Journal of Cluster Science最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical Determination of Capsaicin at A Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/CuO Nanocomposite Modified Platinum Electrode","authors":"Onkarabile G. Pooe,&nbsp;Saheed E. Elugoke,&nbsp;Gloria E. Uwaya,&nbsp;Omolola E. Fayemi","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02767-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02767-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, electrochemical detection of capsaicin (CAP) in sauce and rub samples at a Pt electrode modified with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) incorporated with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs) was reported. The spectroscopic and microscopic characterization of CuO NPs, fMWCNTs and CuO/fMWCNTs nanocomposite with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed that CuO/fMWCNTs was prepared from the nanomaterials. Electrochemical characterization of the bare Pt, the fMWCNTs-modified Pt, the CuO NP-modified Pt (Pt-CuO) and the CuO/fMWCNTs composite modified Pt (Pt-CuO/fMWCNTs) electrodes revealed that the Pt-CuO/fMWCNTs exhibited the best electron transfer capabilities. The limit of detection (LOD) and the linear range of CAP at Pt-CuO/fMWCNTs were 0.0881 and 0.357–2.73 µM, respectively. The proposed sensor offered outstanding percentage recovery of 106 and 102% when applied to the electroanalysis of CAP in spiked sauce and rub samples, respectively. Pt-CuO/fMWCNTs also retained about 88% of its initial current response when subjected to 25 cyclic voltammetry (CV) scans in the presence of CAP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10876-025-02767-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye by Nickel Sulphide Nanoparticles Derived from Thiosemicarbazone Complexes as Single Source Precursors","authors":"Jocelyn N. Kuate,&nbsp;Adrien Y. Pamen,&nbsp;Awawou G. Paboudam,&nbsp;Giscard Doungmo,&nbsp;Mariappan Mariappan,&nbsp;Monisha Arumugam,&nbsp;Rohan K. Kunkalekar,&nbsp;Viorel Cîrcu,&nbsp;Marilena Ferbinteanu,&nbsp;Sunder N. Dhuri,&nbsp;Peter T. Ndifon","doi":"10.1007/s10876-024-02755-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-024-02755-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nickel sulphide (NiS) with its low band gap and interesting optical properties, is able to absorb visible light, thus possess appreciable photocatalytic properties. However, their synthesis by green and sustainable methods with controlled morphologies, sizes and phases for specific applications remains a major challenge. We herein report the green synthesis of olive oil- (OO) and castor oil-(CO) capped Ni_xS_y nanoparticles by the thermolysis of [Ni(L)₂] <b>(1)</b> and [Ni₂(L)₃(SCN)].6H₂O <b>(2)</b> complexes as single source precursors (SSPs) at 190 °C and 230 °C, (L being furan-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone). The single crystal X-ray structure of compound <b>(1)</b> has been elucidated. The influence of reaction parameters on the structure, morphology, size, optical and photocatalytic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles Has been examined using various techniques. Results of powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD) reveal a mixture of hexagonal Ni₁₇S₁₈ and orthorhombic Ni₉S₈ nanomaterials. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition of Ni_xS_y nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed spherical and fibrous nanoparticles with sizes ranging between 3.0 and 25.3 nm. Optical properties of Ni_xS_y nanoparticles. The band gap energies obtained from Tauc plots vary between 2.25 and 2.49 eV and 2.29–2.50 eV for NixSy nanoparticles derived from complex <b>(1)</b> and complex <b>(2)</b> respectively and show considerable blue shift from its bulk value due to quantum size confinement effect. The presence of peaks around 1390 and 1561 cm^-1 in the Raman spectra confirm the formation of olive and castor oil capped nickel sulphide nanoparticles (NPs). These results suggest that crystallinity, size, morphology and optical properties of the synthesized Ni_xS_y NPs were affected by thermolysis temperature, capping agent and precursor type. The as-prepared nickel sulphide nanoparticles were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) at a concentration of 10 ppm under UV light irradiation. Nickel sulphide nanoparticles obtained in olive oil at 190 °C using complex <b>(2)</b> as SSP, showed a maximum degradation