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Formation of Bremsstrahlung Focal Spots in Betatrons Using Small-Size Targets 利用小尺寸靶标在电子加速器中形成轫致辐射焦点
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224702105
V. B. Sorokin
{"title":"Formation of Bremsstrahlung Focal Spots in Betatrons Using Small-Size Targets","authors":"V. B. Sorokin","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224702105","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224702105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main patterns of formation of focal spots of bremsstrahlung radiation during interaction of a betatron electron beam with various small-sized targets are investigated on the basis of a model previously determined in experimental and model studies of the method of measuring focal spots of bremsstrahlung radiation of betatrons with flat targets. The sizes of the focal spots depend on the ratio between the size of the target along the axis of the electron beam and the size of the target normal to the beam axis. Parallelepiped-shaped targets with appropriate size ratios form circular focal spots. The latest version of the method using a slit collimator determines the size of focal spots of small targets as the width of the distributions at half the height of normal approximations of the real distributions of quanta in the focal spots. The output of bremsstrahlung from a focal spot of a small target is much greater than the output from a secondary focal spot component of the same size when collimating bremsstrahlung emerging from a flat target.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1128 - 1137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prototype of 2D PSD for slow neutrons based on RPC with 10B4C film 基于RPC和10B4C薄膜的二维慢中子PSD原型
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224702063
M. O. Petrova, A. A. Bogdzel’, V. I. Bodnarchuk, O. Daulbaev, V. M. Milkov, A. K. Kurilkin, K. V. Bulatov, A. V. Dmitriev, V. A. Babkin, M. M. Avdeev, E. I. Litvinenko
{"title":"Prototype of 2D PSD for slow neutrons based on RPC with 10B4C film","authors":"M. O. Petrova,&nbsp;A. A. Bogdzel’,&nbsp;V. I. Bodnarchuk,&nbsp;O. Daulbaev,&nbsp;V. M. Milkov,&nbsp;A. K. Kurilkin,&nbsp;K. V. Bulatov,&nbsp;A. V. Dmitriev,&nbsp;V. A. Babkin,&nbsp;M. M. Avdeev,&nbsp;E. I. Litvinenko","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224702063","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224702063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A prototype of a two-coordinate position-sensitive detector based on a RPC with a thin film converter (2 µm) made of boron carbide enriched in isotope <sup>10</sup>B &gt; 95% is presented. The active area size is 75 × 150 mm<sup>2</sup>, which corresponds to 64 registration channels along the <i>x</i> axis and 128 channels along the <i>y</i> axis. The design of the detector, the results of diagnostics of converter films by the X-ray reflectometry method, the spectrum of conversion gamma radiation, and the results of measurements with a laboratory source <sup>252</sup>Cf are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1080 - 1087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measurement of the Insolation Energy Parameters under the Terrestrial Operation Conditions of Photovoltaic Modules 光伏组件地面运行条件下日照能量参数的测量
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224702051
V. E. Nikiforov, E. V. Barkov, E. V. Nikiforov
{"title":"Measurement of the Insolation Energy Parameters under the Terrestrial Operation Conditions of Photovoltaic Modules","authors":"V. E. Nikiforov,&nbsp;E. V. Barkov,&nbsp;E. V. Nikiforov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224702051","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224702051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The structure, composition, and algorithm of operation of the measuring and computing system for measuring the energy parameters of insolation (solar radiation) under terrestrial conditions are presented. The system is capable of making continuous measurements and recording of the energy parameters of insolation and solar activity using commercial silicon photovoltaic modules of monocrystalline and polycrystalline types as the sensing devices. Real-time measurements of open-circuit voltages, short-circuit currents, currents and voltages at operating points of modules, and temperatures of modules and the environment are performed. The recorded parameters are processed, the current−voltage characteristics of the modules are determined based on the analytical model of solar panels, and the generated power and energy are calculated for the required time interval. All necessary measured and calculated values are graphically displayed.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1164 - 1167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of High-Speed Photon Counting Module Based on Passive Quenching Mode Multi-pixel Photon Counter 基于被动猝灭模式多像素光子计数器的高速光子计数模块的研制
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S002044122470194X
Yue Wang, Guoqing Zhang, Yun Wu, Lei Wang, Lu Liu, Lina Liu, Lianbi Li, Xiaoxiang Han, Yanfei Yang, Zebin Li
