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Two-Step Photoelectron Lithography for Working with Fragile Nanostructures 用于易碎纳米结构的两步光电子光刻技术
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441225700393
S. G. Martanov, E. V. Tarkaeva, V. A. Ievleva, A. U. Kuntsevich
{"title":"Two-Step Photoelectron Lithography for Working with Fragile Nanostructures","authors":"S. G. Martanov,&nbsp;E. V. Tarkaeva,&nbsp;V. A. Ievleva,&nbsp;A. U. Kuntsevich","doi":"10.1134/S0020441225700393","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441225700393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An addition to an electron lithograph based on an optical microscope for fast patterning of large-scale elements by the method of contact mask photolithography in ultraviolet radiation on an electronic resistor is presented. The device accelerates the creation of contact pads for solid-state micro- and nanostructures and reduces the risk of sample loss when working with fragile structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"68 2","pages":"328 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
INES Time-of-Flight Spectrometer INES飞行时间光谱仪
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441225700356
R. M. Djilkibaev, D. V. Hlustin
{"title":"INES Time-of-Flight Spectrometer","authors":"R. M. Djilkibaev,&nbsp;D. V. Hlustin","doi":"10.1134/S0020441225700356","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441225700356","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A method for determining the start pulse for the time-of-flight technique has been developed, significantly improving the accuracy of temporal alignment with the proton beam pulse. The energy spectrum of the pulsed neutron source RADEX has been measured and compared with the results of simulations. The procedure for determining the shape of the neutron pulse over time is described based on the measured shape of the proton beam pulse when neutrons are slowed down in the target. A method for absolute calibration of the spectrometer is outlined, taking into account the effect of neutron energy changes due to multiple elastic scattering of neutrons in the sample. A procedure for recovering neutron capture cross-sections by a nucleus during multiple elastic scattering of neutrons in the sample has been developed. Calibration measurement results for the neutron capture cross-section by Au on the time-of-flight spectrometer at the INES facility are presented. The measured cross-sections are compared with calculated cross-sections based on known resonance parameters and with cross-sections previously obtained in experiments using a thin sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"68 2","pages":"226 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Upgrading the Front-End Electronics of the Photon Spectrometer for the ALICE/CERN Experiment ALICE/CERN实验中光子光谱仪前端电子器件的升级
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441225700307
K. A. Balygin, Yu. G. Sibiryak
{"title":"Upgrading the Front-End Electronics of the Photon Spectrometer for the ALICE/CERN Experiment","authors":"K. A. Balygin,&nbsp;Yu. G. Sibiryak","doi":"10.1134/S0020441225700307","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441225700307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design of a prototype front-end card (FEC) of the ALICE/CERN photon spectrometer (PHOS) is described. The development of the new FEC is associated with an increase in the luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider beams and the need to improve the accuracy of time-of-flight measurements for better identification of detected particles. The available PHOS FEC does not meet the new requirements and must be replaced according to the PHOS upgrade plan. The improvement of the PHOS FEC measurement characteristics is achieved by measuring the flight time instead of processing the digitization codes of the photodetector waveform offline. The FEC prototype contains eight measuring channels and all the functional units needed for operation in the PHOS spectrometer. The functional units are described. The FEC prototype characteristics measured in the laboratory and on the electron component of secondary particle beams at the PS proton synchrotron (CERN) in the momentum range of 1−10 GeV/<i>c</i> are presented. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the FEC prototype fully meets the requirements for the FEC of the upgraded PHOS. Based on this design, the development of a full-scale PHOS FEC with 32 measuring channels has been started.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"68 2","pages":"206 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Experimental Setup for Probing Plasma of a Laser-Controlled High-Voltage Gas Gap 激光控制高压气隙等离子体探测实验装置
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441225700204
A. I. Lipchak, N. B. Volkov, I. A. Zhuravlev
{"title":"An Experimental Setup for Probing Plasma of a Laser-Controlled High-Voltage Gas Gap","authors":"A. I. Lipchak,&nbsp;N. B. Volkov,&nbsp;I. A. Zhuravlev","doi":"10.1134/S0020441225700204","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441225700204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a technique and an experimental setup that implements it for the optical diagnostics of pulsed plasma initiated by YAG:Nd<sup>3+</sup> laser radiation in a laser-controlled high-voltage gas switch, which is used as a primary switch of a RADAN-type high-current high-voltage pulsed electron accelerator–generator. The studies were performed in a natural atmosphere. The first results of measurements of the dynamics of the laser-radiation absorption coefficient in a plasma produced using this installation. These data indicate the implementation of the conditions for the nonlinear absorption of laser radiation by plasma at excitation energy densities higher than 240 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. They will make it possible to develop recommendations for selecting the gas-gap triggering parameters in order to minimize jitter.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"68 1","pages":"31 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formation of Pulsed-Periodic Beam of Metal Ions of Submillisecond Duration with High Power Density 高功率密度亚毫秒持续时间金属离子脉冲周期束的形成
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441225700216
A. I. Ryabchikov, S. V. Dektyarev, A. V. Gurulev
