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A Method for Determining the Gas Content in a Two-Phase Mixture by the Magnitude of the Pressure Drop in the Flow during Its Movement 一种根据流动过程中压降的大小确定两相混合物中气体含量的方法
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S002044122470204X
E. G. Lebedeva
{"title":"A Method for Determining the Gas Content in a Two-Phase Mixture by the Magnitude of the Pressure Drop in the Flow during Its Movement","authors":"E. G. Lebedeva","doi":"10.1134/S002044122470204X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002044122470204X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When a two-phase mixture moves along a pipeline section, energy is consumed. The energy consumption during the flow transport is determined by the pressure drop and the volumetric flow rate of the mixture. The dependence of the pressure losses during transportation of a two-phase flow on the volume and mass gas content is shown. A method for determining the gas content in a two-phase flow depending on the pressure loss value due to friction is presented. The basic calculation data for estimating the gas content in a two-phase flow depending on the pressure loss value for transporting a two- and single-phase flow with a similar mass flow are presented. The presented model of an experimental setup in the form of a pipeline section with piezometers for determining the pressure losses due to friction is designed to determine the content of gas impurities in the flow. When determining the pressure loss, a homogeneous model of a two-phase mixture was used as the most suitable with a low gas (vapor) content in the liquid flow. A schematic diagram of the setup that is used to study two-phase flows under laboratory conditions is presented as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1209 - 1215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Neutron Irradiation on the Characteristics of SiC and Si Detectors 中子辐照对SiC和Si探测器特性的影响
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224702014
Yu. B. Gurov, M. S. Dovbnenko, S. A. Evseev, N. I. Zamyatin, Yu. A. Kopylov, S. V. Rozov, E. A. Streletskaya, B. A. Chernyshev, L. Hrubcin, B. Zat’ko
{"title":"Effect of Neutron Irradiation on the Characteristics of SiC and Si Detectors","authors":"Yu. B. Gurov,&nbsp;M. S. Dovbnenko,&nbsp;S. A. Evseev,&nbsp;N. I. Zamyatin,&nbsp;Yu. A. Kopylov,&nbsp;S. V. Rozov,&nbsp;E. A. Streletskaya,&nbsp;B. A. Chernyshev,&nbsp;L. Hrubcin,&nbsp;B. Zat’ko","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224702014","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224702014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The characteristics of detectors based on silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (SiC), which were irradiated with integral neutron fluxes Φ = 5.1 × 10<sup>13</sup>, 5.4 × 10<sup>14</sup>, and 3.4 × 10<sup>15</sup> neutrons/cm<sup>2</sup> (1 MeV/Si), are presented. It was found that the conductivity of the sensitive region becomes close to its own for all irradiated samples. Using alfa particles, the authors found that, for Si detectors irradiated with a minimum flux of 5.1 × 10<sup>13</sup> neutrons/cm<sup>2</sup>, the charge collection efficiency (η) does not exceed 1.5%. For SiC detectors irradiated with a similar flux, η = 96%, and η decreased to 70 and 1.5%, respectively, when irradiated with average and maximum fluxes. Thus, it is shown that the deterioration in the performance of SiC detectors occurs at significantly higher dose loads than when using Si devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1095 - 1101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Setup for Studying Scintillation Detectors 研究闪烁探测器的设置
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224701975
I. S. Aleksandrov, A. V. Luk’yashin, A. V. Khromov, A. V. Shakirov
{"title":"Setup for Studying Scintillation Detectors","authors":"I. S. Aleksandrov,&nbsp;A. V. Luk’yashin,&nbsp;A. V. Khromov,&nbsp;A. V. Shakirov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224701975","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224701975","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A laboratory experimental setup based on scintillation detectors is described, which is used in the educational process at MEPhI. The setup is designed to study methods for investigating the characteristics of scintillators as well as the operation of a silicon photoelectron multiplier. The results of measuring the spectra from standard gamma-radiation sources using various scintillators are shown, calibration is carried out, and an estimation of the energy resolution of the detectors is given.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1216 - 1221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CsI and SrI2(Eu) Scintillation Detectors with Signal Removal by Silicon Photomultipliers with a Registration Threshold Below 200 eV 用配准阈值低于200 eV的硅光电倍增管去除信号的CsI和SrI2（Eu）闪烁探测器
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224701999
A. G. Baranov, A. P. Ivashkin, S. A. Musin, G. Kh. Salakhutdinov, A. O. Strizhak
