International Journal of Thermophysics最新文献

{"title":"Correlations for the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Tetrahydrofuran","authors":"Sofia G. Sotiriadou,&nbsp;Eleftheria Ntonti,&nbsp;Marc J. Assael,&nbsp;Konstantinos D. Antoniadis,&nbsp;Marcia L. Huber","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03415-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03415-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present hybrid predictive-correlative engineering correlations for the calculation of the viscosity and thermal conductivity of tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the fluid phase. They incorporate critically evaluated experimental data where available, and predictive methods in regions where there are no data and can be applied over the gas, liquid, and supercritical phases. The viscosity correlation is validated from 195 K to 353 K, and up to 30 MPa pressure, while the thermal conductivity is validated in the temperature range 174 K to 332 K, and up to 110 MPa pressure. Both correlations are designed to be used with a recently published equation of state that extends from the triple point to 550 K, at pressures up to 600 MPa. The estimated uncertainty (at a 95 % confidence level) for the viscosity is 10 % for the low-density gas (up to atmospheric pressure), and 6 % for the liquid at temperatures up to 353 K and pressures up to 30 MPa. For thermal conductivity, the expanded uncertainty is estimated to be 15 % for the low-density gas, and 2 % for the liquid phase from the triple-point temperature to 330 K at pressures up to 15 MPa, rising to 4 % at 110 MPa. Due to the extremely limited data available, these correlations should be considered preliminary until further experimental data become available.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"45 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solubilities of Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide in the Eutectic Mixture of Diphenylmethane and Biphenyl","authors":"Qing Duan,&nbsp;Abdul Mosaur Waseel,&nbsp;Jianan Wang,&nbsp;Junwei Cui,&nbsp;Shengshan Bi","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03419-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03419-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the solubilities of hydrogen (H₂), nitrogen (N₂), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the eutectic mixture of diphenylmethane (1) and biphenyl (2) with mass fraction <i>w</i>₁ = 0.64947 were determined by the isochoric saturation method at pressures ranging from 0.918 MPa to 6.208 MPa, and temperatures ranging from 293 K to 363 K. The results indicate that the solubilities of the gases in the eutectic mixture follow the order CO₂ &gt; H₂ ≈ N₂. The gas solubility data were correlated using the Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky (K-K) equation. The absolute average relative deviations (AADs) of the experimental values from the calculated data for the H₂ + eutectic mixture, N₂ + eutectic mixture, and CO₂ + eutectic mixture systems were 1.98 %, 1.74 %, and 1.74 %, respectively. Henry’s constants for the dissolution of the three gases in the eutectic mixture at different temperatures were calculated. Finally, thermodynamic parameters (the solution enthalpy, solution Gibbs free energy, solution entropy, and solution specific heat capacity) were calculated and discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"45 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibrating-Wire Viscometry","authors":"Markus Richter,&nbsp;J. P. Martin Trusler","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03413-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03413-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The theory and application of the vibrating-wire technique for the measurement of viscosity, as well as both viscosity and density, are reviewed. Theory is presented in the form of practical working equations and well-established limitations on their ranges of validity. The cases of both transient and steady-state excitation of the vibrating wire are considered in detail. For the steady-state mode, we describe a variant of the method in which the density is also measured. Practical details including wire materials, magnet systems and instrumentation are discussed, and several design examples from the literature are reviewed. Relative uncertainties in vibrating-wire viscometry vary from, at best, 0.2 % to about 2 % at 95 % confidence. In an appropriately designed instrument, density can be measured simultaneously with a relative uncertainty of about 0.2 %.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-024-03413-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141884675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical n(p, T90) Measurement Suite 3: Results at (lambda = 1542,text{nm})","authors":"Patrick F. Egan,&nbsp;Yuanchao Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03412-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03412-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Single-isotherm <i>n</i>(<i>p</i>, <i>T</i>₉₀) results are reported for the gases Ar, N₂, H₂O, and D₂O at vacuum wavelength <span>(lambda = 1542.383(1))</span> nm. The argon and nitrogen isotherms were measured near 303 K; the water isotherms were measured near 373 K. Combined with the two previous articles of this series, the present results beget several insights via dispersion analyses. The argon result is highly consistent with static measurement plus <i>ab initio</i> calculation of dispersion polarizability. The nitrogen result is nominally consistent with one recent experiment and the dipole oscillator strength distributions, but the present work offers a refined estimate of the molar refractivity at optical wavelengths. For ordinary and heavy water, the dispersion trend is nominally consistent with existing liquid measurements. However, water’s absorption features in the near-infrared preclude a reliable comparison of the present result with literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-024-03412-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141884674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capillary Viscometry for Routine Measurements of Newtonian Liquids","authors":"Maria C. M. Sequeira,&nbsp;Fernando J. P. Caetano,&nbsp;João M. N. A. Fareleira","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03410-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03410-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Viscosity is a thermophysical property of paramount importance, being essential for many scientific and industrial applications. The most common instruments for its measurement are glass capillary viscometers. Therefore, the use of capillary viscometers is widespread both in industry and in research. The range of viscosities of interest range from lower than that of water to several orders of magnitude higher values, the measurement of which requires different capillary viscometers. Most of the practical applications concern routine instruments, mainly for quality control. One main issue for the utilization of capillary viscometers relates to the need for their calibration, assuring its traceability to the water primary viscosity standard, to certify its worldwide validity. The present paper focuses on capillary instruments dedicated to perform viscosity measurements on Newtonian organic liquids at atmospheric pressure, as it is assumed that is the most widespread type of application for these viscometers. Capillary viscometry has a completely well-defined working equation, namely, the Hagen–Poiseuille equation. However, the practical performance of the measuring instruments deviates from that working equation. Most of those deviations are currently considered by many users. However, some of those deviations have not reached that status yet, like those concerning the effects due to the surface tension of the sample on the measurements. All these aspects are summarized and analyzed in the present article, together with a brief general description of the most common types of capillary viscometers, namely, the Ostwald and the constant-level or Ubbelohde instruments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-024-03410-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscosity of Hydrogen and Methane Blends: Experimental and Modelling Investigations","authors":"Friday Junior Owuna,&nbsp;Antonin Chapoy,&nbsp;Pezhman Ahmadi,&nbsp;Rod Burgass","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03394-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03394-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding of thermophysical and transport properties of H₂-NG blends are needed for the gradual introduction of hydrogen into the national gas grid. A capillary tube viscometer was used to measure the viscosity of hydrogen + methane blends (with hydrogen mole fraction = 0, 0.1000, 0.1997, 0.5019, and 1) at temperatures from 213 to 324 K and pressures up to 31 MPa. A total 147 experimental viscosity measurements were made for the three H₂ + CH₄ blends and compared against the predictions of five different viscosity models: a one-reference corresponding states (Pedersen) model, a two-reference corresponding states (CS2) model, an extended corresponding states (ECS) model, a corresponding states model derived from molecular dynamic simulations of Lennard Jones (LJ) fluids, and a residual entropy scaling (SRES) method. All the model predictions showed a relatively low deviation compared to the measured viscosities. The density required for viscosity model predictions were computed using Multi-Fluid Helmholtz Energy Approximation (MFHEA) equations of state (EoS). To check the experimental procedure and applicability of the viscometer equipment, viscosity validation measurements were carried out for propane, hydrogen, and methane. The measured viscosities of the pure components were in good agreement with the respective viscosity models with AARD of 0.24%, 0.25%, and 0.58% for propane, hydrogen, and methane, respectively.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-024-03394-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Structure–Property Relationships in Eucalyptol and 1-Alkanol Mixtures: A DFT and Experimental Study","authors":"Mohammad Almasi,&nbsp;Razieh Sadat Neyband","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03414-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03414-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study employs a combined experimental and theoretical approach to investigate the thermophysical properties of eucalyptol (EC) blended with a series of 1-alkanols (ranging from 1-hexanol to 1-nonanol) across a temperature spectrum of 293.15–323.15 K. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the M05-2x/6-31g(d,p) level of theory are used to optimize the geometry of EC + 1-alkanols and provide insights into the hydrogen bonding interactions between the molecules. The DFT results reveal the significance of alkyl chain length in 1-alkanols on the hydrogen bonding with EC, which is supported by the analysis of geometrical, topological properties, vibrational frequency, NMR, and molecular orbital analysis. The theoretical findings are complemented by experimental measurements of density and viscosity, which show negative deviations from ideality in excess molar volume and viscosity. This study highlights the power of DFT methods in elucidating the molecular-level interactions governing the thermophysical properties of complex binary systems. Furthermore, the DFT results provide a molecular-level understanding of the observed thermophysical behavior, allowing for the development of more accurate predictive models. The integration of experimental and theoretical approaches in this study demonstrates a powerful framework for investigating the properties of complex mixtures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium of the n-Nonane + n-Undecane System for Low-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage","authors":"Maria