{"title":"Development of High-Speed Photon Counting Module Based on Passive Quenching Mode Multi-pixel Photon Counter","authors":"Yue Wang,&nbsp;Guoqing Zhang,&nbsp;Yun Wu,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Lu Liu,&nbsp;Lina Liu,&nbsp;Lianbi Li,&nbsp;Xiaoxiang Han,&nbsp;Yanfei Yang,&nbsp;Zebin Li","doi":"10.1134/S002044122470194X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002044122470194X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The newly developed multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), which is essentially single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPAD) array, has a significant application prospect in the field of laser detection because of its unique room-temperature photon number resolution capability. The working modes of SPAD are usually divided into active quenching (AQ) mode and passive quenching (PQ) mode. It is generally believed that the PQ mode has a long recovery time and a low photon counting rate (PCR), making it unsuitable for high-speed photon counting situations. This paper demonstrated a photon counting module based on a specially designed passive quenching MPPC. The small-area SPAD cells and the bulk resistance quenching mode greatly reduce the recovery time of the SPAD cells, enabling the PCR even surpassing that of the photon counting modules in AQ mode. The PCR of the developed MPPC module can reach more than 80 Mcps just in the PQ mode, which has obvious advantages in PCR and has a good application prospect especially in space target detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1143 - 1150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scintillators for Two-Dimensional X-Ray Detectors from Single Crystals of Yttrium–Aluminum Garnets Activated by Cerium and Terbium 铈和铽活化钇铝石榴石单晶二维x射线探测器的闪烁体
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224701987
V. E. Asadchikov, V. A. Fedorov, A. Yu. Grigoriev, A. V. Buzmakov, B. S. Roshchin, I. G. Dyachkova, A. A. Rusakov, I. D. Venevtsev, E. S. Saltanova, S. V. Kuzin, A. I. Rodionov
{"title":"Scintillators for Two-Dimensional X-Ray Detectors from Single Crystals of Yttrium–Aluminum Garnets Activated by Cerium and Terbium","authors":"V. E. Asadchikov,&nbsp;V. A. Fedorov,&nbsp;A. Yu. Grigoriev,&nbsp;A. V. Buzmakov,&nbsp;B. S. Roshchin,&nbsp;I. G. Dyachkova,&nbsp;A. A. Rusakov,&nbsp;I. D. Venevtsev,&nbsp;E. S. Saltanova,&nbsp;S. V. Kuzin,&nbsp;A. I. Rodionov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224701987","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224701987","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The peculiarities of preparation of single crystals of yttrium-aluminum garnet doped with cerium and terbium optimized for use as X-ray scintillators are described. Their X-ray luminescent properties are considered. The results of application of one of these scintillators in the design of a two-dimensional X-ray detector are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1151 - 1159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of the Effect of Destabilizing Factors on the Parameters of the Power Elements of Converters 不稳定因素对变流器功率元件参数影响的研究
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224701963
V. I. Avdzeiko, A. A. Drozdova, V. M. Rulevskii, D. Yu. Lyapunov
{"title":"Study of the Effect of Destabilizing Factors on the Parameters of the Power Elements of Converters","authors":"V. I. Avdzeiko,&nbsp;A. A. Drozdova,&nbsp;V. M. Rulevskii,&nbsp;D. Yu. Lyapunov","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224701963","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224701963","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A study of the effects of the main ten destabilizing factors on the parameters of the converter’s power elements has been conducted. Converters operating in the switching mode create voltage and current ripples in the supply network and at the input of connected consumers. To reduce the magnitude of ripples, it is proposed to use circuits with an incomplete range of output-voltage adjustment, which form a constant unadjusted and a pulsed adjusted component in the form of consumed current and voltage at the input of the output filter. In such circuits, the unadjusted component provides the transmission of electricity to consumers without adjusting and filtering its parameters, and reducing the amplitude of the adjusted pulse component makes it possible to reduce the inductance of the chokes and the capacitance of the capacitors of the input and output filters and, therefore, to improve their weight and size. The dependence of the ripple ranges of the current of the chokes and the voltage across the filter capacitors on the magnitude of the relative pulse-voltage component has been established. This study was performed on a converter model created using the MATLAB Simulink program. The research results were obtained for circuits with incomplete and full ranges of output-voltage adjustment, analysis of which proved the prospects of the proposed scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1110 - 1120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Active Suppression of Output-Voltage Ripples of High-Voltage Sources 高压源输出电压波纹的主动抑制
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224702087
A. I. Sergeev
{"title":"Active Suppression of Output-Voltage Ripples of High-Voltage Sources","authors":"A. I. Sergeev","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224702087","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224702087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The operation and test results of the operating prototype of a high-voltage power supply with active suppression of output–voltage ripples are described. The frequency of the source’s master generator is 90 kHz, and the capacitance value of the diode–capacitive multiplication circuit is 10 nF. The device was tested at an output voltage of 1 kV and a load current of 1 mA. The settings are indicated with which the achieved peak-to-peak ripple amplitude of the output voltage does not exceed 150 μV with a dc output resistance of no more than 20 kΩ.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1121 - 1124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-Wave Mid-IR Range Spectrograph Based on a Pyroelectric Linear Array 基于热释电线性阵列的长波中红外光谱仪
