International Journal of Thermophysics最新文献

{"title":"Viscosity and Density Measurement and Modeling in Methyl Levulinate and 1-Alkanol Mixtures","authors":"Mohammad Almasi,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Mohebbifar","doi":"10.1007/s10765-025-03536-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-025-03536-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an investigation into the density and viscosity measurements of binary fluids composed of methyl levulinate (ML) and primary aliphatic alcohols (ranging from 1-butanol to 1-heptanol) across 293.15 K to 323.15 K. Using measurement techniques, the excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations were systematically analyzed, revealing that steric effects from the alcohol chains dominate over hydrogen-bonding interactions in these systems. The results demonstrate that longer alkyl chains significantly weaken intermolecular interactions, leading to increasingly negative viscosity deviations. To advance the state of the art in thermodynamic measurement and modeling, the PC-SAFT model was employed to predict mixture densities, achieving a high correlation to experimental density. The maximum deviation observed for the methyl levulinate + 1-pentanol system was only 0.94 %, underscoring the model’s reliability and practical utility for optimizing measurement-based applications. This work not only provides critical insights into the role of steric effects in complex liquid systems but also contributes to the development of measurement methodologies for thermophysical property analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"46 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Conventions","authors":"Montserrat Filella,&nbsp;Eric F. May,&nbsp;Peter M. May","doi":"10.1007/s10765-025-03533-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-025-03533-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite wide use, thermodynamic conventions are almost never presented explicitly as a topic in textbooks, lectures or publications covering metrology and uncertainty. Their meaning, and the particular need for them, is typically just taken for granted. Consequently, an uncritical acceptance and lack of understanding of their implications can often start in the classroom and persist long after, with unfortunate consequences that undermine some important metrological definitions and practices. Thermodynamic conventions generally create reference scales that allow properties which can only be measured as differences (such as enthalpy and electrode potentials) to be expressed in absolute terms for practical convenience. However, the arbitrary nature of these choices made when selecting and implementing any such convention is not only puzzling to students but can also confuse thermodynamic or metrological specialists. If, as a consequence, thermodynamic conventions are not properly understood, theoretical and experimental progress can become stuck within prevailing paradigms. In this work, we identify two such cases relating to pH and Gibbs energies of reaction, and show how more nuanced understandings of thermodynamic convention as a concept enable better choices and lead to improved scientific outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"46 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-025-03533-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase Equilibrium of n-Nonane + n-Decane for Low-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage: Insights into Odd–Even Effects","authors":"Maria C. M. Sequeira,&nbsp;Timur Nikitin,&nbsp;Fernando J. P. Caetano,&nbsp;Hermínio P. Diogo,&nbsp;João M. N. A. Fareleira,&nbsp;Rui Fausto","doi":"10.1007/s10765-025-03531-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-025-03531-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present article presents the solid–liquid phase diagram of a binary system composed of an <i>n</i>-alkane with an odd number of carbon atoms, namely, <i>n</i>-nonane (<i>n</i>-C₉), with an even-numbered one, namely <i>n</i>-decane (<i>n</i>-C₁₀). This work is part of a series of phase equilibrium studies on <i>n</i>-alkanes for low-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) applications. The ultimate purpose of this work is to investigate the adequacy of this binary system to be used as a Phase Change Material (PCM) at low temperatures. Additionally, along the equilibrium studies on linear alkanes, an interesting feature has emerged: the solid–liquid phase diagrams of binary <i>n</i>-alkane systems apparently show a striking dependence on the odd or even number of carbon atoms in their chains. The phase diagram for the system <i>n</i>-C₉ + <i>n</i>-C₁₀ has primarily been obtained using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), whose results have been complemented by Hot-Stage Microscopy (HSM) and low-temperature Raman Spectroscopy results. The DSC analysis provided both the temperature and enthalpy values for the observed solid–liquid and solid–solid