Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety最新文献

{"title":"Malawi’s ‘anything goes’ food market: weak regulations on nutrition and health claims","authors":"Rutendo Bell,&nbsp;Aggrey Pemba Gama,&nbsp;Limbikani Matumba","doi":"10.1007/s00003-024-01509-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00003-024-01509-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regulations on nutrition and health claims are useful to protect consumers from deceptive practices of unscrupulous food manufacturers. Consumer protection is best achieved when relevant regulations are available and enforced. So far, no study has analyzed the robustness of regulations on nutrition and health claims in Malawi. In the present study, Malawi’s regulation was compared with Codex Alimentarius as well as European, U.S American, and the Republic of South Africa’s (RSA) regulations on nutrition and health claims. The study revealed that Malawi does not have regulations or guidelines on health claims and therefore, any health claim can be made. Likewise, Malawi’s regulation on nutrition claims was found to be the least demanding and less elaborate. Out of 11 nutrition claims related requirements, the Malawi regulation satisfied only 3. The lack of comprehensive nutrition and health claims regulations in Malawi may give an opportunity to dishonest manufacturers to mislead and deceive consumers. False claims can also derail government’s efforts towards addressing some nutrient deficiencies through food fortification programs. Currently, it is difficult to effectively regulate nutrition and health claims in Malawi. Therefore, the findings are a wake-up call for Malawi and other countries that may be in a similar situation to take the necessary remedial actions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety","volume":"19 3","pages":"303 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of working coveralls and chemical resistant gloves in reducing operator exposure to pesticides","authors":"Christian J. Kuster,&nbsp;Felix M. Kluxen,&nbsp;Edgars Felkers,&nbsp;Neil Morgan,&nbsp;Nicola J. Hewitt,&nbsp;Julien Durand-Reville","doi":"10.1007/s00003-024-01506-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00003-024-01506-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is used to reduce exposure when working with chemicals. For pesticides, exposure scenarios comprise mixing and loading (M&amp;L) and application. The exposure prediction model recommended by European regulatory agencies for operator risk assessments—the Agricultural Operator Exposure Model (AOEM) – is based on 48 operator exposure studies involving over 500 professional operators from 10 European countries in typical working situations to assess exposure under realistic field conditions. We used the AOEM data to assess the efficiency of exposure reduction resulting from wearing chemical-resistant nitrile gloves and non-certified working coveralls during M&amp;L (tank and backpack sprayer), applications using groundboom and airblast spraying, and outdoor and indoor (greenhouse) applications using handheld sprayers. All studies indicated consistent and high exposure reduction &gt; 90% for gloves and non-certified coveralls across all investigated scenarios. Exceptions were almost exclusively observed when an operator incorrectly used the PPE. The mean exposure reduction from all operators, including those that used PPE incorrectly, was 95.0% for gloves and 96.4% for polyester/cotton working coveralls during M&amp;L, and 91.1% for gloves and 94.9% for non-certified coveralls during all application scenarios. This analysis confirms the essential role of PPE and non-certified working coveralls in reducing operator exposure to pesticides. Outliers indicate that operators need to be properly trained and adhere to label instructions to apply pesticides according to good agricultural practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety","volume":"19 2","pages":"155 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00003-024-01506-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140656168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SocialLab: Durch Forschung und Zusammenarbeit hin zu einer nachhaltigen landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung","authors":"Marie von Meyer-Höfer,&nbsp;Monika Hartmann,&nbsp;Peter Kenning,&nbsp;Jörg Luy,&nbsp;Marcus Mergenthaler,&nbsp;Jutta Roosen,&nbsp;Achim Spiller,&nbsp;Inken Christoph-Schulz","doi":"10.1007/s00003-024-01484-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00003-024-01484-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Das Projekt SocialLab, das im Jahr 2012 ins Leben gerufen wurde, zielt darauf ab, die Notwendigkeit von Verbesserungen in landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltungssystemen, sowohl aus wissenschaftlicher als auch aus gesellschaftlicher Sicht anzugehen. Denn falls umfassende Veränderungen hin zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit bei der Produktion tierischer Lebensmittel nicht erreicht werden, besteht die Gefahr für die gesamte Branche, dass die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz für tierische Lebensmittel verloren geht. Das Projekt verwendet einen multidisziplinären und partizipativen Ansatz und bezieht Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher, landwirtschaftliche Betriebe, den