Journal of Cluster Science最新文献

{"title":"Study on the Structures and Properties of Molecular Clusters Sc6Sn (n = 1–12) and Their Anions with DFT Theory","authors":"Xinchun Wu,&nbsp;Zhaofeng Yang,&nbsp;Jucai Yang,&nbsp;Yaqing Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02779-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02779-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transition metal doped sulfur clusters have long been attracting great attention due to their unique structures and interesting physicochemical properties. In this work, the ground state configurations of molecular clusters Sc₆S_<i>n</i> (<i>n</i> = 1–12) and their anions are screened out by using the global search artificial bee colony (ABC) ABCluster combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The structural evolution pattern for neutral clusters can be described as follows: when <i>n</i> ≤ 8, the octahedral geometry of Sc₆ remains unchanged. As the number of S atoms increases, the S atoms attach onto different faces of the Sc₆ octahedron with a preference for attaching onto meta-faces, followed by para-faces, and finally the ortho-faces. When <i>n</i> ≥ 9, the Sc₆ octahedron transforms into a nearly planar six-membered ring. For anions, the structures differ significantly from their neutral counterparts when <i>n</i> ≥ 10. Their relative stabilities, HOMO-LUMO gaps, and electron affinities have been reported. Simulated photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), Infrared, and Raman spectra have been provided for their structural identification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Lignin-Chitosan-Iron Nanocomposite for Effective Removal of Aflatoxin B1 in Food and Feed Systems","authors":"Madeeha Jabeen,&nbsp;Suraiya Jabeen,&nbsp;Farman Ahmed,&nbsp;Muhammad Asif Asghar","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02784-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02784-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The consumption of <i>contaminated food</i> can lead to several diseases <i>in</i> humans and animals. Aflatoxins are one of the most emerging contaminants in food commodities. In this study, the surface of lignin nanoparticles was functionalized with chitosan (CS) and iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) using a novel, simple, cost-effective, and ecological method. The synthesized nanomaterials were tested to remove the aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) contamination. Lignin and CS were extracted from coconut coir and shrimp shell waste, respectively. Whereas, Fe-NPs were produced using black tea leaf extract. The structural elucidation of each nanomaterial was explained using UV-Vis spectroscopy, EDX, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis. These observations revealed that the produced nanomaterials were spherical with diameters ranging from 60 to 200 nm. The percent removal of AFB₁ was found in the following order: L-CS-Fe &gt; L-CS &gt; LNP &gt; L-Fe &gt; CS. The removal efficacy of L-CS-Fe was &gt; 95% using 1 mg/mL of adsorbent, AFB₁ 100 ng/mL, pH 5, at 37^oC in 75 min. Langmuir isotherm model was well aligned with a maximum adsorption capacity of 160.7 mg/g and monolayer coverage. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The L-CS-Fe remained reusable and retained its efficacy even after five measured cycles. In conclusion, L-CS-Fe exhibited excellent performance for AFB₁ removal due to its high adsorption and regeneration capability. In addition, it can be applied as a useful and safe adsorbent in naturally contaminated food/feedstuffs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Performance Thermoelectric Generators Based on Metal Oxides: A Mini Review","authors":"Ashutosh Patel,&nbsp;Suresh Kumar Patel","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02781-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02781-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermoelectric (TE) materials possess the ability to convert heat into electricity and harness wasted heat. To build high-performance TE devices, it is essential to focus on superior TE materials through various strategies. Advancing high-performance TE devices can expand the TE application market and stimulate further research in TE materials. The researchers should concentrate their strategies on enhancing electrical conductivity while preserving the Seebeck coefficient. This review highlights innovative strategies to achieve high-performance TE materials and discusses about the fabrication techniques to synthesize the best suitable metal oxide for commercial TE materials. In the present work many recent achievements in the field of metal oxide based TEs have also discussed. The future trend is to synergistically optimize and integrate all