Journal of Coatings Technology and Research最新文献_第8页

Development of phage-polymer-based materials for antifouling applications: efficacy against marine Pseudomonas biofilms 用于防污应用的噬菌体聚合物基材料的发展：对海洋假单胞菌生物膜的功效

IF 2.8 4区材料科学

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11998-025-01217-1

D. Inbakandan, S. Manikandan, Clarita Clements, Naren Kumar, C. Anu

{"title":"Development of phage-polymer-based materials for antifouling applications: efficacy against marine Pseudomonas biofilms","authors":"D. Inbakandan, S. Manikandan, Clarita Clements, Naren Kumar, C. Anu","doi":"10.1007/s11998-025-01217-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-025-01217-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Marine <i>Pseudomonas</i> strains cause significant problems on various surfaces, including maritime cooling water systems, under water pipelines, and data buoys. In this study, <i>Pseudomonas</i> phages (ϕBW1.1, ϕBW1.2, and ϕBW2.1) were isolated from brackish water and characterized using negative staining under HRSTEM. They belong to the <i>Siphoviridae</i> (ϕBW1.1), <i>Podoviridae</i> (ϕBW1.2), and <i>Myoviridae</i> (ϕBW2.1) families. Phage stability was evaluated under various pH, salinity, and temperature conditions. All three phages have the ability to infect hosts and form plaques in different parameters. Phages ϕBW1.1 and ϕBW2.1 were processed for incorporation with PDMS (PI-PDMS) based on their antibiofilm ability. The PI-PDMS surfaces showed 67% weight loss in TGA and no function group alterations in infrared spectroscopy. PDMS, a hydrophobic polymer, showed slight changes in surface energy and hydrophobicity upon phage incorporation. The antibiofilm efficacy of PI-PDMS was assessed using various methods, including phenol-sulfuric acid assays, fluorescence dyes targeting different extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) components (cells, polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and eDNA), and ATP bioluminescence for biofilm samples. These findings demonstrate the development of innovative antifouling approaches in the marine environments using phage-polymer-based materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"23 3","pages":"1695 - 1709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147757215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and properties of HTPB-based UV-curable polyurethane acrylate with high flexibility htpb基高柔韧性光固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的合成及性能研究

IF 3.4 4区材料科学

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11998-025-01246-w

Pengfei Lou, Shen Zhou, Ziqiu Fang, Miao Yao, Jun Nie, Yong He

{"title":"Synthesis and properties of HTPB-based UV-curable polyurethane acrylate with high flexibility","authors":"Pengfei Lou, Shen Zhou, Ziqiu Fang, Miao Yao, Jun Nie, Yong He","doi":"10.1007/s11998-025-01246-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-025-01246-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To improve the suitability of the UV-curable materials for flexible devices, the hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) with a pure carbon main chain structure was employed as the diol to design HTPB-based polyurethane acrylate (PUA). The effect of the typology of diisocyanate and the molecular weight of HTPB on the mechanical property and photopolymerization kinetics of PUAs were investigated, and the PUA (H<sub>1</sub>-I) synthesized from the isophorone diisocyanate and the highest molecular weight HTPB (H<sub>1</sub>) showed the highest toughness and the tensile strength comparing to other HTPB-based PUAs as well as the oxygen-containing main chains, polyether- and polyester-based species. Furthermore, a series of formulas based on the H<sub>1</sub>-I were constructed, and the influence of monomer combinations was studied. The results demonstrated that a suitable combination of monomers could improve the tensile strength while maintaining the toughness compared with the pure resin, which enables the synthesized PUAs to have good application potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"23 4","pages":"2103 - 2110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PDMS-based nanocomposite superhydrophobic coating for enhanced self-cleaning and flashover prevention in high-voltage porcelain insulators 基于pdms的纳米复合超疏水涂层用于增强高压瓷绝缘子的自清洁和防闪络