Einzelhandel und Interessenvertretungen ein, um Erkenntnisse zu sammeln und Empfehlungen für Politik, Praxis und Forschung zu formulieren. Die Ergebnisse von SocialLab II sind in der gesamten landwirtschaftlichen Wertschöpfungskette von Bedeutung: Landwirtschaftliche Betriebe erhalten Einblicke in markt- und gesellschaftliche Anforderungen, was ihr Vertrauen in die Gestaltung neuer Tierhaltungssysteme stärken könnte. Darüber hinaus bietet SocialLab II ein Monitoring-Tool für politische Entscheidungsträger, um Veränderungen in der gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz der Nutztierhaltung zu messen. Dieses Tool ermöglicht auch eine Anleitung zur Gestaltung des rechtlichen Rahmens für die Nutztierhaltung. Der Einzelhandelssektor kann von den Einblicken zum Einfluss von Preisstrategien und Tierwohl-Labels auf das Kaufverhalten der  Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher profitieren. Zusammengefasst bietet die Infrastruktur von SocialLab die Gelegenheit für eine evidenzbasierte, partizipative, multidisziplinäre und situationsflexible Beteiligung an der Transformation der Nutztierhaltung in Deutschland.</p>","PeriodicalId":622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety","volume":"19 1 supplement","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00003-024-01484-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbeitspaket 1: Monitoring der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz der Nutztierhaltung","authors":"Inken Christoph-Schulz,&nbsp;Ivica Faletar,&nbsp;Monika Hartmann,&nbsp;Peter Kenning,&nbsp;Jörg Luy,&nbsp;Marcus Mergenthaler,&nbsp;Jutta Roosen,&nbsp;Achim Spiller,&nbsp;Marie von Meyer-Höfer","doi":"10.1007/s00003-024-01485-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00003-024-01485-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the first work package (WP 1) of SocialLab II was to establish a monitoring system for framework conditions that influence the development of social criticism and acceptance of livestock farming. Based on the results of SocialLab I (Christoph-Schulz et al., J Consum Prot Food Saf 13:145–236, 2018), the aim was to establish a long-term longitudinal study. The monitoring was carried out, set up and tested online with a total of 4 survey waves and representative samples of consumers. In addition, farmers and retailers were surveyed. This enabled the development and validation of a survey tool that will allow the German Ministry of Agriculture to conduct surveys at regular intervals on the following topics that are important in the societal debate on the further development of livestock farming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety","volume":"19 1 supplement","pages":"7 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00003-024-01485-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zukunft durch Beteiligung – landwirtschaftliche Tierhaltung im Dialog","authors":"Marie von Meyer-Höfer,&nbsp;Philipp von Gall,&nbsp;Bea Bardusch,&nbsp;Ivica Faletar,&nbsp;Marcus Mergenthaler,&nbsp;Jörg Luy,&nbsp;Inken Christoph-Schulz","doi":"10.1007/s00003-024-01483-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00003-024-01483-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article presents a future workshop on agricultural livestock farming, which—as part of the SocialLab II project—developed and applied innovative methods including participating interest groups in the political transformation of livestock farming. This future workshop examines the desirable developments for agricultural livestock farming from the perspective of all interest groups. The interests in animal welfare, environmental and climate protection were taken into account, as well as the economic and practical requirements of the companies. Challenging for dialogs in the field of transforming animal husbandry are the sheer number of different demands from social groups. On the one hand, more and more interest groups are voicing new demands, for example in the area of climate protection. On the other hand, previously homogeneous interest groups, such as those from agriculture and from animal welfare, are becoming increasingly diversified in terms of goals, strategies and values. Animals are increasingly recognized as a group affected by politics with their own demands, although their political representation is still hardly regulated. This paper includes methodological features of the future workshop on agricultural livestock farming, the identified target images for agricultural livestock farming, effective approaches to stakeholder dialog and insights into the aspects of appreciation and communication in dialog between stakeholders. From a large number of positions and submissions, 3 future scenarios of livestock farming in Germany were identified: (i) higher standards, (ii) system change and reduction and (iii) alternatives to livestock farming. In future, policy measures and dialog formats in the field of livestock farming should disclose where they fit into this spectrum of objectives. Alliances and compromises between the visions of the future are possible in various combinations. Agreement on minimum legal requirements in animal welfare seems particularly urgent, as these form the starting point of the debate. In future, dialog formats should be more open about their contribution to the debate, whereby three functional areas of dialog formats can be distinguished.