{"title":"Formation of Pulsed-Periodic Beam of Metal Ions of Submillisecond Duration with High Power Density","authors":"A. I. Ryabchikov,&nbsp;S. V. Dektyarev,&nbsp;A. V. Gurulev","doi":"10.1134/S0020441225700216","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441225700216","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article presents the results of studies into the repetitively pulsed formation of aluminum, chromium, and titanium ion beams of submillisecond duration based on a plasma generated by a continuous vacuum arc discharge. High pulse power density in the ion beam is achieved due to the ballistic focusing of ions using a single-electrode mesh extractor in the form of a part of a sphere. To purify the ion beam in the region of its crossover from the droplets of the vacuum arc plasma, the method based on the solar eclipse effect is used. The features and regularities of generating ion beams of three metals at pulse durations of 450 µs, accelerating voltage up to 40 kV, with pulse power density exceeding 10<sup>5</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup> have been studied. It has been established that stable formation of repetitively pulsed high intensity metal ion beams of submillisecond duration based on vacuum arc plasma is achieved due to the ion-electron emission compensating for the escape of plasma electrons into the accelerating gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"68 1","pages":"38 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Method for Determining the Aircraft Pitch Angle in Radio Beacon Navigation Systems 无线电信标导航系统中飞机俯仰角的确定方法
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441225700083
V. L. Gulko, A. A. Mescheryakov, N. K. Blinkovsky
{"title":"A Method for Determining the Aircraft Pitch Angle in Radio Beacon Navigation Systems","authors":"V. L. Gulko,&nbsp;A. A. Mescheryakov,&nbsp;N. K. Blinkovsky","doi":"10.1134/S0020441225700083","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441225700083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A polarization-modulation method for determining the pitch angle of an aircraft using emitted horizontally polarized beacon signals is considered. The polarization modulator placed in the microwave channel of the airborne receiving antenna is a Faraday rotator for the polarization plane of received beacon signals. The pitch angle is determined by the second-harmonic phase of the polarization-plane rotation frequency, which is contained in the envelope spectrum of the receiver output signal. A prototype of the experimental setup implementing this method is described. Results of aircraft pitch angle measurements are presented, and the measurement accuracy is estimated.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"68 1","pages":"153 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Wide-Range Acoustic Analyzer of a Two-Component Gas Mixture 双组分气体混合物的宽量程声学分析仪
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441225700034
V. N. Alferov, D. A. Vasiliev
{"title":"A Wide-Range Acoustic Analyzer of a Two-Component Gas Mixture","authors":"V. N. Alferov,&nbsp;D. A. Vasiliev","doi":"10.1134/S0020441225700034","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441225700034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A binary gas-mixture composition sensor is described using the dependence of the velocity of sound in a gas on its molecular weight and an adiabatic index using an acoustic resonator. For analysis of the mixture composition, one of the gases must be available in a pure form. In this case, the measurement error is no worse than 10<sup>–4</sup>. A mixture with a known composition can also be used as a reference one.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"68 1","pages":"149 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Setup for Studying Vortex Flow on the Surface of a Liquid 4He Layer in Normal and Superfluid States 研究正常和超流体状态下液体4He层表面涡流的装置
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441225700198
A. A. Levchenko, L. P. Mezhov-Deglin, I. A. Remizov, P. G. Selin, M. R. Sultanova
{"title":"Setup for Studying Vortex Flow on the Surface of a Liquid 4He Layer in Normal and Superfluid States","authors":"A. A. Levchenko,&nbsp;L. P. Mezhov-Deglin,&nbsp;I. A. Remizov,&nbsp;P. G. Selin,&nbsp;M. R. Sultanova","doi":"10.1134/S0020441225700198","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441225700198","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design of a setup intended for studying the interaction features of vortex flows generated by capillary-gravity waves on the surface of liquid helium <sup>4</sup>He in normal and superfluid states with injected charges is described. An example of the results of studying the influence of vortex flows generated by waves in a layer of superfluid helium He-II with a depth of 2.5 cm at temperatures <i>T</i> ≥ 1.5 K for the distribution of negative ion currents across five segments of a receiving collector immersed in liquid is given.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"68 1","pages":"180 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental Study of a Grid Sensor for Measuring the Velocity Vector of Micrometeoroids and Space Debris Particles 微流星体和空间碎片粒子速度矢量网格传感器的实验研究
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441225700113
M. P. Kalaev, A. M. Telegin, K. E. Voronov
{"title":"Experimental Study of a Grid Sensor for Measuring the Velocity Vector of Micrometeoroids and Space Debris Particles","authors":"M. P. Kalaev,&nbsp;A. M. Telegin,&nbsp;K. E. Voronov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441225700113","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441225700113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article describes a prototype sensor for measuring the velocity vector of micrometeoroids and space debris particles based on grid metal electrodes. The results of an experimental study and proposals for further modification of the measurement system are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"68 1","pages":"160 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Laser-Plasma Ion Source of Wide Range of Elements for Heavy-Ion Beam Injection into Synchrotrons 用于同步加速器重离子束注入的宽元素激光等离子体离子源
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441225700058
A. N. Balabaev, A. A. Vasiliev, T. V. Kulevoy, A. A. Losev, Yu. A. Satov, I. A. Khrisanov, A. V. Shumshurov
{"title":"Laser-Plasma Ion Source of Wide Range of Elements for Heavy-Ion Beam Injection into Synchrotrons","authors":"A. N. Balabaev,&nbsp;A. A. Vasiliev,&nbsp;T. V. Kulevoy,&nbsp;A. A. Losev,&nbsp;Yu. A. Satov,&nbsp;I. A. Khrisanov,&nbsp;A. V. Shumshurov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441225700058","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441225700058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of the first experiments on generation of ions of several light and heavy chemical elements using a new laser-plasma ion source, which is included in a heavy-ion injector of synchrotrons that is currently being developed at the NRC Kurchatov Institute, are described. This ion source is based on the FOCUS pulsed–periodic CO<sub>2</sub> laser system and includes a vacuum target chamber with a drift space and a high-voltage system for the extraction and formation of a charged particle beam. The design of the setup and the characteristics of laser radiation and Al, Fe, and Bi ion beams are presented. The high efficiency of this ion source in producing intense ion beams of a wide range of elements and the ability to quickly switch the ion type can be successfully used in injectors of synchrotrons for complex research and testing the radiation hardness of electronic components.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"68 1","pages":"19 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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