Journal of Cluster Science最新文献

{"title":"Solar Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye And Antibiotic Pollutants using Graphene Oxide Modified Manganese Nickel Ferrite Nanocomposite","authors":"Rashika Muralidharan,&nbsp;Julie Charles","doi":"10.1007/s10876-026-03058-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-026-03058-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mixed discharges of dye-containing effluents with antibiotic-laden wastewater results in the coexistence of dye and antibiotic pollutants in wastewater. Such diverse pollutants pose a significant environmental risk due to their toxicity, persistence and resistance to traditional treatment techniques. Improper wastewater treatment and the reuse of treated water for irrigation further contribute to the co-occurrence of such pollutants in natural water bodies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective, reusable, solar light-active and environmentally sustainable photocatalyst that can break down both dye and antibiotic contaminants. In this context, graphene oxide-modified manganese-nickel ferrite (GO/MNF) nanocomposites were synthesized via co-precipitation route and evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of both cresol red (CR) dye and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) antibiotic under solar light irradiation. Systematic variation of graphene oxide loading revealed that GO-40/MNF exhibited optimal photocatalytic performance, achieving degradation efficiencies of 93.8% for CR within 90 min and 91% for TCH within 120 min. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the successful incorporation of GO, leading to enhanced surface area, improved light absorption and suppressed charge-carrier recombination. Radical scavenging experiments identified photogenerated holes as the dominant reactive species, with hydroxyl and superoxide radicals contributing to pollutant degradation. The photocatalyst demonstrated moderate stability and acceptable reusability over five consecutive cycles. Phytotoxicity assessments using fenugreek seeds confirmed significant detoxification of treated solutions, indicating environmental safety. This study demonstrates GO/MNF as a promising photocatalyst for the removal of diverse organic pollutants from aquatic system due to the synergistic interface formed between GO and the mixed ferrite nanoparticles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemically Engineered 2D Reduced Graphene Oxide-Polythiophene Heterostructure for Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Uric Acid","authors":"Anita K. Tawade,&nbsp;Shivaji N. Tayade,&nbsp;Pallavi B. Jagdale,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar,&nbsp;Kiran Kumar K. Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10876-026-03077-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-026-03077-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical sensing offers a rapid and sensitive approach for detecting key biomarkers. We report the synthesis of a chemically engineered reduced graphene oxide-polythiophene (rGO-PTh) heterostructure in a modified swollen liquid crystalline lamellar mesophase (MSLCLM), for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) simultaneously. The MSLCLM, composed of cetylpyridinium chloride (CpCl) surfactants, was optimized with water, cyclohexane, and 1-pentanol to facilitate nanostructure composite formation. The rGO–PTh heterostructure, when drop-cast onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), exhibited well-defined and distinct oxidation peaks for dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) at 327 mV and 449 mV, respectively, enabling interference-free detection. The sensor showed a linear response toward DA in the concentration range of 0.013–0.117 µM with a correlation coefficient (R² = 0.99) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.006 µM. For UA, a linear range of 0.017–0.215 µM was obtained with an LOD of 0.010 µM (S/<i>N</i> = 3). Under simultaneous detection conditions, the sensor achieved LODs of 0.005 µM for DA and 0.013 µM for UA, with corresponding sensitivities of 105.62 and 3.51 A L mol^− 1 cm^− 2, respectively. The sensor exhibited excellent stability, retaining 90–100% of its response after one month. These findings highlight the rGO-PTh/SPCE system as a promising platform for clinical diagnostics and healthcare monitoring.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOF-Derived ZrO 2/COF/Carbon Composites for High-Performance Supercapacitor","authors":"Hani Nasser Abdelhamid","doi":"10.1007/s10876-026-03075-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-026-03075-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improvements in efficient electrode materials are crucial for improving the performance of electrochemical supercapacitors. This study integrated zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) with a melamine-based covalent organic framework (COF, denoted as MATFB) to develop hybrid electrode materials for energy storage applications. Two sources of ZrO₂ were analyzed: commercial ZrO₂ and ZrO₂ obtained from the Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF), i.e., UiO-66. The resulting composites were carbonized at 400, 600, and 800 °C to produce porous ZrO₂/C@COF materials