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety","volume":"19 1 supplement","pages":"101 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00003-024-01483-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140612654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wie informieren sich Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher am Point of Sale? Eine Untersuchung zur Wahrnehmung von Kommunikationsmaßnahmen und Labels","authors":"Nadine R. Gier-Reinartz,&nbsp;Regina Harms,&nbsp;Peter Kenning,&nbsp;Christina Neubig,&nbsp;Malte Oehlmann,&nbsp;Jutta Roosen","doi":"10.1007/s00003-024-01487-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00003-024-01487-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Informationen am Point of Sale zur landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung können das Kauf-, Konsum- und Kommunikationsverhalten von Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern unterschiedlich stark beeinflussen. Um Verbraucherinformation effektiv und effizient gestalten zu können, braucht es Kenntnis über Kommunikationsmaßnahmen, die das Verhalten von Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern beeinflussen können und für diese besonders relevant sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund fokussiert dieser Beitrag (a) welche Kommunikationsinhalte am Point of Sale (nicht) genutzt und als (un)wichtig erachtet werden, (b) welche Veränderungen hinsichtlich des Informationsbedarfs bestehen, (c) welche Kommunikationsträger als potenzielle Informationsquelle am Point of Sale genutzt werden, und (d) welche Labels, die im Bereich der landwirtschaftlichen Nutztierhaltung zur Produktkennzeichnung verwendet werden, hinreichend bekannt und vertrauensvoll sind. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass insbesondere Kommunikationsinhalte zum Preis und zur Haltbarkeit, aber auch zur Haltung der Nutztiere sowie die Kommunikationsträger „Verpackung“ und „Label“ durch Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher am Point of Sale genutzt werden. Dabei deuten sich bei aktuellen Produktkennzeichnungen und verwendeten Labels für landwirtschaftliche Nutztierhaltung teilweise große Bekanntheitsunterschiede an, wobei wenn Personen ein Label kennen keines der untersuchten Labels im Vergleich einen Vertrauensvorsprung zu haben scheint. Ein konstant wachsender Bedarf an weiteren Informationen zur Tierhaltung (z. B. zu Tiergesundheitsindikatoren) ist jedoch erkennbar. Dieser scheint jedoch durch aktuell bekannte Kommunikationsmaßnahmen am Point of Sale nicht gedeckt zu sein. Durch verstärkte Aufklärung mittels bereits genutzter Kommunikationsträger zur Tierhaltung, wie z. B. das Verpackungslabel „Haltungsform“, könnten bestehende Lücken geschlossen werden.</p>","PeriodicalId":622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety","volume":"19 1 supplement","pages":"57 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00003-024-01487-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk perception and food safety practices among Slovenian pet owners: does raw meat feeding of pets make a difference?","authors":"Andrej Ovca,&nbsp;Veronika Bulochova,&nbsp;Teja Pirnat,&nbsp;Ellen W. Evans","doi":"10.1007/s00003-024-01505-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00003-024-01505-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Commercially produced and home-made raw meat-based pet diets are becoming increasingly popular and have been recognised as an emerging public health risk by the European Food Safety Authority. The aim of this study was to investigate risk perceptions and self-reported pet food preparation practices in the home setting among pet owners who feed raw meat-based diet to pets. An online questionnaire was distributed to pet owners through social media groups. Ultimately, 750 respondents were included in the detailed analysis, divided into two subgroups, a “raw group” consisted of pet owners who provided raw meat-based diets for pets (<i>n</i> = 382), while the “conventional group” consisted of pet owners who did not (<i>n</i> = 368). There was no significant difference between the two groups in overall risk perception. Only one third of respondents in both groups were aware of the potentially fatal consequences of food poisoning. Self-reported frequency of hand washing, and surface cleaning, were significantly higher (<i>p</i> = 0.000) in the raw group than the conventional group. Food safety malpractices were noted in the raw feeding group, with 47% reporting to rinsing raw peat meat before preparing it, and 42% thawing frozen raw peat meat at room temperature on the kitchen counter. The results provide information on the prevalence of feeding raw meat to pets among Slovenian pet owners and provides the basis for developing tailored food safety education campaigns to improve risk awareness and provide food safety recommendations for pet owners providing raw meat-based diets for pets in Slovenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety","volume":"19 3","pages":"293 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00003-024-01505-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Acceptance Scale—development of an instrument for the differentiated measurement of social acceptance in agricultural livestock farming","authors":"Nadine R. Gier-Reinartz,&nbsp;Regina