International Journal of Theoretical Physics最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Softmax Building Method for Finding Solutions of Benney-Luke Equation","authors":"Nguyen Minh Tuan","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06002-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06002-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper firstly introduces a novel application of the softmax method to solve the Benney-Luke equation, a nonlinear partial differential equation widely used in studying water waves and fluid dynamics. The softmax function, traditionally used in classification problems within machine learning playing a main function in the hidden layer to analyze the data of neural network model, is applied here to obtain exact solutions regarding hyperbolic, trigonometric, rational and polynomial forms. The effectiveness of this method is to demonstrate the ability to provide diverse and explicit solutions with improved computational efficiency. The results are significant in expanding the tools for solving complex nonlinear equations, especially in physics, fluid mechanics, and applied mathematics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adiabatic Evolution and Geometric Phases in a non-Abelian non-Hermitian system","authors":"Jing Yang,&nbsp;Junqi Ge","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06012-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06012-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we investigate the adiabatic evolution and geometric phase in non-Abelian non-Hermitian systems. By analyzing the adiabatic condition for non-Hermitian systems exhibiting energy degeneracy, we derive the non-Abelian geometric phases for such systems. By studying an example, we show how the adiabatic evolution can be realized in a four-level non-reciprocal system with two degenerate eigenenergies by choosing parameters to realize real eigenenergies, slowly enough varying parameters and Hermitian non-Abelian vector potentials. By analyzing the effects of nonreciprocity on adiabatic evolution, populations on energy levels, and geometric phases, we develop a scheme to manipulate the dynamic behavior of the population, geometric phases, and adiabatic conditions by nonreciprocity. Our results provide insights into potential applications in quantum technologies that exploit non-Abelian phases and non-Hermitian characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodic Dark and Bright Optical Soliton Dynamics in Atomic Medium Governed by Control Fields of Milnor Polynomial and Super-Gaussian Beam","authors":"Walid Emam,&nbsp;Abdul Majeed,&nbsp;Zeeshan Ali,&nbsp;Amir Ali,&nbsp;Dragan Pamucar","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06007-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06007-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The periodic dark and bright solitons based on control fields of Milnor polynomial and super-Gaussian beam are investigated in a duplicated two-level atomic medium. The Milnor polynomial and super-Gaussian beam play an important role in the pulse, pulse intensity, and different types of solitons. The Milnor polynomial depends on the beam waist <i>W</i>, phase <span>(Phi )</span>, and the super-Gaussian beam depends upon the variance of standard deviation <span>(sigma )</span>, the power of super-Gaussian <i>P</i>, and the starting point <span>(z_0)</span>. The optical solitons are examined with the variation of detuning, decay rates, Rabi frequency of driving fields, and position (<span>(z/lambda )</span>) and time (<span>(t/tau _0)</span>) coordinates. The different types of solitons, such as periodic, dark, and bright solitons, are reported with Milnor-Gaussian and super-Gaussian beams as well as position and time coordinates. The shape of solitons is maintained by nonlinearity and dispersion. The soliton pulse intensity is studied as it varies with position and time, ranging from <span>(0.0025%)</span> to <span>(100%)</span>. The obtained results have significant applications in nonlinear optics, neural networks, hydrodynamics, traffic flow, soliton lasers, superconductivity, spectroscopy, amplifiers, and data transmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Unified Derivation of the Lorentz Transformation and the Relativistic Energy and Momentum","authors":"Mirza Satriawan","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06009-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06009-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>I present a unified derivation of the Lorentz transformation and the relativistic formulations of energy and momentum. The derivation begins by defining momentum as a general vector function of velocity, consistent with the principles of space-time homogeneity and spatial isotropy. By applying the postulate of relativity, this momentum formulation remains valid in all inertial reference frames. Relativistic energy is then identified through a comparison with the work-energy theorem. The existence of an invariant speed follows from symmetry arguments, and its sign is determined by the requirement of energy positivity. This approach leads to a unified derivation of many fundamental formulas of special relativity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Physical Processes of the Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov Equation with Variable Coefficients","authors":"Serbay Duran","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06003-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06003-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the wave solutions of the Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov equation with variable coefficients and focuses on the discussion of the generated solutions within the framework of mathematical physics. The transformations of the generated wave solutions, supported by stability analysis, into shock wave profiles are analysed. The time coefficient functions contained in the equation and the effects of the parameters in the solutions are discussed by considering dispersion, diffusion and advection processes. This prominent feature of the study emphasises its difference from the studies in the literature. The results of this research enhance the scientific diversity of the solutions produced but are also expected to provide a different perspective on the solutions of nonlinear wave systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Unified Picture of Cosmic Evolution in a Gravity-Modified Framework","authors":"Iftikhar Ahmad,&nbsp;Muhammad Zahid Mughal,&nbsp;Muhammad Mahtisham","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-05991-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-05991-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work a unified description of the early negative pressure dark energy during inflation and the late-time dark energy is posited within the framework of <span>(fleft( R right) )</span> gravity. The innovative approach integrates seamlessly the two eras going through the interposing evolutionary phase that intermediates. The time rate of change of the scale factor describing cosmic expansion is specified by Hubble parameter <i>H</i> which gives variant phases. Considering the spatially flat and homogeneous geometry of FLRW universe, the Hubble rate is written as the function of the number of e-folds <i>N</i> which leads to construct a differential equation under certain constraints. The solution to the differential equation gives rise to an <span>(fleft( R right) )</span> functional form which in turn is solved numerically. For various Hubble rates it is shown through visual simulations as how the transitions of various eras