efficiency of 52.0% after 180 min, suggesting that Ni_xS_y nanoparticles can be used as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cytotoxic Effect of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticle Conjugated by Menthol on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line and Evaluation of the Expression of CASP8 and FEZF1-AS1","authors":"Niloofar Faraji,&nbsp;Nabeel Rahi Mashkoor,&nbsp;Alireza Emamifar,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ghamarsoorat,&nbsp;Zahra Pourahmad Ghalehjoughi,&nbsp;Fahimeh Abedini Bajgiran,&nbsp;Parastoo Vakili Nezami,&nbsp;Mohammad Hedayati,&nbsp;Ali Salehzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s10876-024-02757-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-024-02757-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant health challenge, driving the search for novel treatments, and nanoparticles have been introduced as a practical component for better patient outcomes. This study explored the cytotoxic effects of cobalt oxide nanoparticles combined with menthol (Co₃O₄@Glu-Menthol) on CRC cells by assessing the expression of caspase-8 (<i>CASP8</i>) and <i>FEZF1-AS1</i> genes. Co₃O₄@Glu-Menthol nanoparticles were synthesized by mixing cobalt nitrate with sodium hydroxide and were surface functionalized with glucose and menthol coating. Characterization of nanoparticles was assessed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, apoptosis/necrosis evaluation via Annexin V/Propidium Iodide assay, and caspase-8 (<i>CASP8</i>) and <i>FEZF1-AS1</i> genes expression by qRT-PCR after RNA extraction of CRC cell line, cDNA synthesis, and primer design from both treated and untreated cells. Also, Hoechst staining was performed to characterize the anticancer mechanism of Co₃O₄@Glu-Menthol NPs. The synthesized NPs were spherical, within a 30–60 nm size range, and without impurities. The particles’ DLS size and zeta potential were 175 nm and − 41.1 mV, respectively. MTT assay showed that the IC₅₀ values of NP were 149 µg/mL and 87 µg/mL for 24 and 48 h, respectively, for CRC cell line and 320 µg/mL for normal cell line. Flow cytometry showed significant differences in apoptosis and necrosis between treated and untreated groups. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant increase in <i>CASP8</i> gene expression (2.4 fold) and a decrease in <i>FEZF1-AS1</i> gene expression (0.4 fold), indicating apoptotic effects (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Also, Caspase 3 activity was significantly increased in treated cells (6.2 fold) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The study suggested that Co₃O₄@Glu-Menthol nanoparticles possess potent anticancer properties against CRC cells, potentially through induction of apoptosis and modulation of gene expression related to apoptosis pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Delivery of Paclitaxel-Coated ZIF-8 Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Enhanced in Vitro Administration in Liver Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"Xinhua Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Wu,&nbsp;Liqin Ruan,&nbsp;Weili Chen,&nbsp;Ningbo Fang,&nbsp;Zhaoping Wu,&nbsp;Hechun Liu,&nbsp;Jianhua Deng","doi":"10.1007/s10876-024-02739-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-024-02739-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Liver cancer is a major global health challenge, ranking as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In this study, we explore the use of paclitaxel-coated ZIF-8 metal-organic framework nanoparticles (ZIF-8 NPs/Pacx) as a novel drug delivery system for enhanced liver cancer treatment. A comprehensive set of analyses, including morphology evaluation, particle size distribution, zeta potential measurement, drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and In vitro drug release behavior, was conducted to assess the nanoparticles’ performance. The ZIF-8 NPs/Pacx demonstrated significant antitumor activity at a concentration of 75 µg/mL, particularly against HepG2 and Hep3B liver cancer cell lines. RT-PCR analysis revealed that ZIF-8 NPs/Pacx stimulated TNF-α expression in HepG2, Hep3B, and normal liver cells (NLCs), with further confirmation through Western blot analysis of TNF-α and β-actin levels. Notably, the nanoparticles exhibited the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in liver cancer cells. These findings suggest that ZIF-8 NPs/Pacx could offer an innovative approach for the delivery of paclitaxel to liver cancer cells, maximising treatment effectiveness with minimal side effects, and positioning this system as a promising candidate for future liver cancer treatments.