IF 3.4 4区材料科学

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11998-025-01229-x

Anan Saenkhamai, Sitthisuntorn Supothina, Tanujjal Bora

{"title":"PDMS-based nanocomposite superhydrophobic coating for enhanced self-cleaning and flashover prevention in high-voltage porcelain insulators","authors":"Anan Saenkhamai, Sitthisuntorn Supothina, Tanujjal Bora","doi":"10.1007/s11998-025-01229-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-025-01229-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A superhydrophobic self-cleaning surface coating composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), zinc oxide (ZnO), and fluorosilane is reported here for porcelain-based high-voltage electrical insulators enhancing their flashover prevention properties. The composite coating was directly applied on the porcelain surface using a simple spray technique that exhibited a water contact angle of 158° with a sliding angle less than 1°. By varying the ratios of PDMS and ZnO, the optimized coating demonstrated strong resistance to chemical degradation, good stability under UV exposure, and anti-biofouling properties, and it showed excellent resistance against degradation caused by tracking and erosion under severe conditions. The dielectric strength of the coating was measured as approximately 35.8 ± 0.6 kV/mm following ASTM D150 and IEC 60250 standards indicating that the superhydrophobic coating, even when exposed to water, maintains its insulating properties nearly equivalent to those of a dry surface. Further, a low dielectric loss exhibited by the developed coating suggested its minimal energy dissipation, a key characteristic that makes the coating particularly suitable for high-voltage insulation applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"23 4","pages":"1975 - 1988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin gelatin enriched with ferulic acid to tuna (Thunnus albacares) fillets 富阿魏酸罗非鱼鱼皮明胶在金枪鱼鱼片上的应用

IF 3.4 4区材料科学

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11998-025-01241-1

Jacqueline de Melo Lima Rios, Sara Monaliza Sousa Nogueira, Davi Araujo Cerqueira, Kamila Freitas de Paiva, Francisco Ikaro Xavier de Sousa, Diego Alves do Vale, Karolina Costa de Sousa, Francisco Edmar Moreira de Lima Neto, Antônio Glaydson Lima Moreira, Men de Sá Moreira Souza-Filho, Bartolomeu Warlene Silva de Souza

{"title":"Application of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin gelatin enriched with ferulic acid to tuna (Thunnus albacares) fillets","authors":"Jacqueline de Melo Lima Rios, Sara Monaliza Sousa Nogueira, Davi Araujo Cerqueira, Kamila Freitas de Paiva, Francisco Ikaro Xavier de Sousa, Diego Alves do Vale, Karolina Costa de Sousa, Francisco Edmar Moreira de Lima Neto, Antônio Glaydson Lima Moreira, Men de Sá Moreira Souza-Filho, Bartolomeu Warlene Silva de Souza","doi":"10.1007/s11998-025-01241-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-025-01241-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to investigate the use of gelatin extracted from tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) skin as a coating for preserving tuna (<i>Thunnus albacares</i>) fillets. The gelatin was extracted through a thermal process, followed by neutralization and freeze-drying, resulting in a material with antioxidant and antibacterial potential due to the addition of ferulic acid. The tuna fillets were subjected to two treatments: a control, without coating, and another coated with a solution of 1% gelatin, 0.5% glycerol, and 0.5% ferulic acid. The samples were stored under refrigeration and evaluated at 5-day intervals through physicochemical (pH, total volatile base nitrogen—TVB-N, trimethylamine nitrogen—TMA-N, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances—TBARS) and microbiological analyses. The results showed that the gelatin coating provided a significant reduction in the deterioration of tuna fillets, evidenced by lower pH and TVB-N values, as well as a lower count of psychrotrophic bacteria compared to the control group. This study highlights the feasibility of using tilapia gelatin as a sustainable and effective alternative for preserving fish, helping reduce waste in the fish processing industry and promoting food safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"23 4","pages":"2047 - 2059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smart hBN/epoxy vitrimer coating with distinct mechanisms for thermally activated self-repair and corrosion protection 智能hBN/环氧玻璃体涂层具有独特的热激活自修复和腐蚀保护机制

IF 3.4 4区材料科学

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11998-025-01235-z

Nurul Fatihah Norapandi, Rasidi Roslan, Nurjannah Salim, Kwok Feng Chong, Nurul Huda Abu Bakar