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224702026
A. A. Ionin, I. O. Kinyaevskiy, A. Yu. Kozlov, D. V. Sinitsyn
{"title":"Long-Wave Mid-IR Range Spectrograph Based on a Pyroelectric Linear Array","authors":"A. A. Ionin,&nbsp;I. O. Kinyaevskiy,&nbsp;A. Yu. Kozlov,&nbsp;D. V. Sinitsyn","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224702026","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224702026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A compact IR spectrograph based on a line array of pyroelectric sensors and operating in the vicinity of 10-μm-wavelength has been developed. The development was motivated by various tasks requiring prompt measurement of the spectral characteristics of multifrequency radiation in this spectral range. The spectrometer’s performance was tested using a wavelength-tunable CO<sub>2</sub>-laser. With a fixed position of the diffraction grating, the spectrometer covers a wavelength range of approximately 0.6 µm (wavenumber range of approximately 50 cm<sup>–1</sup>) with a spectral resolution of approximately 0.02 µm (which is approximately 0.2 cm<sup>–1</sup>), which allows one to reliably separate two adjacent CO<sub>2</sub>-laser lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1138 - 1142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of Morphology of Impregnated Composites on Their Conducting Properties and Positron Annihilation 浸渍复合材料的形貌对导电性能和正电子湮灭的影响
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224702129
V. P. Shantarovich, V. G. Bekeshev, I. B. Kevdina, M. I. Ikim, L. I. Trakhtenberg
{"title":"Influence of Morphology of Impregnated Composites on Their Conducting Properties and Positron Annihilation","authors":"V. P. Shantarovich,&nbsp;V. G. Bekeshev,&nbsp;I. B. Kevdina,&nbsp;M. I. Ikim,&nbsp;L. I. Trakhtenberg","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224702129","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224702129","url":null,"abstract":"<p>NiO–In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composites were synthesized by the impregnation of indium oxide nanoparticles with nickel nitrate salt. The phase composition and microstructure, as well as the conductivity of composites over a wide temperature range, have been studied. The introduction of nickel oxide into the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> leads to an increase in its resistance. The time distributions of the annihilation radiation of positrons have been studied in the obtained composites. The results are consistent with the data of studies of free volume in samples by low-temperature nitrogen sorption. The possibility of observing point-charged defects or their clusters in metal oxide composites by the positron method is demonstrated. A correlation is observed between changes in the resistance of impregnated indium oxide samples and the intensity of the positron component associated with annihilation in point-charged defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1201 - 1208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implementation of the Magnetic-Rheological Method for Controlling Magnetic Susceptibility of a Particle While Ensuring Its Artificial Hanging 磁流变法控制粒子磁化率同时保证其人工悬挂的实现
IF 0.4 4区 工程技术
Instruments and Experimental Techniques Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1134/S0020441224702075
D. A. Sandulyak, A. A. Sandulyak, V. A. Ershova, A. V. Sandulyak, M. N. Polismakova, A. S. Kharin
{"title":"Implementation of the Magnetic-Rheological Method for Controlling Magnetic Susceptibility of a Particle While Ensuring Its Artificial Hanging","authors":"D. A. Sandulyak,&nbsp;A. A. Sandulyak,&nbsp;V. A. Ershova,&nbsp;A. V. Sandulyak,&nbsp;M. N. Polismakova,&nbsp;A. S. Kharin","doi":"10.1134/S0020441224702075","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020441224702075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A magnetometer with hemisphere pole pieces, following a new magnetic-rheological method (MR method), allows one to determine the magnetic susceptibility χ of a single small particle moving in a liquid column. It is proven that the capabilities of the MR method can be expanded by using the part of the area between the poles that is below (and not initially above) the intercentral pole line when performing the experiment. In this case, when the studied particle is forced upward, which causes a decrease in speed and an increase in the time of its movement, it is possible to purposefully slow down such movement (by changing the magnetizing force of the magnetometer) until the hanging of particle. For the case of such hanging, expressions are given (which turned out to be simplified), which allow one to determine the χ from a significantly narrowed range of data necessary for one to complete experiments and corresponding calculations.</p>","PeriodicalId":587,"journal":{"name":"Instruments and Experimental Techniques","volume":"67 6","pages":"1160 - 1163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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