phase transitions. The <i>n</i>-C₉ + <i>n</i>-C₁₀ binary system seems to display a peritectic solid–liquid phase diagram at low temperatures. The peritectic temperature found was 222.41 K, with a peritectic composition around <i>x</i>_nonane = 0.60. Those results confirmed the initial suggestions that this would be a peritectic system, based on previously observed odd–even effects on phase equilibrium behavior of alkane mixtures. The goal of this work is to extend new insights into the solid–liquid phase equilibrium behavior of the binary system <i>n</i>-C₉ + <i>n</i>-C₁₀, a topic not yet covered in the literature. This information, consequently, provides practical and essential information on the potential use of this system as PCM for low-temperature TES applications. Additionally, it contributes to support the important discussion on the effect of odd–even number of carbons of the individual <i>n</i>-alkanes in the solid–liquid phase equilibrium behavior of their binary mixtures. The solid–liquid diagram of this system is being published for the first time, as far as the authors are aware.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-025-03531-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Artificial Activity Coefficient Model for Emulating Combustion and Physical Property Variations During Evaporation of Liquid Complex Fuel Droplet","authors":"Lei Luo,&nbsp;Kai Hong Luo,&nbsp;Yu Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10765-025-03528-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-025-03528-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Liquid complex fuels naturally contain hundreds of species with different volatilities, making accurate and efficient droplet vaporization simulations challenging. For computational efficiency, simple surrogate composed of several few components is often used. However, it has been proved that such simple surrogate cannot authentically represent the vaporization behaviors of complex fuels. To address this issue, a modeling approach for droplet evaporation was developed in this work, namely, artificial activity coefficient model for droplet evaporation (AACM-DE). First, this article established a droplet evaporation model for jet fuel RP-3, of which the phase equilibrium was described by a 24-component surrogate fuel with UNIQUAC Functional group Activity Coefficient (UNIFAC). Then, functional group matching method was used to convert this complex surrogate fuel to a 4-component simple surrogate fuel, guaranteeing consistency of their chemical and physical properties during droplet evaporation process. Meanwhile, AACM-DE was derived to regulate the phase equilibrium behaviors of the 4-component mixture, enhancing its capacity to more accurately represent complex fuel vaporization phenomena. Simulation results showed that chemical functional groups, gaseous combustion property targets and liquid physical properties of the 4-component surrogate with AACM-DE agree well with those of the 24-component surrogate with UNIFAC while saving about 30% computing time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic and Volumetric Study of Glycols with an Aqueous Food Preservative (Potassium Sorbate)","authors":"Ansari Ammara Firdaus,&nbsp;Nabaparna Chakraborty,&nbsp;K. C. Juglan","doi":"10.1007/s10765-025-03527-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-025-03527-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research explores the molecular interactions of glycols [(EG), (DG), and (TG)] within potassium sorbate, a food preservative. The density and speed of sound of these glycols in potassium sorbate solutions were examined across different temperatures (288.15 K to 318.15 K) at a pressure of 0.1 MPa and concentrations [(0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) mol/k <span>({text{g}}^{-1})</span>], density and speed of sound were measured by using the Anton Paar (DSA) 5000 M. From experimental data, properties like apparent molar volume (<span>({V}_{varnothing })</span>), partial molar volume (<span>({V}_{phi }^{0})</span>), apparent molar isentropic compressibility (<span>({K}_{phi ,S})</span>)), partial molar isentropic compressibility (<span>({K}_{phi ,S}^{0})</span>), expansibility coefficients <span>({left(frac{partial { E}_{phi }^{0}}{partial T}right)}_{P})</span>, their transfer properties (<i>Δ</i><span>({V}_{phi }^{0})</span>, <i>Δ</i><span>({K}_{phi ,S}^{0})</span>), and interaction coefficients (<i>V</i>_<i>AB</i><i>; V</i>_<i>ABB</i> and <i>K</i>_<i>AB</i><i>; K</i>_<i>ABB,</i> isobaric thermal expansion coefficients (<span>(alpha ))</span> were estimated. These analyses aimed to investigate and comprehend the interactions among glycols [(EG), (DG), and (TG)] and potassium sorbate in aqueous solution, providing insights into solute–solvent interactions within ternary mixtures (potassium sorbate + water + (EG/DG/TG)). The study's conclusions are drawn from these solute–solvent interactions within the aqueous ternary