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite for Enhanced Applications as Antibacterial, Antifungal and Aflatoxin B1 Adsorption","authors":"Muhammad Asif Asghar,&nbsp;Farman Ahmed,&nbsp;Abdur Rehman Qamar,&nbsp;Kehkashan Khan,&nbsp;Anila Anwar","doi":"10.1007/s10876-024-02760-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-024-02760-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study was designed to synthesize of chitosan (CS) by shrimp shells and grafted with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in-situ precipitation method. The physical features of nanomaterials were studied using SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The CS/Zn nanocomposite was crystalline, spherical with 12−18 nm in size. Nanocomposite's antibacterial and antifungal activity was evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacterial strains and <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>parasiticus</i> fungal strains, respectively. Additionally, the adsorbent's capacity of nanocomposite was examined with aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). Each nanomaterial shows the significant antibacterial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli.</i> The MI values for CS, Zn-NPs and CS/Zn nanocomposite were found to be 256, 128 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. Whereas, the growth of <i>A. flavus, A</i>. <i>parasiticus</i> and the AFB₁ production was inhibited at 5 mg/mL of CS/Zn nanocomposite. Adsorption capacities of ZnO-NPs, CS and CS/Zn nanocomposite were found to be 12.4, 64.5 and 150.4 ng/mg, respectively, as calculated by the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic and kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In conclusion, the synthesis of CS/Zn is simple, efficient, non-toxic, sustainable, energy-effective and useful as an alternative antibacterial, antifungal and as an AFB₁ detoxification agent in human and animal food.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Functionalized with Ellagic Acid: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties and Effect on the Expression of Biofilm Related Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Hannaneh Karimi,&nbsp;Seyedeh Tooba Shafighi,&nbsp;Leila Asadpour,&nbsp;Ali Salehzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s10876-024-02763-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-024-02763-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biofilm formation contributes to drug-resistant phenotype in <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. In patients with cystic fibrosis, the biofilm made by <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, which is mainly alginate, causes resistance to phagocytosis, as well as increased antibiotic resistance and chronicity of the disease. This work aimed to synthesize Zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with (3-Chloropropyl) trimethoxysilane (CPTMS) and conjugated with ellagic acid (EA) (ZnO@CPTMS-EA NPs) and characterize their effects on <i>P. aeruginosa</i> growth and expression of some biofilm-related genes. Planktonic growth inhibition was investigated by broth microdilution method, and the antibiofilm property was evaluated by crystal violet staining assay. The effects of ZnO@CPTMS-EA NPs on the expression of the <i>algD</i>, <i>pelA</i> and <i>pslA</i> genes were studied by real-time PCR assay. The synthesized ZnO@CPTMS-EA NPs were spherical, in a size range of 17–35 nm and with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization that indicated correct synthesis of the particles. The zeta potential and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) size of the particles were − 14.1 mV and 191 nm, respectively and the particles showed thermal stability at temperatures up to 200 °C. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ZnO and EA for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains was 3.75 mg/mL, while ZnO@CPTMS-EA NPs inhibited bacterial growth at 0.11 mg/mL. Treatment of clinical <i>P. aeruginosa</i> with EA and ZnO NPs reduced biofilm formation to 92.2 and 58.0%, respectively, while treatment with ZnO@CPTMS-EA NPs decreased biofilm formation to 48.5%. Real-time PCR showed that treatment of clinical <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains with ZnO@CPTMS-EA NPs significantly reduced the expression of the <i>algD</i>, <i>pelA</i> and <i>pslA</i> to 0.43, 0.57 and 0.60 folds, respectively, which were significantly lower than in EA-treated bacteria. This work reports antibiofilm properties of ZnO@CPTMS-EA NPs, which can be largely used to prevent nosocomial infections caused by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in the disinfection of hospital instruments and equipment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Delivery of Curcumin and Quercetin: Enhanced Skin Permeation and Cytotoxicity Against A375 Melanoma Cells","authors":"Parmida Zahedi,&nbsp;Pedram Ebrahimnejad,&nbsp;Mohammad Seyedabadi,&nbsp;Amirhossein Babaei","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02769-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02769-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Melanoma, the most aggressive skin cancer, requires novel and effective treatment strategies. This study developed an optimized mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based system for the delivery of curcumin and quercetin, two polyphenolic compounds with anticancer properties, to enhance their transdermal delivery. MSNs were synthesized using the sol-gel method and optimized via a Box-Behnken design, resulting in nanoparticles with an average size of 172.92 ± 23.74 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.291 ± 0.026. Drug entrapment efficiencies were 46.25 ± 3.55% for curcumin and 50.35 ± 4.65% for quercetin. In vitro drug release showed sustained profiles, with 8.49 ± 0.80% of curcumin and 12.87 ± 1.27% of quercetin released over 24 h. Ex vivo skin permeation studies revealed a 2.6-fold and 2.25-fold increase in permeation for curcumin and quercetin, respectively, compared to free drugs. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated enhanced efficacy of the co-delivered MSNs formulations, with IC₅₀ values of 91.351 ± 6.114 µM for curcumin-loaded MSNs and 163.313 ± 12.880 µM for quercetin-loaded MSNs against A375 melanoma cells, significantly lower than those of their free drug counterparts. These findings suggest that MSN-based delivery systems offer a promising strategy for the topical treatment of melanoma by improving drug permeation and therapeutic efficacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper-Enriched Co₃O₄/MoS₂ Nanocomposites for Superior Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue under Visible Light","authors":"Udhayakeerthana Chinnathambi,&nbsp;Roshan Chandrapal,&nbsp;Aiswarya R,&nbsp;Baskaran Palanivel,&nbsp;T. Kalaivani","doi":"10.1007/s10876-024-02764-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-024-02764-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, the focus on building a sustainable living environment has shifted to two key goals: providing clean water and increasing the use of renewable energy. Photocatalytic processes are a possible alternative since photocatalysts are extremely successful at water purification and producing renewable energy sources. This study focuses on developing a sustainable photocatalyst for environmental remediation by synthesizing copper-doped Co₃O₄ nanoparticles on MoS₂ nanosheets using co-precipitation method. For the first time, we report a visible-light-driven photocatalyst of Cu–Co₃O₄/MoS₂ nanocomposite for photo-Fenton-like degradation activity. The structural, morphological, surface chemical, and optical properties of the samples were deeply analyzed. The results show a significant improvement in photocatalytic performance, achieving a <b>98%</b> degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light in <b>60 minutes.</b> The enhanced efficiency is attributed to the synergistic effect of Cu–Co₃O₄ and MoS₂, which improves charge separation, increases active sites, and facilitates electron transfer. This makes the nanocomposite a promising solution for sustainable environmental remediation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivity of Labile Triosmium Complexes, [Os3(CO)10(MeCN)2] and [Os3(CO)10(µ-H)2] with Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide (Disulfiram)","authors":"Nikhil C. Bhoumik,&nbsp;Md. Nazmul Huda,&nbsp;Vladimir N. Nesterov,&nbsp;Graeme Hogarth,&nbsp;Shariff E. Kabir,&nbsp;Jagodish C. Sarker","doi":"10.1007/s10876-024-02749-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-024-02749-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reactions