{"title":"Smart hBN/epoxy vitrimer coating with distinct mechanisms for thermally activated self-repair and corrosion protection","authors":"Nurul Fatihah Norapandi, Rasidi Roslan, Nurjannah Salim, Kwok Feng Chong, Nurul Huda Abu Bakar","doi":"10.1007/s11998-025-01235-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-025-01235-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Smart coatings that integrate distinct mechanisms for thermally activated self-repair and corrosion protection offer an advanced strategy to enhance the durability of metallic structures. In this study, an epoxy vitrimer matrix was modified with 2-aminophenyl disulfide (2-APD) hardener to introduce dynamic disulfide bond exchange, enabling reversible network rearrangement under heat activation. However, coatings containing only 2-APD exhibited limited corrosion resistance due to insufficient barrier performance. To address this limitation, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) was incorporated at varying concentrations (0.5–1.5 wt%) as a multifunctional nanofiller to reinforce the barrier layer and support heat distribution during the repair process. The EP/APD–1 hBN coating achieved the highest self-repair efficiency of 88% and exhibited improved hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The corrosion rate decreased by 94%, from 8.79 × 10<sup>−4</sup> to 0.50 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm/yr, compared to the epoxy vitrimer without hBN. These findings confirm that hBN and dynamic disulfide bonds operate through distinct yet complementary mechanisms, yielding a smart coating with heat-activated self-repair and superior corrosion protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"23 4","pages":"1989 - 2002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data-driven electrode processing cost optimization for lithium-ion battery production 数据驱动的锂离子电池电极加工成本优化

IF 2.8 4区材料科学

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11998-025-01214-4

Marcel Roy B. Domalanta, Reymark D. Maalihan, Eugene B. Caldona

{"title":"Data-driven electrode processing cost optimization for lithium-ion battery production","authors":"Marcel Roy B. Domalanta, Reymark D. Maalihan, Eugene B. Caldona","doi":"10.1007/s11998-025-01214-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-025-01214-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are central to the global transition toward decarbonization, powering electric vehicles and grid-scale storage. Yet, reducing production costs remains a critical challenge as industries scale to meet projected demands exceeding 6 TWh by 2030. This study examines the cost sensitivity of mixing, coating, and drying steps, which together account for over 20% of overall production costs and are among the most defect-prone in electrode fabrication. Existing techno-economic models often treat these steps in aggregate, obscuring the impact of specific parameter variations. Using the process-based ProZell cost model and a Plackett–Burman design of experiments, we show that optimizing key parameters can reduce costs by up to $22 million annually (~2.0%) in a 10 GWh lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cylindrical cell facility. Cathode mixing time was the most influential variable, with an 80% reduction corresponding to ~ $12 million in savings (~1.12%). Increasing anode and cathode coating speeds by 80% yields ~ $8.8 million in combined savings. Emerging innovations, including dry electrode and high-shear mixing, offer additional savings. BatPaC modeling identified cathode thickness limits of 310.3 µm (LFP) and 168.8 µm (nickel manganese cobalt), beyond which optimization is constrained. These findings offer actionable insights for scalable, chemistry-specific cost reductions in LIB manufacturing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"23 3","pages":"1133 - 1148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11998-025-01214-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147757177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrosion-resistant research of a high-performance urushiol-based coating based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes 多壁碳纳米管漆酚基高性能涂层的耐腐蚀研究

IF 2.8 4区材料科学

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11998-025-01207-3

Qiang Xiao, Zhenchuan Zhang, Jiaming Hou, Hui Xiao, Yuzhu Chen

{"title":"Corrosion-resistant research of a high-performance urushiol-based coating based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes","authors":"Qiang Xiao, Zhenchuan Zhang, Jiaming Hou, Hui Xiao, Yuzhu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11998-025-01207-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-025-01207-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long drying times and poor corrosion resistance of urushiol-based coatings remain major roadblocks to large-scale and real-world application. In order to solve the above problems, a composite urushiol-based coating with short drying time, excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties was prepared by modifying the coatings with Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions, methyl cellulose (MC) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Among these materials, as added the amino-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub>) exhibited the most efficacious modification effect (content was 0.3 wt.%). The corrosion potential, corrosion current and impedance of the best composite coating were − 506.68 mV, 1.77 × 10<sup>-10</sup> A cm<sup>-2</sup> and 3.91 × 10<sup>7</sup> kΩ cm<sup>-2</sup>, respectively. In addition, the formation of Fe-O bonds, C-N bonds, and van der Waals forces enables the composite coatings to have the greatest physical and mechanical properties and thermal stability. Concurrently, the drying time, pencil hardness and impact resistance were 20 min, 4 H and 55 cm, respectively. This study provides a new reference and technical basis for future research on corrosion-resistant nature coatings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"23 3","pages":"1631 - 1646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147757211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of UV-curable urethane acrylate–TiO2 hybrid films with enhanced refractive index and optical clarity via sol–gel and surface modification 通过溶胶-凝胶和表面改性合成具有增强折射率和光学清晰度的紫外固化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯- tio2杂化膜