C. M. Sequeira,&nbsp;Timur Nikitin,&nbsp;Fernando J. P. Caetano,&nbsp;Hermínio P. Diogo,&nbsp;João M. N. A. Fareleira,&nbsp;Rui Fausto","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03411-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03411-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current article presents an exploration of the solid–liquid phase diagram for a binary system comprising <i>n</i>-alkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms, specifically <i>n</i>-nonane (<i>n</i>-C₉) and <i>n</i>-undecane (<i>n</i>-C₁₁). This binary system exhibits promising characteristics for application as a phase change material (PCM) in low-temperature thermal energy storage (TES), due to the fusion temperatures of the individual components, thereby motivating an in-depth investigation of the solid–liquid phase diagram of their mixtures. The <i>n</i>-nonane (<i>n</i>-C₉) + <i>n</i>-undecane (<i>n</i>-C₁₁) solid–liquid phase equilibrium study herein reported includes the construction of the phase diagram using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) data, complemented with Hot–Stage Microscopy (HSM) and low-temperature Raman Spectroscopy results. From the DSC analysis, both the temperature and the enthalpy of solid–solid and solid–liquid transitions were obtained. The binary system <i>n</i>-C₉ + <i>n</i>-C₁₁ has evidenced a congruent melting solid solution at low temperatures. In particular, the blend with a molar composition x_undecane = 0.10 shows to be a congruent melting solid solution with a melting point at 215.84 K and an enthalpy of fusion of 13.6 kJ·mol^–1. For this reason, this system has confirmed the initial signs to be a candidate with good potential to be applied as a PCM in low-temperature TES applications. This work aims not only to contribute to gather information on the solid–liquid phase equilibrium on the system <i>n</i>-C₉ + <i>n</i>-C₁₁, which presently are not available in the literature, but especially to obtain essential and practical information on the possibility to use this system as PCM at low temperatures. The solid–liquid phase diagram of the system <i>n</i>-C₉ + <i>n</i>-C₁₁ is being published for the first time, as far as the authors are aware.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-024-03411-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Air Conditioning System Performance via Dual Phase Change Materials Integration: Seasonal Efficiency and Capsulation Structure Impact","authors":"M. Ismail,&nbsp;Hamdy Hassan","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03407-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03407-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enhancement of the cooling and heating capabilities of an air conditioning unit (ACU) coupled with a thermal energy storage system of dual phase change materials (PCM) is investigated. The dual PCM, namely SP24E and SP11_gel, are coupled with the ACU outdoor device (condenser/evaporator) during the summer/winter seasons, respectively. Moreover, ACU performance assisted with dual-PCM heat exchanger is compared with a single heat exchanger of SP24E in summer and single heat exchanger of SP11_gel in winter at different PCM capsulation structures (aligned and staggered cylinders). The system dynamic mathematical model is computationally solved using ANSYS software and experimentally validated. Results affirm that charging/discharging periods are minimal for the dual-PCM system and slower for PCM inline cylinder layouts than staggered ones. Inline design yields greater ACU average power savings. In summer, higher inlet air temperature to the PCM system reduces PCM discharging time and ACU power savings, with the opposite effect during winter. ACU COP with PCMs is improved by around 80 % in summer and 40 % in winter, respectively, compared to ACU without PCMs. The maximum average power saving over 4 h of ACU working in summer by single and dual-PCM systems is 21.4 % and 11.8 %, respectively, whereas the results in winter are 18.5 % and 12.8 %, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-024-03407-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Properties of Some Molten Mixtures in System (NaF-KF)eut–UF4","authors":"A. Rudenko,&nbsp;A. Redkin,&nbsp;P. Mushnikov,&nbsp;E. Il’ína,&nbsp;S. Pershina,&nbsp;O. Tkacheva,&nbsp;Yu. Zaikov,&nbsp;S. Kumkov","doi":"10.1007/s10765-024-03408-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-024-03408-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thermophysical properties of molten salts promising for the nuclear industry are crucial, but the available data are limited and contradictory. The thermal diffusivity of the molten mixtures (NaF-KF)_eut–UF₄ containing 30, 40, and 50 mol % UF₄ was measured by the laser flash method. The thermal diffusivity was found to be almost independent of temperature in the range of about 100° (1070 K–1170 K), which makes it possible to extrapolate values to low or high temperatures. The thermal conductivity of the molten mixtures (NaF-KF)_eut–UF₄ was calculated using the thermal diffusivity, density, and heat capacity data. Density was estimated using the molar volume of the molten binary systems NaF-UF₄ and KF-UF₄. The heat capacity of the ternary system NaF-KF-UF₄ was evaluated based on the heat capacity of individual salts, taking into account the additivity law. The thermal conductivity of the molten mixtures 0.7(NaF-KF)_eut–0.3UF₄, 0.6(NaF-KF)_eut–0.4UF₄, and 0.5(NaF-KF)_eut–0.5UF₄ changes slightly with the UF₄ content and temperature; for example, at 1123 K it is 0.48, 0.45, and 0.45 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, respectively. The thermal diffusivity of the pure molten UF₄ was estimated using three independent approaches: the concentration, the temperature, and the volume dependences of the thermal diffusivity. The estimated value of the thermal diffusivity for the molten UF₄ was about 0.12 × 10^–6 ± 0.05 × 10^–6 m²·s⁻¹.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}