ka-band (25–40 GHz).</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"57 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave Absorption of Natural Rubber Composites Based on PANI/CNT/Fe2O3 for Flexible Shielding Applications","authors":"R. Anilkumar, A. P. Abhilash, K. K. Indhu, Sherin Joseph, Honey John, Deepti Das Krishna, C. K. Aanandan","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11391-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11391-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electronic devices and communication systems are highly susceptible to interference from unwanted electromagnetic waves. High-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding offers a solution to this issue. In this work, we discuss the design of an EMI shielding material composite using natural rubber (NR) filled with polyaniline (PANI), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃). Different properties of the material composite are studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We tested the EMI shielding efficiency of the developed material in the X band and the Ku band. The measurements revealed improved shielding effectiveness when compared to similar microwave shielding materials. In terms of flexibility and cost-effectiveness, this novel composite also proved to be a better alternative.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Performance FeSiAl Soft Magnetic Composites with Polyethyleneimine/Silicone Resin Double Organic Insulation Layers for 50 kHz–1 MHz Frequency Power Applications","authors":"Xinhui Li, Hanyu Yao, Yuanhong Wan, Yuping Sun, Xianguo Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11339-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11339-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite their advantages of light weight, complete coating and good formability, the poor high-temperature stability of organic materials limits their use as insulation coatings for soft magnetic powders. Therefore, a polyethyleneimine (PEI)/silicone resin (SR) double organic insulation layer was exploited to release internal stress and maintain insulation stability during the high-temperature annealing process, which achieved low core losses (<i>P</i>_<i>cv</i>) and high effective permeability (<i>μ</i>_<i>e</i>). Cross-sectional scanning transition images indicate that the PEI/SR layer undergoes the following evolution during annealing at 500–900°C: coating → densification → crack → rupture, implying thermal stability up to 700°C. Because of the integrity of double inorganic shells and the weak pin on magnetic domain movement, FeSiAl@PEI/SR cores annealed at 800°C deliver remarkable AC soft magnetic performance at 50 and 100 kHz, that is, low <i>P</i>_<i>cv</i> of 61.6 mW/cm³ (50 mT, 100 kHz), 121.2 mW/cm³ (100 mT, 50 kHz) and 307.3 mW/cm³ (100 mT, 100 kHz), high <i>μ</i>_<i>e</i> of 55.6 up to 1 MHz and 140°C, and DC bias of 51.5% at 100 Oe. Eddy current loss reaches the minimum value at 700°C and deteriorates at 800°C, and hysteresis loss continues to decrease with increasing annealing temperature, confirming the evolution of the insulation layer. Moreover, cores annealed at 700°C deliver <i>μ</i>_<i>e</i> of 57.6 at 1 MHz and <i>P</i>_<i>cv</i> of 278 mW/cm³ (20 mT, 1 MHz), exhibiting great potential for 1 MHz frequency power applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Magnetic and Electrical Properties of GdFeO3/Fe97Si3 Bilayer Thin Films","authors":"Rekha Gupta, Ravindra Kumar Kotnala, Anurag Tyagi","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11399-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11399-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bilayer thin films of GdFeO₃/Fe₉₇Si₃ have been synthesized by RF–magnetron sputtering at different thicknesses of GdFeO₃. A pure phase polycrystalline growth of GdFeO₃ and Fe₉₇Si₃ has been confirmed by XRD measurements. Stress-induced room-temperature magnetocrystalline anisotropy has been confirmed in all the bilayer thin films. A high magnetic moment has been induced in antiferromagnetic GdFeO₃ thin films resulting in the ferromagnetic character of all the samples. The ferromagnetic moment was found to be enhanced with increasing thickness of the GdFeO₃ layer. The maximum value of the room- temperature magnetic moment has been observed as M_s ~ 9.3 emu/ml in 170-nm-thick GdFeO₃ film. Dielectric measurements confirmed the induced magnetocapacitance due to grain boundary accumulation of charge carriers. Magnetic field control of capacitance and current–voltage measurements of these thin films represents a strong potential for the existence of magnetoelectric coupling in GdFeO₃/Fe₉₇Si₃ films. A maximum 30% rise in magnetocapacitance and a 95.6% increase in tunneling current in an applied 1-kOe magnetic field was obtained for 170-nm-thick GFO thin film. These thin films possess applications in spintronic devices due to the presence of room- temperature magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetic control of the electric properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Thin, Bendable PbS Photodetector on Paper for High-Performance Infrared Sensing","authors":"Mohammed Y. H. Thabit, Nabeel M. S. Kaawash, Devidas I. Halge, Pooja M. Khanzode, Asma B. U. Rahman, Sohel J. Shaikh, Vijaykiran N. Narwade, Jagdish W. Dadge, Kashinath A. Bogle","doi":"10.1007/s11664-024-11398-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-024-11398-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Researchers have created a modern infrared (IR) sensor that is both super-sensitive and highly flexible. This remarkable device possesses impressive properties of exceptional sensitivity (24,000%), high responsiveness (1.25 A/W), and fast response time (3 ms). This innovation stands out for its unique construction: an ultrathin layer of lead sulfide (PbS) deposited on a standard Whatman filter paper. This design achieves a photo-current 32 times greater than previous record-holding PbS thin films. The key advantage is its unmatched flexibility. This sensor can bend and flex without breaking, maintaining its IR detection capabilities even after enduring extreme bending cycles. This breakthrough paves the way for a new era of wearable IR photo sensors, flexible electronics, and medical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electronic Materials","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}