of cosmological dynamics occur. Secondly we explore a more plausible advanced <i>f</i>(<i>R</i>) framework that bridges the primordial inflationary phase with both pre-late and late-time contemporary dark energy dynamics emphasizing theoretical basis. The analysis involves mathematically sorting out the Friedmann equations utilizing redshift as a principal element therein and providing deep insights into key statefinder parameters that include the deceleration parameter and dark energy density. The study conclusively shows that the early dark energy exerts minimal influence on the late-time universe, thereby imposing stringent constraints on the models’s free parameters. We also study an effective gravitational constant in connection with <span>(fleft( R right) )</span> gravity model, the analysis reveals its behaviour across different scales, exploring insights into cosmic structure formation and gravitational dynamics. Apart from it, the analysis shows the minimal gravity coupling of dark energy eras to the cosmic evolution as structure formation within it. However, we see that while the dark energy era is realized, the early dark energy does not contribute sufficiently to influence the late-time phase of dark energy which leads to accelerate the expansion rate of the universe. The free parameters in the model which significantly implicate the mechanism are subject to stringent constraints. Our results indicate to a great deal of important new proposals in apprehending the cosmic evolution specifically concerning the character of a modified theory and the way dark energy plays its role in shaping the universe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prime Factorization of Clifford Operators and Stabilizer States","authors":"Lingxuan Feng,&nbsp;Shunlong Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-05992-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-05992-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Clifford operators (including the discrete Heisenberg-Weyl operators) and the stabilizer states play a basic role in the stabilizer formalism of quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computation. For prime dimensional systems, they are well understood. However, for composite dimensional systems, subtleties arise due to the number-theoretic features of the system dimensions, and it is desirable to investigate how the structures of the Clifford operators and stabilizer states depend on the factorization of the systems. In this work, we construct explicitly a unitary map to implement the decomposition of the Clifford operators in any composite dimensional system induced by the prime factorization of the system. As applications, we obtain factorizations of stabilizer states in any system, and present a formula of the cardinality of the pure stabilizer states. In particular, we come to the remarkable observation that although the cardinality of stabilizer states is an increasing function of the prime dimension <i>d</i>,  it is not so for general <i>d</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Periodic Extreme Waves in a Non-Hermitian Lattice","authors":"Semiha Tombuloğlu","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06004-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06004-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Periodic extreme waves, characterized by their recurrent and exceptionally high amplitudes, have gained significant attention in various scientific disciplines. In this study, we consider a nonreciprocal DNLS equation with position-dependent nonlinear interaction strength. We show that time-periodic extreme waves can occur in a non-Hermitian lattice. We also demonstrate that long-living discrete extreme waves is possible when considering proper position-dependent nonlinear interaction strength in a non-Hermitian system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Breather, Lump and Interaction Solutions for (2+1)-dimensional Generalized Korteweg-De Vries Equation","authors":"Nauman Raza,&nbsp;Saima Arshed,&nbsp;Minal Irshad,&nbsp;M. Higazy,&nbsp;Y. S. Hamed","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06005-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06005-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The integrability of the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Korteweg-De Vries equation is examined in this work. In many areas of engineering and science, the governing equation is used, particularly in the investigation of nonlinear wave phenomena. This equation is appropriate for a wider variety of wave phenomena, such as solitons in optical fibers, ion-acoustic waves in plasma, and shallow water waves, since it takes into account higher-order nonlinear and dispersive effects. The study employs the Hirota bilinear method and focuses on certain Ansatz transformations and symbolic computation approaches to generate lump waves, rogue waves, breather waves, multi-wave solutions, and lump and kink wave combinations for the given problem. The technique demonstrates its adaptability in handling various wave events within nonlinear systems by methodically deriving a range of intricate wave patterns by using these transformations. A comprehensive analysis of the dynamics and distinctive features of the derived solutions is conducted through computational simulations, which utilize graphical representations and pay particular attention to specific parameter values. Additionally, the extended transformed rational function method is applied to the Hirota bilinear form of the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Korteweg-De Vries equation to extract complexiton solutions. The dynamics of these solutions are depicted through 3D, 2D, and contour graphics, which help elucidate the unique behaviors and characteristics of the solutions obtained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Quantum Mechanical Statistics in Italian Corpora","authors":"Diederik Aerts,&nbsp;Jonito Aerts Arguëlles,&nbsp;Lester Beltran,&nbsp;Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi,&nbsp;Sandro Sozzo","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-06006-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-06006-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a theoretical and empirical investigation of the statistical behaviour of the words in a text produced by human language. To this aim, we analyse the word distribution of various texts of Italian language selected from a specific literary corpus. We firstly generalise a theoretical framework elaborated by ourselves to identify ‘quantum mechanical statistics’ in large-size texts. Then, we show that, in all analysed texts, words distribute according to ‘Bose–Einstein statistics’ and show significant deviations from ‘Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics’. Next, we introduce an effect of ‘word randomization’ which instead indicates that the difference between the two statistical models is not as pronounced as in the original cases. These results confirm the empirical patterns obtained in texts of English language and strongly indicate that identical words tend to ‘clump together’ as a consequence of their meaning, which can be explained as an effect of ‘quantum entanglement’ produced through a phenomenon of ‘contextual updating’. More, word randomization can be seen as the linguistic-conceptual equivalent of an increase of temperature which destroys ‘coherence’ and makes classical statistics prevail over quantum statistics. Some insights into the origin of quantum statistics in physics are finally provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-025-06006-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}