effective factors to enhance TE performance, making highly efficient TE materials and devices more beneficial in everyday life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Photocatalytic Efficiency for MB Dye Degradation Through Sol-Gel Synthesized ZrO2/Anatase-TiO2 Nanocomposites","authors":"Farshad Soleimani,&nbsp;Mohammad Bagher Rahmani","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02780-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02780-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Industrial development has led to water and environmental pollution, and semiconductor photocatalysis is being explored as a solution. However, current photocatalysts can be expensive, complex, and hazardous to synthesize. This research is driven by the development of a simple and economical approach of sol-gel for the synthesis of zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂)/ titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composites, aimed at enhancing their photocatalytic performance. The synthesized samples were characterized thoroughly. Electron microscope images displayed a porous worm-like morphology for the synthesized composites. The structural analysis confirmed that the composite samples contained ZrO₂/TiO₂ with TiO₂ had grown solely in the anatase phase. The mechanisms of electron-hole recombination and separation of charge carriers were discussed using photoluminescence (PL). The catalytic properties of the prepared samples were studied by methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 360 nm. By adding 25 mg of TiO₂ in 50 mg ZrO₂ (sample ZT3), the degradation rate of MB dye reached 63% in 80 min. This result demonstrated a notable improvement in the degradation rate, featuring a 50% improvement over the performance of intrinsic TiO₂. The obtained results have significant implications for the development of efficient and sustainable photocatalysts for environmental protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe3O4-Supported Triazine-Palladium(0): An Efficient and Recyclable Nanocatalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura and Denitrogenative Cross‑Coupling","authors":"Kiran James,&nbsp;Vishal Kandathil,&nbsp;Haritha Jalaja Raghavan,&nbsp;Narayanapillai Manoj","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02785-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02785-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work, a new magnetic nanoparticle-supported triazine-based palladium(0) (Tz@Fe₃O₄–Pd) was prepared by a facile multistep synthesis employing cost-effective chemicals. The Tz@Fe₃O₄–Pd nanomagnetic catalyst was characterized by various analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The nitrogen atoms contained on the triazine moiety primarily serve as the anchoring sites for the Pd nanoparticles, which are produced through polyol reduction. The synthesized nanomagnetic catalyst Tz@Fe₃O₄–Pd demonstrated excellent catalytic activity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and denitrogenative cross-coupling reactions under mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Due to its magnetic nature, the recovery of the Tz@Fe₃O₄–Pd was easy with an external magnet, and it showed good activity till ten recycles with no substantial decrease of activity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and till five recycles in denitrogenative cross-coupling reactions. The Tz@Fe₃O₄–Pd nanocatalyst can be further investigated due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, and great catalytic activity in a variety of cross-coupling reactions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Piezoelectricity of PVDF-BaTiO3 Nanofibers by Incorporation of ZnO Nanoparticles Fabricated Via Two-Way Electrospinning Technique","authors":"M. Fakhr Zakeri,&nbsp;M. Khodaei","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02786-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02786-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to fabricate lead-free PVDF-BaTiO₃ + ZnO and PVDF-BaTiO₃/PVDF-ZnO electrospun nanofibers to enhance the piezoelectric properties of PVDF-BaTiO₃ nanofibers through the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles and PVDF-ZnO nanofibers. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was utilized to examine the morphology, size, and formation of the nanofibers, revealing well-formed structures with a reduced average diameter. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to analyze and compare the content of β-phase in the nanofibers, indicating a higher β-phase content in both PVDF-BaTiO₃ + ZnO and PVDF-BaTiO₃/PVDF-ZnO electrospun nanofibers compared to PVDF-BaTiO₃ electrospun nanofibers alone. The piezoelectric performance, measured as an output voltage generated by the nanofibers under applied pressure using a custom device, demonstrated improved results when ZnO nanoparticles and PVDF-ZnO nanofibers were incorporated into the structure. The findings of this investigation suggest that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles and PVDF-ZnO nanofibers into PVDF-BaTiO₃ nanofibers leads to better piezoelectric composites, making them suitable for applications in energy harvesting and wearable electronic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxic Potential of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized with Syzygium cumini Leaf Extract","authors":"Haorongbam Joldy Devi,&nbsp;Prathiba Gnanasekaran,&nbsp;Arumugam Madan Kumar,&nbsp;Durairaj Siva,&nbsp;Yumnam Asha Devi","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02777-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02777-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study aimed to utilize ecofriendly synthesis to produce selenium nanoparticles using <i>Syzygium cumini</i> leaf extract (SC-SeNPs), and assessing their antibacterial, antifungal activity, and cytotoxic effects. The synthesized Sc-SeNPs were initially subjected to various characterization studies to explore its properties. UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy exhibited maximum absorption at 255 nm, while Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed synthesis by identifying functional groups. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis indicated a nanocrystalline structure, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) imaging showed spherical SC-SeNPs with an average size of 32 ± 11 nm. Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirmed Selenium (Se) presence in the nanoparticles (NPs). The SC-SeNPs exhibited antibacterial effectiveness against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 29213, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 27853, <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922 and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> NTCC 13439, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranging from 50 to 400 µg/ml and 100–800 µg/ml, respectively. Additionally, SC-SeNPs exhibited antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans</i> ATCC 10231, <i>Mucor sp.</i> ATCC 52912 and <i>A</i>spergillus <i>niger</i> ATCC 16888, with MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranging from 3.125 to 25 µg/ml and 3.125–50 µg/ml, respectively, displaying bactericidal and fungicidal effects against pathogens. In cytotoxicity test, there was significant reduction (p˂0.05) in cell viability compared to the control group after the concentration of 250 µg/ml. It showed low toxic effect with IC₅₀ value of 295 µg/ml on Vero cell lines. The findings suggest SC-SeNPs’ potential as antibacterial and antifungal agents.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing ZnBi2O4/g-C3N4 Hybrid Nanocomposite Decorated with Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity for Malachite Green Dye Removal","authors":"Kavitha Thangavelu,&nbsp;Gomathi Abimannan,&nbsp;Mohammad Altaf,&nbsp;Yedluri Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02771-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02771-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research work investigates designing the ZnBi₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ p–n heterojunction for efficient and sustainable environmental remediations. The bare and nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through one pot hydrothermal followed thermal decomposition technique. As prepared materials were characterized by various analytical techniques to examine the phase structural, vibrational modes, texture morphology and light behaviours through powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS). To investigate the photocatalytic activity of malachite green dye was utilized as artificial contaminants. The experimental outcomes revealed the established capacity of ZnBi₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites to light absorption wavelength (501 nm) and reduction of band gap (2.26 eV) facilitated a novel domain in organic pollutant removal which could be synergistic effect of the ZnBi₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ p–n heterojunction for augment the charge carrier separation and transportation. Moreover g-C₃N₄ enhance the life time of the photoinduced charge carriers decreased the recombination rate. ZnBi₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ p–n heterojunction nano composite achieved the highest degradation efficacy is 90 % compare to pristine materials ZnBi₂O₄ (77%), g-C₃N₄ (71%) of malachite green dye under visible light exposure in 100 min, with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.02101 