with enhanced electrochemical properties. The electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCDC), and kinetic analysis employing the b-value and Dunn techniques. The ZrO₂@MATFB composite demonstrated an exceptional specific capacitance of around 306 F/g at 1 A/g, significantly exceeding that of MATFB (81 F/g) and UiO-66@MATFB (174 F/g). Carbonized composites demonstrated enhanced performance, with UiO-66@MATFB_600 offering specific capacitance of 199 F/g and ZrO₂@MATFB_800 achieving around 191 F/g at 1 A/g. Kinetic analysis revealed b-values between 0.69 and 0.87, signifying a hybrid charge-storage mechanism that combines surface-capacitive activity with diffusion-controlled processes. The findings suggest that ZrO₂/MATFB-derived carbon composites are promising candidates for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10876-026-03075-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging 2D Non-noble Transition Metal–Group 16 Element Catalysts for High-Performance Solar-Driven Hydrogen Production: A Critical Review","authors":"Riki Subagyo,&nbsp;Diah Amelia,&nbsp;Jonathan Angelo Ranamanggala,&nbsp;Virgitha Yustanari Kusuma Putri,&nbsp;Tiara Ashari,&nbsp;Chi Sin Tang,&nbsp;Aulia Sukma Hutama,&nbsp;Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri,&nbsp;Jizhou Jiang,&nbsp;Yuly Kusumawati,&nbsp;Arramel Arramel","doi":"10.1007/s10876-026-03059-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-026-03059-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photocatalytic hydrogen (H₂) production (PHP) is recognized as an advanced method for generating H₂ gas. The efficiency of PHP is mainly governed by the intrinsic nature of photocatalyst properties,. Two-dimensional (2D) photocatalysts, consisting of non-noble transition-metal as cation and group 16 elements as anion (including oxide, sulfide, and selenide), have demonstrated exceptional PHP performance due to their chemical stability, tunable band gaps, and abundance of active sites. Nevertheless, the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers in pristine 2D photocatalysts limits their overall activity. To address this, various modifications have been developed to enhance the activity of PHP, including facet and layered engineering, surface functionalization, doping, defect engineering, metal incorporation, and heterostructure formation. This critical review evaluates up-to-date synthesis strategies, ranging from traditional top-down exfoliations to advanced bottom-up growths, and elucidates how targeted modifications can synergize to overcome persistent efficiency barriers. Mechanistic insights are provided through advanced characterization techniques to detail the behavior of photogenerated charge carriers in enhancing the PHP process. Finally, this review outlines future research and key challenges in developing highly sustainable 2D photocatalytic systems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive Dopamine Oxidation–Deamination Enables Selective Fluorescent Detection of Nitrite Using MIL-101(Fe) nanozymes","authors":"Ramadan Ali,&nbsp;Abdullah S Albalawi,&nbsp;Farah M. Alatawi,&nbsp;Rawan A. Alanazi,&nbsp;Ashjan M. Alruwaili,&nbsp;Besan B. Albalawi,&nbsp;Bayan B. Albalawi,&nbsp;Maram M. Alkorbi,&nbsp;Turki A. Aljuaid,&nbsp;Yazan T. Almojmami,&nbsp;Riyadh S. Alotibi,&nbsp;Mohamed M. El-Wekil","doi":"10.1007/s10876-026-03074-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-026-03074-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reliable nitrite (NO₂⁻) detection is critical due to its toxicity, carcinogenic potential, and environmental relevance. In this study, MIL-101(Fe) nanozymes with dual oxidase-like and peroxidase-like activities were synthesized to develop a fluorescence-based NO₂⁻ sensing platform via DA-mediated oxidation. Mechanistic studies reveal that superoxide radicals (•O₂⁻) generated via the oxidase-like pathway are the primary reactive species (~ 80% contribution), while H₂O₂ plays an essential supporting role in regenerating Fe³⁺ active sites. Under catalytic conditions, DA reacts with 5, 7-dihydroxy-4-methyl-2 h-benzopyrane-2-one (DHMBP) to form a green-fluorescent azocine product (λₑₘ = 498 nm) with a high quantum yield (Φ = 78.5%) and fluorescence lifetime (τ₀ = 4.68 ns). In the presence of NO₂⁻, DA is diverted toward a deamination pathway, forming non-fluorescent 4-ethylcatechol (confirmed by HRMS) and inhibiting fluorescence. This competitive mechanism enables sensitive, selective NO₂⁻ quantification over a linear range of 0.1–320 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.033 µM (S/<i>N</i> = 3) and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.11 µM. The platform demonstrated excellent recoveries (96.0–105.0%) in real-world samples, including environmental water and food, with relative standard deviations (RSD &lt; 4.5%) and strong correlation with ion chromatography (t-test, <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The MIL-101(Fe) nanozyme exhibited remarkable reusability (&gt; 91% activity after 5 cycles) and storage stability (&gt; 95% activity for 10 days at 4 °C). This work presents a reliable, interference-resistant, and reusable approach for NO₂⁻ monitoring across diverse matrices, with potential for field-deployable applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PPy/Co₃O₄/MnO₂ Nanoarchitecture as a Biomedical Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Sulfamerazine Monitoring in Clinical and Environmental Matrices","authors":"Reem Darwesh","doi":"10.1007/s10876-026-03072-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-026-03072-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work establishes a robust biomedical electrochemical platform for point-of-care sulfamerazine (SFZ) monitoring (requiring low volume and miniaturized potentiostat) by engineering a hierarchical ternary nanocomposite of polypyrrole, cobalt oxide, and manganese dioxide (PPy/Co₃O₄/MnO₂) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The synergistic integration of the conductive PPy matrix with the electrocatalytic Co₃O₄ nanoparticles and high-surface-area MnO₂ nanorods was supported by through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. This unique architecture enhanced the electroactive surface area (0.172 cm²) and accelerated electron transfer kinetics, as evidenced by a low charge transfer resistance of 6.1 kΩ. The sensor facilitated an adsorption-controlled, irreversible oxidation of SFZ via a 2-electron, 2-proton transfer mechanism, confirmed by scan rate and pH studies. Under optimized Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) conditions, the sensor exhibited a wide linear range (1-100 µM), a sensitivity of 0.502 µA/µM, and low detection and quantification limits of 0.45 ± 0.03 µM and 0.98 ± 0.05 µM, respectively. The platform demonstrated exceptional selectivity against common interferents and structurally similar drugs, alongside outstanding stability (95.2% signal retention) and reproducibility (RSD &lt; 4.1%). Successful application in tap water, river water, and artificial urine yielded excellent recovery rates (97.1–103.4%), validating its potential for reliable SFZ detection in clinical and environmental monitoring.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Visible-Light Responsive Ultrathin BiOCl Nanosheets with Highly Exposed {110} Facets and Enriched Oxygen Vacancies for the Photocatalytic Abatement of Organic Pollutants","authors":"Manoj Pudukudy","doi":"10.1007/s10876-026-03076-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-026-03076-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A green, sustainable, low temperature hydrothermal method is reported for the facile, cost-effective, eco-friendly synthesis of ultrathin BiOCl nanosheets with exposed {110} facets and enriched oxygen vacancies for the first time, using seawater as a precipitant and universal solvent and aloe-vera gel as a structure-directing agent. No harsh chemicals and special synthetic conditions were employed in the present method and the prepared sample was completely characterized. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of tetragonal crystalline structure with highly exposed {110} facets. The two-dimensional nanosheet like surface morphology with an ultrathin lamellar structure was confirmed by the electron microscopic studies. The existence of high-density oxygen vacancies was validated by ESR characterization. The optical analysis indicated the visible light absorption of the BiOCl with a reduced band gap of 2.71 eV. The catalytic activity of the ultrathin BiOCl nanosheets was investigated for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and tetracycline pollutant in aqueous medium and the sample attained a highest degradation efficiency of 99.8% and 85% with a maximum TOC mineralization efficiency of 37.8% and 24.5% for methylene blue and tetracycline respectively. The enhanced catalytic activity could be attributed to the nano crystallite size, highly exposed {001} facets, ultrathin nanosheet like morphology with a lamellar structure, high-density oxygen vacancies, high specific-surface area, mesoporosity, enhanced visible light absorption with reduced band gap and high charge carrier separation efficiency with increased life time of charge carriers. The sample was effectively reused five times without losing activity in the successive runs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nano-diode Configuration on the Performance of rGO-based Sensors","authors":"Pradyumn,&nbsp;Partha Bir Barman,&nbsp;Anjan Sil,&nbsp;Surajit Kumar Hazra","doi":"10.1007/s10876-026-03067-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-026-03067-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reports (Pd or Ag)/rGO nano-diodes in Schottky configuration and investigate its influence on the recovery characteristics. Temperature-dependent sensing tests for H₂, CO, and CH₄ (1 to 500 ppm) showed distinct thermal fingerprint profiles for each analyte, which help to draw out the selectivity conclusions. The relatively better sensing characteristics of these gas sensing devices are due to the multi-Schottky barrier of nano diodes at the metal/semiconductor interface. These diodes operate in parallel electrical configuration. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of devices were examined to calculate the multi-barrier Schottky barrier height. A non-linear behavior observed with conventional Richardson plot, arising from the interfacial inhomogeneity and resulting in multiple Schottky barrier at the metal-rGO interface. This was effectively addressed by incorporating Gaussian distribution in the framework and the extracted SBH shows the close agreement with sensing results. The barrier variation was modeled to understand the solid-gas interaction. More importantly, the devices showed excellent humidity tolerance, long-term stability and repeatability, by sustaining consistent sensing performance even after a 180 days.