mixture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of the Viscosity of n-Hydrogen and (n-Hydrogen + Carbon Dioxide), (n-Hydrogen + Methane), and (n-Hydrogen + Ethane) Mixtures at Temperatures from (253.15 to 473.15) K and at Pressures up to 20 MPa","authors":"Benjamin Betken,&nbsp;Bahareh Khosravi,&nbsp;Fabian Sabozin,&nbsp;Monika Thol,&nbsp;Roland Span","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03492-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03492-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Viscosity measurements of normal hydrogen (<i>n</i>-hydrogen) and four (<i>n</i>-hydrogen + carbon dioxide), four (<i>n</i>-hydrogen + methane), and two (<i>n</i>-hydrogen + ethane) binary mixtures at temperatures between (253.15 and 473.15) K and at pressures up to 20 MPa are presented. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (<i>k</i> = 2) in terms of viscosity ranges between (0.47 and 0.70) %. The nominal compositions of the gravimetrically prepared mixtures are (10, 20, 40, and 60) mol-% carbon dioxide, (10, 25, 50, and 75) mol-% methane, and (10 and 50) mol-% ethane, respectively. For the measurements, a rotating-body viscometer was used, which is based on the utilization of a magnetic suspension coupling to allow for a contactless and, thus, ideally frictionless suspension of the rotating-body. To provide experimental data with low experimental uncertainty, a relative measurement approach was applied, with helium as reference fluid. The measurement results are compared to experimental data, ab initio-calculated data, and viscosity correlations from the literature. Furthermore, zero-density viscosities are provided, which were obtained from a quadratic expansion in terms of the density fitted to the experimental data. Relative deviations of the pure fluid viscosities for <i>n</i>-hydrogen reported in this work are between (− 0.033 and 0.45) % from the corresponding viscosity correlation and zero-density viscosities for <i>n</i>-hydrogen deviate by (− 0.010 to 0.23) % from the most accurate data found in the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-024-03492-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Thermal Conductivity Measurements for the Hydrofluoroolefin R1225ye(Z)","authors":"G. Lombardo,&nbsp;D. Menegazzo,&nbsp;L. Vallese,&nbsp;M. Scattolini,&nbsp;S. Bobbo,&nbsp;L. Fedele","doi":"10.1007/s10765-025-03530-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-025-03530-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the pursuit of a fourth generation of refrigerants characterized by zero Ozone Depletion Potential and remarkably low Global Warming Potential (GWP), as mandated by EU Regulation No 517/2014 and the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, natural refrigerants and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) have emerged as the most promising long-term alternatives. Notably, the hydrofluoroolefin cis-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene R1225ye(Z) and its isomers have been considered as environmentally friendly options to replace the widely used R410A in refrigeration applications, both in pure form and blends, due to their similar characteristic pressures and temperatures. However, despite its GWP being lower than 3, studies on the toxicological effects of R1225ye(Z) have prevented its applications in industrial contexts, discouraging the study of its thermophysical properties. To date, the available literature offers only a limited amount of experimental data on the thermophysical properties of R1225ye(Z), with none specifically addressing its thermal conductivity. Thus, this study addresses this gap by presenting a comprehensive dataset of 68 experimental thermal conductivity measurements, performed employing a double transient hot-wire apparatus along eleven isotherms spanning temperatures from 243.15 to 343.15 K, encompassing pressures ranging from close to vapor pressure up to 8 MPa. A simplified correlation for estimating the thermal conductivity at saturation state was developed using the extrapolation method. Then, the experimental thermal conductivity data were compared with a generalized model for liquid thermal conductivity in HFOs, demonstrating good agreement with calculated values (AAD 2.3%), in line with the declared model accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-025-03530-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive Radiative Cooling Materials with Special Focus on the Reduction of Urban Heat Island Effect: A Current Summarized Classification of Need, Approaches and Characterization Methods","authors":"Jochen Manara,&nbsp;Jürgen Hartmann,&nbsp;Fabian Kerwagen,&nbsp;Christoph Maack,&nbsp;Alberto Muscio,&nbsp;Heiko Paeth,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Ebert","doi":"10.1007/s10765-025-03529-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-025-03529-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapidly rising global temperatures and the intensification of the urban heat