IF 3.4 4区材料科学

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11998-025-01225-1

Kuan Liang Liu, Jin Lin Han, Kuo Huang Hsieh

{"title":"Synthesis of UV-curable urethane acrylate–TiO2 hybrid films with enhanced refractive index and optical clarity via sol–gel and surface modification","authors":"Kuan Liang Liu, Jin Lin Han, Kuo Huang Hsieh","doi":"10.1007/s11998-025-01225-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-025-01225-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The UV-curable multi-functional urethane acrylate resin (MUA) was prepared through a condensation reaction using isophorone diisocyanate and pentaerythritol triacrylate. The TiO<sub>2</sub> was synthesized via a non-aqueous sol-gel process and then modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate not only to contain hydrophobic groups for increased compatibility with MUA resin but also to enhance the refractive index of the resins. Traditional composite materials have a bi-component structure, combining organic and inorganic components. The interaction at the organic-inorganic interface mainly relies on physical forces like van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding, which are relatively weak compared to covalent or ionic bonds. Consequently, the mechanical properties of these materials depend on the interface strength and the contact area between the organic and inorganic components. In contrast, hybrid materials differ from composite materials in combining organic and inorganic substances at the nanometer scale, creating a molecular-level composite material. Combining van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and chemical bonding, hybrid materials overcome the macroscopic phase separation observed in traditional composite materials. This allows them to exhibit the characteristics of both organic and inorganic materials, meeting the requirements for high-performance materials. The highest refractive index of the organic–inorganic hybrid material can reach 1.71.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"23 4","pages":"1939 - 1946"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The potential of “click” chemistry in coating applications: a short review “点击”化学在涂层应用中的潜力：简要综述

IF 2.8 4区材料科学

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11998-025-01206-4

Ikhlas Gadwal, Anandkumar Shivarkar

引用次数: 0

Tailoring adhesion in paints: synthesis and characterization of poly(vinyl acetate-co-2-ethylhexyl acrylate) copolymers using silane promoters 涂料中的剪裁附着力：使用硅烷促进剂的聚（醋酸乙烯-co-2-乙基丙烯酸己酯）共聚物的合成和表征

IF 3.4 4区材料科学

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Pub Date : 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11998-025-01250-0

Rukhsana Ashraf, Nyla Amjed, Muhammad Amir, Noha Said Bedowr, Haseeb Ur Rehman, Sarfraz Ali Ishaq, Asima sadique, Adil Alshoaibi, Tahir Rasheed

{"title":"Tailoring adhesion in paints: synthesis and characterization of poly(vinyl acetate-co-2-ethylhexyl acrylate) copolymers using silane promoters","authors":"Rukhsana Ashraf, Nyla Amjed, Muhammad Amir, Noha Said Bedowr, Haseeb Ur Rehman, Sarfraz Ali Ishaq, Asima sadique, Adil Alshoaibi, Tahir Rasheed","doi":"10.1007/s11998-025-01250-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-025-01250-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work explores the role of silane modifiers vinyl trimethoxy silane (VTMS) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (3-TMSPMA) in tailoring the structure and performance of vinyl acetate–2-ethylhexyl acrylate (VAc–2EHA) copolymer emulsions. The silanes were incorporated either during polymerization or through post-addition to assess their influence on network formation and film durability. The prepared latexes showed approximately 50 wt.% solid content referred to as nonvolatile monomers (NVM) and remained colloidally stable. Spectroscopic analysis verified the integration of silane functional groups into the polymer chains. Thermal evaluations confirmed that VTMS produced the most thermally stable and well-crosslinked structure, while differential scanning and dynamic mechanical analyses indicated a denser yet flexible polymer network. Surface and stability studies demonstrated that silane addition during polymerization resulted in smaller, smoother and more hydrophobic particles providing superior resistance to water absorption and better film uniformity. By contrast post-added silanes showed limited bonding efficiency and reduced network compactness. The findings highlight that in situ incorporation of VTMS offers the most effective approach for achieving durable water resistant and thermally stable films suitable for high-performance waterborne coatings.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"23 4","pages":"2155 - 2173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148519387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0