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Qualitative Identification and Enhancement of Ozonation, Photocatalysis, and Photo-Ozonation by Layered Double Hydroxide and its Oxides for the Removal of Organic Micropollutants in Treated Municipal Wastewater in M’sila Region, Algeria","authors":"Ghania Radji,&nbsp;Abderrahmane Hiri,&nbsp;Rania Amiri,&nbsp;Fatah Ben Moussa,&nbsp;Nourredine Bettahar,&nbsp;Achour Dakhouche","doi":"10.1007/s10876-026-03071-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-026-03071-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigates the efficacy of CuAl materials derived from layered double hydroxides (LDH) in the advanced removal of organic matter and micropollutants (µP) in treated municipal wastewater from the M’sila region wastewater treatment plant, Algeria. The CuAl-CO₃ LDH material was synthesized by coprecipitation, then transformed by calcination at 500°C and 950°C to obtain the mixed CuO/γ-Al₂O₃ (CuAl-500) and spinel CuO/CuAl₂O₄ (CuAl-950) oxides, respectively. The materials were characterized by their textural, electrochemical, and surface properties, revealing marked differences in specific surface area, band gap, and pH_PZC. The catalytic performance of photocatalysis (UV), ozonation (O₃), and photo-ozonation (UV + O₃) processes was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand reduction and degradation of µP identified by GC-MS. The results highlight distinct catalytic behaviors depending on the treatment process. Under ozonation conditions, CuAl-CO₃ exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency due to its hydroxyl-rich surface and strong O₃ activation ability. In contrast, CuAl-500 showed superior performance under UV and UV/O₃ processes, owing to its optimized electronic conductivity, enhanced charge separation, and improved generation of reactive oxygen species <span>(left(HO^bullet/ O_2^{bullet-}right))</span>. The combined UV + O₃/CuAl-500 system achieved the highest mineralization and µP removal efficiency, together with improved energy efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal Synthesis of Arthrospira sp. derived Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles (FCNs) for Multifunctional Photocatalytic and Biomedical Applications","authors":"Asma Ajmal,&nbsp;Amber Jabeen,&nbsp;Javed Abbas,&nbsp;Zainab Naeem,&nbsp;Sohaib Ahmed,&nbsp;Abdul SamadMumtaz","doi":"10.1007/s10876-026-03068-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-026-03068-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The widespread contamination of water by industrial dyes and the increasing threat of drug-resistant pathogens present urgent environmental and biomedical challenges. Current remediation and antimicrobial strategies often suffer from inefficiency, high cost, and environmental toxicity. To address this, we developed a sustainable, dual-purpose Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles (FCNs) via a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis using <i>Arthrospira</i> (Spirulina) biomass. FCNs synthesis was confirmed with spectroscopic and microscopic techniques i.e. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential. UV, PL and FTIR indicate the presence of characteristic absorption peaks at 238 and 434 nm, excitation-dependent blue photoluminescence, and presence of characteristic functional groups (OH, C = O, C─O). The images of FESEM demonstrated a quasi-spherical morphology whereas zeta potential was − 13.10 mV, which highlights moderate stability. XRD identified a carbon-related reflection at 28.27° at the (100) plane and Scherrer analysis indicated a crystallite size of 26 ± 3.90 nm. The FCNs indicated remarkable photocatalytic efficiency, with 67.80% degradation of crystal violet in 120 min under visible light. Antioxidant activity was dose-dependent with significant scavenging activity of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC₅₀ = 74.90 µg/mL), Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (IC₅₀ = 132.10 µg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (IC₅₀ = 123 µg/mL). Moreover, enzyme inhibition assays indicated significant alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀= 136 µg/mL). The FCNs also exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against bacterial strains and antifungal potential against <i>Alternaria alternata</i> (IC₅₀= 155.40 µg/mL). They demonstrated good hemocompatibility (under 5% hemolysis at 90 µg/mL) and moderate cytotoxicity in brine shrimp assays (LC₅₀= 126 µg/mL). Further, there was mild dose-dependent protein kinase inhibition. Overall, this paper highlights <i>Arthrospira</i>-derived FCNs as an attractive green nanoplatform for combined environmental remediation and biomedical applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Graphical abstract illustrating synthesis of Arthrospira-mediated FCNs, Characterization and biological applications</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}