island (UHI) effect necessitate new, energy-efficient solutions to mitigate heat stress in cities. Passive radiative cooling (PRC) offers a highly promising, low-energy pathway to achieve sub-ambient temperatures by reflecting incoming solar radiation while emitting long-wave infrared radiation through the atmospheric infrared window. This review summarizes key aspects of PRC and its role in reducing UHI impacts. Furthermore the fundamental physics of heat transfer and radiative heat exchange, including the materials properties such as solar reflectance and thermal emissivity which are correlated with the figures of merit, temperature drop below ambient temperature and cooling power. A comprehensive classification of current PRC materials is presented based on both structural architectures and physical effects. Additionally an overview on measurement techniques are employed to determine the performance of PRC materials, focusing on the key performance indicators. For this purpose in-field as wells as laboratory measurement techniques are introduced and opportunities in standardizing testing protocols are highlighted. Finally, future research directions are outlined, focusing on novel material development, theoretical advancements, scalable fabrication processes, and integration strategies within urban infrastructures. These innovations are important for enhancing building energy efficiency, reducing urban heat stress, and promoting sustainable urban development in the face of climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the LKP-SJT Equation of State: Application to Alkanes, Carbon Dioxide, and Their Mixtures","authors":"Fabian Sabozin,&nbsp;Marcel Felix Schneegans,&nbsp;Andreas Jäger,&nbsp;Monika Thol","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03493-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03493-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recently introduced modification of the Lee-Kesler-Plöcker equation of state, LKP-SJT, has been further developed, and the results are presented. The new version includes an enhancement of the original approach for calculating the compressibility factor at the critical point. Furthermore, the standard fluid combination used as base points for interpolation has been varied. The results of these calculations are compared with datasets generated from highly accurate equations of state in terms of the Helmholtz energy and with experimental measurements. The investigated fluids include alkanes and carbon dioxide. In comparison to the original version of the LKP-SJT equation of state, improvements were achieved for <i>n</i>-alkanes up to <i>n</i>-dodecane and carbon dioxide. The calculated densities of long-chain alkanes are significantly more accurate, while vapor pressures are less precise. The application of the LKP-SJT to propane - <i>n</i>-alkane and carbon dioxide - <i>n</i>-alkane mixtures up to <i>n</i>-decane confirms its benefits in the density calculation of long-chained alkanes and hence asymmetric mixtures. Calculations of the liquid density for the propane -<i> n</i>-eicosane mixture performed to estimate the extrapolation behavior yield promising results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-024-03493-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Measurement for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropylene (R1234yf) Binary Mixtures","authors":"Zirui Wu,&nbsp;Lingfeng Shi,&nbsp;Peng Hu,&nbsp;Hua Tian,&nbsp;Xuan Wang,&nbsp;Gequn Shu","doi":"10.1007/s10765-025-03508-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-025-03508-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CO₂-based binary mixtures offer superior thermodynamic advantages and environmental benefits compared to alternative working fluids. Enthalpy and entropy are essential in thermodynamic analysis, necessitating the availability of vapor–liquid equilibrium data. The static thermostatic analysis system accurately measures the mixtures’ temperature, pressure, and molar fractions. We carry out five temperatures at 283.15 K to 323.15 K while maintaining a pressure of approximately 6.38 MPa. Two electromagnetic capillary samplers effectively extract working fluids from the equilibrium cell, facilitating precise analysis using a gas chromatograph. The standard measurement uncertainties of experimental temperature, mole fractions, and pressure are determined at 0.06 K, 0.004, and 0.002 MPa, ensuring precise and reliable data for our analysis. The experimental data we gathered has undergone extensive analysis and modeling using the PR + WS + NRTL model to offer a comprehensive insight into the system's behavior. The AARD<i>p</i> value is 0.81%, whereas AAD<i>y</i>₁ demonstrates merely a slight variance of 0.0047. The relative volatility is determined at five temperatures ranging from 283.15 K to 323.15 K. The majority of the experimental data falls within the ± 5% deviation boundary, affirming their reliability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}