of the anti-alcohol drug disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulphide = Et₄TDS) with low valent triosmium complexes are described. Room temperature reaction with [Os₃(CO)₁₀(MeCN)₂], affords three new open polynuclear clusters, [Os₃(CO)₁₀(S₂CNEt₂)₂] (<b>1</b>), [Os₄(CO)₁₂{µ₃-η¹(C),<i>κ</i>²(O,O)-CO₂}(S₂CNEt₂)(µ-S₂CNEt₂)] (<b>2</b>) and [Os₃(CO)₉(µ₃-SCNEt₂){µ-SC(O)NEt₂}] (<b>3</b>) together with the known mononuclear complex <i>cis-</i>[Os(CO)₂(S₂CNEt₂)₂] (<b>4</b>). All result from oxidative-addition of disulfiram to the triosmium centre, with <b>2</b> also capturing CO₂, while cluster <b>3</b> has undergone further C–S bond scission and partial oxidation of one of the generated thiocarboxamide ligands. With [Os₃(CO)₁₀(µ-H)₂], complexes <b>1</b> and <b>4</b> are also formed along with previously reported [Os₃(CO)₁₀(µ-S₂CNEt₂)(µ-H)] (<b>5</b>), [Os₃(CO)₉(µ₃-S₂CNEt₂)(µ-H)] (<b>6</b>), and the new cluster, [Os₃(CO)₉(µ-S₂CNEt₂)(µ-H)] (<b>8</b>), which is an isomer of <b>6</b>. The product distribution is rationalized by completing pathways following the oxidative-addition of disulfiram. Thus, reductive-elimination of H₂ affords <b>1</b>, which in turn converts to <b>4</b>, while reductive-elimination of the (unstable) dithiocarbamic acid, Et₂NCS₂H, leads to the formation of <b>5</b>, which can further lose CO to afford isomers <b>6</b> and <b>8</b>. Heating disulfiram with [Os₃(CO)₁₂] at 110 °C predominantly affords <b>4</b>, together with smaller amounts of the novel trithiocarbamate complex, <i>cis-</i>[Os(CO)₂(S₂CNEt₂)(S₃CNEt₂)] (<b>9</b>). All the compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, together with single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of six molecules.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanocarrier-Mediated Enhancement of Fusidic Acid’s Anti-bacterial Activity: A Comparative Analysis of Its Niosomal and Liposomal Delivery Systems","authors":"Mujeeb ur Rehman,&nbsp;Seema Inayat,&nbsp;Hafiza Arsala,&nbsp;Saadat Hussain,&nbsp;Shagufta Noreen,&nbsp;Fakhar Ud Din,&nbsp;Rukesh Maharjan","doi":"10.1007/s10876-024-02746-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-024-02746-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biofilms are group of bacteria that are protected by a slimy layer. These biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics than individual bacteria which are the basic building blocks of biofilms. Researchers are actively introducing new treatments that are supposed to be more efficient in fighting biofilms and to be less toxic to the patient than the conventional antibiotics. Here in this study we propose the development of Fusidic acid (FA) loaded liposomes and niosomes to improve the anti-bacterial activity <i>in-vitro</i> against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains. The designed niosomes and liposomes of FA were smaller in size ranging from 116.4 to 274.2 nm displaying homogeneity in terms of size distribution with PdI <span>(le 0.4)</span> 0 and zeta potential ranging from <span>(pm)</span> 20 to <span>(pm)</span> 60 mV. The nanoparticles were stable for 30 days irrespective of the storage condition, 4 °C and Room temperature. SEM analysis confirmed spherical type nanoparticles and diameter of the nanoparticles were complementary with DLS (NanoZetaSizer) results. All types of nanoparticles showed higher entrapment of FA, particularly FA-Span-40 NPs showed %EE of 94%, rest of the nanoparticle showed %EE <span>(ge)</span> 85%. The niosomal and liposomal formulations of FA modified the biological behavior of the drug and provided better <i>in vitro</i> performance against <i>S. aureus</i> compared to the standard (FA). Span-40, Tween-20 and cationic liposomes MIC value (0.039–0.078 µg/mL) were effective and comparable with standard, FA (0.04 µg/mL). Furthermore, the effectiveness of antibacterial agents at a microscopic scale was carried out using AFM after contact of all the formulations with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains. Greater change in the structural and mechanical properties of bacterial cells was observed for FA loaded tween-20 niosomes, and cationic liposomes compared to control and standard FA showing efficacious antibacterial activity. The study demonstrates the designed nano formulations could be a useful strategy to enhance the efficacy of antimicrobials agents.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}