Harms","doi":"10.1007/s00003-024-01490-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00003-024-01490-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the development and validation of the Social Acceptance Scale (SAS), an instrument designed to measure social acceptance, particularly in transformative sectors like agricultural livestock farming. Recognizing the need for a nuanced acceptance scale, various facets of acceptance across a three-level continuum were delineated, spanning from opposition to commitment, encompassing eight distinct items. The SAS's creation and validation process included the conceptual and empirical testing of four validity types: content validity, face validity, construct validity, and criterion validity. Content and face validity involved construct definition, item generation, iterative review, and pilot testing to ensure theoretical soundness. Empirical testing encompassed construct validity through statistical validation and assessments of factorial and convergent validity. Furthermore, criterion validity was explored by examining associations with related constructs, enhancing the SAS's external applicability. In conclusion, this paper introduces the SAS as a tool to measure social acceptance within transformative sectors. It underscores the necessity for a comprehensive acceptance scale, offering a detailed account of its development and validation. The discussion section acknowledges limitations and outlines potential directions for future research in this domain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety","volume":"19 1 supplement","pages":"29 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00003-024-01490-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Einfluss von Inflation und Ukraine-Krieg auf die bekundete Mehrzahlungsbereitschaft für Lebensmittel mit höheren Tier- und Umweltschutzstandards","authors":"Jörg Luy,&nbsp;Jeanette Klink-Lehmann,&nbsp;Johannes Simons","doi":"10.1007/s00003-024-01492-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00003-024-01492-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During a 2-year longitudinal study, which was nearly representative of the German population, considerable fluctuations were observed in the stated willingness to pay more for food produced with higher animal welfare and environmental protection standards. After the start of the Ukraine war in February 2022 and the roughly simultaneous rise in inflation, the expressed willingness to pay more for animal welfare and drinking water protection dropped significantly for a while, but largely recovered by spring 2023. This was accompanied by a significant temporary decline of the influence of the farming type on the taste of milk and dairy products. The results shed some light on the mechanisms responsible for the attitude-behaviour gap between stated and actual willingness to pay more food produced with higher animal welfare and environmental protection standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety","volume":"19 1 supplement","pages":"49 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining primary aromatic amines' stability in aqueous food simulants: effects of 3% acetic acid and water test conditions","authors":"Maria Hoppe,&nbsp;Margit Gmeiner,&nbsp;Petra Schmid","doi":"10.1007/s00003-024-01494-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00003-024-01494-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Primary aromatic amines (PAAs) may be found in food contact materials and can potentially migrate from packaging material into the packed foodstuffs. Certain members of this substance class are of particular concern due to their toxicological properties. Legislators and authorities require a risk assessment regarding the transfer of PAAs into food. The evaluation of PAAs’ migration into food relies on migration or extraction tests using aqueous and acidic food simulants or solvents. However, PAAs exhibit stability issues in acidic media, which could lead to an underestimation of migration. Therefore, a systematic stability study was conducted for 28 PAAs in 3% acetic acid and water at different storage conditions. Standard solutions of 2 and 10 ng/ml of the amines in these media were prepared and stored under the following conditions: 2 h at 40 °C, 70 °C, and 100 °C, and 10 days at − 20 °C, 4 °C, 20 °C, 40° C, and 60 °C. The test solutions were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and recovery was calculated against freshly prepared standard solutions. It was found that several PAAs undergo a loss of recovery under the investigated conditions; 7 of the substances were identified to be the most unstable: 3,3ʹ-dimethoxybenzidine, 3,3ʹ-dimethylbenzidine, 6-methoxy-<i>m</i>-toluidine, 4-methoxy-<i>m</i>-phenylendiamine, 2,6-toluenediamine, benzidine and 2,4-toluenediamine. It was concluded that both time and storage temperature play a pivotal role in the stability of PAAs. The experiments also demonstrated that PAAs exhibit greater stability in water than in 3% acetic acid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":622,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety","volume":"19 3","pages":"269 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00003-024-01494-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140315308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}