min⁻¹. Notably, the catalyst demonstrated excellent cyclic stability over five cycles. All the positive aspects of findings suggest that ZnBi₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites possess to serve as a capable and multifaceted material for the energy and environmental applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Distinguishable Photophysical Properties, Photocatalytic Efficiency, Breakdown Financial Cost and Recycling Process of Pure and Doped SnO2 Quantum Dots Via Actual Natural Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Walied A. A. Mohamed,&nbsp;Sana Ben Moussa,&nbsp;Hala H. Abd El-Gawad,&nbsp;Hanan A. Mousa,&nbsp;Hala T. Handal,&nbsp;Hoda R. Galal,&nbsp;Ibrahem A. Ibrahem,&nbsp;Mona M. Fawzy,&nbsp;Mahmoud A. M. Ahmed,&nbsp;Ammar A. Labib,&nbsp;M. S. A. Abdel-Mottaleb","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02772-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02772-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study details the distinguishable sonochemical synthesis of titanium-doped and pure tin dioxide quantum dots (SnO₂Qs) and a comprehensive examination of their structures. XRD analyses affirmed the crystallinity and phase purity of the tetragonal SnO₂Qs, revealing crystallite sizes with average of 4.20 and 6.50 nm for SnO₂Q1 and SnO₂Q2, calcined at 290 and 490 °C, respectively. HRTEM imaging delineated spherical particles with 4.75 nm for SnO₂Q1 and 8.30 nm for SnO₂Q2. The energy band gap was determined as 3.31 eV for SnO₂Q1 and 3.37 eV for SnO₂Q2. Photocatalytic efficiency was estimated by photodegradation of Brilliant blue R dye under Xenon lamp light, where the rate constant for SnO₂Q1 was 11% higher than SnO₂Q2 owing to its smaller size by 35% and larger BET surface area by 21%. Also, solar irradiation, with SnO₂Q1 sustaining its photocatalytic activity across seven reuse cycles. An economic analysis, for the Brilliant blue R dye, the cost efficiency of photodegradation process in presence of SnO₂Q1 costly less than SnO₂Q2 cost from 25.07 to 26.24 $ while 2% Ti-doped Sn_0.098Ti_0.02O₂ (SnT1) was cheaper than 8% Ti-doped Sn_0.092Ti_0.09O₈ (SnT2). These findings underscore the exceptional photocatalytic efficiency and cost-effectiveness of SnO₂Qs samples as sustainable options for actual natural wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Degradation of Safranin Dye Using Silver/Zinc Oxide Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Dye-Resistant Bacterial Strains from Contaminated Sites: A Comparative Study","authors":"S. Shri Ranjini,&nbsp;Srimurali Sampath,&nbsp;Sumathi C. Samiappan,&nbsp;Anitha Arumugam,&nbsp;S. Uma Maheswari,&nbsp;Lakkakula Satish","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02775-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02775-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemically stable organic dyes like Safranin are less likely to be biodegradable and hardly get removed from wastewater through conventional treatment methods. The photocatalytic degradation and bacterial degradation of safranin dye were thoroughly investigated in this study. Four various bacteria isolated from dye-contaminated soil were used for decolourization. Those isolates were characterized and subjected to degraded Safranin at optimized conditions. This study aims to prepare unique, cheap, eco-friendly and bi-metallic Ag/ZnO NPs for the degradation of safranin dye, an important component in textile wastewater. In pursuit of this objective, bi-metallic Ag/ZnO nanoparticles were fabricated for the first time using <i>Plectranthus amboinicus</i> leaf extracts. The FT-IR spectra showed the role of the functional groups in <i>P.amboinicus</i> for the formation of Ag/ZnO NPs such as routine compounds. The synthesized PA-Ag/ZnO nanoparticles exhibited a zeta potential of − 16.4 mV, indicating high stability. The UV-visible spectrum showed absorption peaks at 204.81 and 216.73 nm wavelengths. The obtained PA-Ag/ZnO NPs were investigated as a nanocatalyst for safranin degradation. Its phytochemicals influenced the shape, size, stability, surface area, surface energy and photocatalytic activity. To confirm the formation of Ag/ZnO NPs, FT-IR, XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential, SEM and TEM were performed. The photocatalytic degradation of Safranin by PA-Ag/ZnO nanoparticles was carried out at optimized conditions, and the degradation rate of 94% at 10mg concentration was observed. After optimizing degradation conditions, comparative degradation studies between the PA-Ag/ZnO nanoparticles and bacteria were performed using GC-MS analysis. These findings represent that synthesized Ag/ZnO nanoparticles using <i>P. amboinicus</i> will be used in wastewater treatment.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}