{"title":"CsI and SrI2(Eu) Scintillation Detectors with Signal Removal by Silicon Photomultipliers with a Registration Threshold Below 200 eV","authors":"A. G. Baranov,&nbsp;A. P. Ivashkin,&nbsp;S. A. Musin,&nbsp;G. Kh. Salakhutdinov,&nbsp;A. O. Strizhak","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224701999","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224701999","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article discusses the concepts of detectors made of inorganic scintillators CsI(pure) and SrI<sub>2</sub>(Eu) with light signal removal by silicon photomultiplier matrices. These detectors are supposed to be used at low temperatures to register signals with ultralow energy release. The results of measuring the light collection of detector prototypes are presented. Specific light collections were obtained at the level of 30–40 photoelectrons per kiloelectronvolt of energy released in the detectors. The dependences of thermal noise and optical coupling of silicon photomultipliers on temperature are investigated. It is shown that the use of detectors at negative temperatures makes it possible to effectively suppress the noise of photodetectors and provide a registration threshold at the level of several photoelectrons. These detectors can be in demand in various fundamental and applied fields, in particular, in the physics of low-energy neutrinos.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1088 - 1094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of the Characteristics of Various Piezoelectric Pressure Transducers 各种压电式压力传感器特性的比较分析
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224702002
S. V. Golovastov, V. V. Golub, Yu. V. Zhilin, A. Yu. Mikushkin, A. A. Mikushkina, O. A. Mirova
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Characteristics of Various Piezoelectric Pressure Transducers","authors":"S. V. Golovastov,&nbsp;V. V. Golub,&nbsp;Yu. V. Zhilin,&nbsp;A. Yu. Mikushkin,&nbsp;A. A. Mikushkina,&nbsp;O. A. Mirova","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224702002","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224702002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative analysis of the characteristics of various piezoelectric transducers for measuring pulse pressures was performed. Their sensitivity and response time were determined, and the effects of the steady-state temperature and pulsed heat flows on the measurement results were investigated. The conditions for the linearity of characteristics under the experimental conditions were established. The conditions were determined for observing the “thermal zero drift,” which characterized the influence of thermal heating on the output data of pressure transducers. The investigations were carried out in a shock tube, at a special calibration test bench, and at a test bench that generated the stepwise pulse of the radiant heat flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1189 - 1200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic Field Measurement System in Wide-Aperture Magnets of Physical Setups at the U-70 Accelerator Complex U-70加速器物理装置大孔径磁体磁场测量系统
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224701458
V. N. Alferov, A. N. Vasil’ev, D. A. Vasil’ev, V. A. Kormilitsyn, A. V. Lutchev, A. P. Meshchanin, N. G. Minaev, V. V. Mochalov, V. L. Rykov, A. D. Ryabov, T. D. Ryabova, P. A. Semenov, V. A. Solov’ev, V. N. Fedorchenko, A. N. Kholkin
{"title":"Magnetic Field Measurement System in Wide-Aperture Magnets of Physical Setups at the U-70 Accelerator Complex","authors":"V. N. Alferov,&nbsp;A. N. Vasil’ev,&nbsp;D. A. Vasil’ev,&nbsp;V. A. Kormilitsyn,&nbsp;A. V. Lutchev,&nbsp;A. P. Meshchanin,&nbsp;N. G. Minaev,&nbsp;V. V. Mochalov,&nbsp;V. L. Rykov,&nbsp;A. D. Ryabov,&nbsp;T. D. Ryabova,&nbsp;P. A. Semenov,&nbsp;V. A. Solov’ev,&nbsp;V. N. Fedorchenko,&nbsp;A. N. Kholkin","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224701458","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224701458","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The system of magnetic measurements in large volumes based on Hall probes has been developed in the Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP). An example of its practical use to measure the topography of the spectrometric magnet’s field of the SPASCHARM experiment at the U-70 accelerator complex is described. In these measurements, the special attention has been paid to calibrations, monitoring the stability of parameters, and of the accuracy in positioning the probes in the magnet aperture and in their orientation. Further development of the system and the study of its capabilities for improving the accuracy, reducing the measurement time and, in general, increasing its flexibility in applications are also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 5","pages":"977 - 988"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of Software for Diagnostics and Correction of Closed Orbit in the NICA Booster NICA助推器闭合轨道诊断与校正软件的开发
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224701628
I. Yu. Nikolaichuk, E. V. Gorbachev, V. A. Lebedev, G. S. Sedykh, V. L. Smirnov, M. M. Shandov
{"title":"Development of Software for Diagnostics and Correction of Closed Orbit in the NICA Booster","authors":"I. Yu. Nikolaichuk,&nbsp;E. V. Gorbachev,&nbsp;V. A. Lebedev,&nbsp;G. S. Sedykh,&nbsp;V. L. Smirnov,&nbsp;M. M. Shandov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224701628","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224701628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) accelerator complex consists of a collider and an injection complex. The injection complex of heavy ions includes ion source, linear accelerator, a 25 T m SC Booster synchrotron, a 38 T m SC synchrotron Nuclotron, and beam transfer lines. One of the main tasks in complex commissioning and tuning are the measurement and correction of the beam closed orbit. The software, written for orbit correction, was successfully tested during the commissioning runs. The paper describes the software and hardware developments for orbit measurement and correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 5","pages":"865 - 869"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using the Method of Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry for Studying the Particle-Scattering Process in a Clustered Jet 用分子束质谱法研究簇状射流中的粒子散射过程
