Occupational Exposure to Nanomaterials: A Scoping Review

Background

The production and utilization of nanomaterials has been steadily expanding. This leads to significant exposure of the workforce to these materials during their work activities.

Methods

A comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using keywords related to “occupational exposure” and “nanomaterials” was conducted. Initially, duplicates were eliminated, followed by a review based on title and abstract to exclude irrelevant items. the remaining documents underwent full-text examination for adherence to inclusion criteria. Out of 3,314 initial documents, 303 articles met the study’s criteria.

Findings

More than 30 countries had investigated the occupational exposure to nanomaterials, with the United States, Korea, and China at the top. Totally, nearly 30,000 employees were exposed to nanomaterials and more than 13,000 non-exposed employees were investigated. More than 70% of the studies were cross-sectional and the least attention was paid to long-term and cohort studies. Most of the studies were carried out, in environments producing engineered nanomaterials, environments with incidental nanomaterials, laboratory environments, and environments consuming nanomaterials, respectively. Metal-oxide, carbon-based, and metal nanomaterials were investigated more than other nanomaterials, respectively.

Conclusion

One crucial aspect of nanotechnology should be the evaluation of occupational exposure to nanomaterials. The majority of the research should focus on more hazardous nanomaterials that are produced and consumed in greater quantities. It is preferable for research to shift toward long terms and cohorts. It is advised that the safety, health, and environmental concerns of nanotechnology be given careful consideration and growth alongside other related areas.