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224701537
E. D. Dering, K. A. Dubrovin, A. E. Zarvin, V. V. Kalyada, V. E. Khudozhitkov
{"title":"Using the Method of Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry for Studying the Particle-Scattering Process in a Clustered Jet","authors":"E. D. Dering,&nbsp;K. A. Dubrovin,&nbsp;A. E. Zarvin,&nbsp;V. V. Kalyada,&nbsp;V. E. Khudozhitkov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224701537","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224701537","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) has been adapted at the gas dynamic stand LEMPUS-2 to study the free molecular beam particle-scattering process on particles of the background gas. The verification of the used technique in noncondensing flows was carried out, and the results of measuring the effective scattering cross sections of argon atoms and nitrogen molecules were compared with the known literature data. The process of atoms and small argon clusters (oligomers) scattering on carbon dioxide particles located in the background space at different average sizes of clusters 〈<i>N</i>〉 formed in the flow is investigated. When 〈<i>N</i>〉 ≈ 48, the obtained scattering cross-sections for argon atoms, dimers, and trimers is 39, 17, and 6 Å<sup>2</sup>, respectively. With an increase in the average cluster size in the flow, the effective scattering cross-section of argon atoms decreases. The paper discusses the causes of the detected effect as well as the features of MBMS use for the study of supersonic clustered jets.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 5","pages":"1042 - 1050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Results of Using the Anode of a Controlled Spark Gap as a Langmuir Probe 可控火花隙阳极作为Langmuir探针的研究结果
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224701525
S. G. Davydov, A. N. Dolgov, A. A. Kozlov, V. O. Revazov, R. Kh. Yakubov
{"title":"Results of Using the Anode of a Controlled Spark Gap as a Langmuir Probe","authors":"S. G. Davydov,&nbsp;A. N. Dolgov,&nbsp;A. A. Kozlov,&nbsp;V. O. Revazov,&nbsp;R. Kh. Yakubov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224701525","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224701525","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of one of the electrodes of a small-sized vacuum spark gap as a single Langmuir probe made it possible, without violating the conditions for the formation of the initiating discharge, to record with high time resolution the flows of charged particles and plasma emitted from the starting system and to measure their main parameters. Emission of suprathermal electrons and ions and turbulent plasma was detected. The method of time integration of the signal from the probe confirmed the hypothesis that the anomalously large ion saturation current to the probe is associated with buildup of electrostatic oscillations in the plasma. Signs of macroscopic charge separation at the leading edge of the plasma flow were discovered. The energies of suprathermal particles, the electron temperature, and the density of the emitted plasma were estimated. The probe method has proven to be a completely reliable and productive tool for studying fast processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 5","pages":"942 - 951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of a Fast Monitor of Position and Intensity of a Synchrotron Radiation Beam for Experiments on Studying Fast-flowing Processes 用于快流过程研究实验的同步辐射束位置和强度快速监测仪的研制
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224701471
V. Aulchenko, A. Glushak, M. Kornievsky, L. Shekhtman, M. Skakunov, O. Tolbanov, A. Tyazhev, A. Vinnik, A. Zarubin
{"title":"Development of a Fast Monitor of Position and Intensity of a Synchrotron Radiation Beam for Experiments on Studying Fast-flowing Processes","authors":"V. Aulchenko,&nbsp;A. Glushak,&nbsp;M. Kornievsky,&nbsp;L. Shekhtman,&nbsp;M. Skakunov,&nbsp;O. Tolbanov,&nbsp;A. Tyazhev,&nbsp;A. Vinnik,&nbsp;A. Zarubin","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224701471","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224701471","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The proposed concept of the design and electronics of a fast monitor of the position and intensity of a synchrotron radiation beam is presented. Sensors based on radiation-resistant materials, leucosapphire and silicon carbide, are investigated as possible detectors for the fast beam monitor. Tests of detectors based on leucosapphire and silicon carbide have shown that both materials are suitable as photodetectors for recording fast signals from short flashes of a white beam of synchrotron radiation from each electron bunch in the storage ring. Current pulses generated by detectors based on these materials have a duration of up to 20 ns. In this case, the signal generated by a sensor based on silicon carbide exceeds the corresponding signal from a sensor based on leucosapphire by 3.9 times, provided that the thickness of the sensors is the same.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 5","pages":"958 - 970"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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