Foundations of Chemistry最新文献_第9页

The case of Zinjafr in the medical and mineralogical texts of medieval Persia: a puzzle created in the absence of the concept of chemical elements 中世纪波斯医学和矿物学文献中的Zinjafr案例:在缺乏化学元素概念的情况下创造的谜题

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09436-9

Nazila Farmani Anooshe, Aliyar Mousavi

{"title":"The case of Zinjafr in the medical and mineralogical texts of medieval Persia: a puzzle created in the absence of the concept of chemical elements","authors":"Nazila Farmani Anooshe, Aliyar Mousavi","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09436-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09436-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An examination of some of the writings in the medical and mineralogical texts of Persia in the Middle Ages, written in the Arabic language during the caliphate period, revealed an inconsistency concerning the modern chemical identity of the substance called <i>zinjafr</i>, which was recognized as a medication for wounds, burns, mange, and cavities. Although some of the literature identified it as the important ore cinnabar (red mercury(II) sulfide), some questioned that identification or even ambiguously described it as a substance produced from lead. A modern chemical study was conducted and identified the latter substance as minium (trilead tetraoxide). The reason for the medieval authors not distinguishing between those two compounds is discussed and the fact that the dictionaries of modern written Arabic commonly have the words <i>zinjafr</i> and <i>cinnabar</i> listed as equivalents is also explored. Further, the ability of Arabic alchemy to distinguish between cinnabar and minium is assessed in light of modern chemistry.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>A 1973 Soviet postage stamp celebrating the 1000th anniversary of al-Biruni’s birth (https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slika:Biruni-russian.jpg).</p><figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"24 2","pages":"277 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4540343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical reactivity: cause-effect or interaction? 化学反应性:因果关系还是相互作用?

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09430-1

Alfio Zambon

引用次数: 2

In praise of triads 赞美三合会

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09434-x

Eric R. Scerri

{"title":"In praise of triads","authors":"Eric R. Scerri","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09434-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09434-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article begins with a response to a recent contribution by Jensen, in which he has criticized several aspects of the use of triads of elements, including Döbereiner’s original introduction of the concept and the modern use of atomic number triads by some authors including myself. Such triads are groups of three elements, one of which has approximately the average atomic weight of the other two elements, as well as having intermediate chemical reactivity. I also examine Jensen’s attempted reconstruction Mendeleev’s use of triads in predicting the atomic weights of three hitherto unknown elements, that were subsequently named gallium, germanium and scandium. The present article then considers the use of atomic number triads, in conjunction with the phenomenon of first member anomaly, in order to offer support for Janet’s left-step periodic table, in which helium is relocated into group 2 of the table. Such a table features triads in which the 2nd and third elements of each group, without fail, fall into periods of equal length, a feature that is absent in the conventional 18-column or the conventional 32-column table. The dual sense of the term element, which is the source of much discussion in the philosophy of chemistry, is alluded to in further support of such a relocation of helium that may at first appear to contradict chemical intuition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"24 2","pages":"285 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10698-022-09434-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4651745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Philosophical grounds for designing invisible molecules 设计隐形分子的哲学基础

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09433-y

Hirofumi Ochiai

{"title":"Philosophical grounds for designing invisible molecules","authors":"Hirofumi Ochiai","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09433-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09433-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>‘Structure’ is the term whose proper use is exemplified by an expression like ‘the structure of a diesel-engine,’ in which what is referred to is accessible to immediate observation. It is also used figuratively like ‘social structure.’ While unobservable, what is referred to is empirically accessible. By contrast, molecules are neither observable nor empirically accessible. What philosophical grounds enable us to design invisible structure of molecules? Our cognition of objects becomes realized as phenomena when objects are given to our phenomenal fields. (Ochiai, Found Chem 22:77–86, 2020a, Found Chem 22:457–465, 2020b, A philosophical essay on molecular structure, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, pp 147–174, 2021) A phenomenal field is a pictorial representation of the mind’s self-transcending character and shows the relation between ‘self’ and ‘world.’ Molecular structure becomes realized as an affordance of molecules in a phenomenal field proper to organic chemists. It is a context-sensitive dispositional attribute of an {organic chemist-world} complex. Although designing molecules presupposes molecular structure, the latter is not sufficient for the former to make sense. Molecules must be designable as well. Designing molecules aims to create or modify molecular structure in order to provide compounds with certain chemical and/or physical properties. That is, designable molecules make sense in contexts in which they serve as a means to achieve this purpose and become realized as an affordance. Given that molecular structure and designable molecules are affordances of molecules, the fact that there are contexts in which they make sense provides grounds for conceiving and designing invisible structure of molecules. Heidegger’s arguments in <i>Being and Time</i> about characteristics of the being of beings corroborate our argument that what becomes realized as an affordance exists as what he calls a useful thing for us.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":"141 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4170446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Robert Boyle and the relational and dispositional nature of chemical properties 罗伯特·波义耳和化学性质的关系和性质

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09435-w

Marina Paola Banchetti-Robino

引用次数: 0

Hasok Chang on the nature of acids Hasok Chang关于酸的性质

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09432-z

Eric R. Scerri

{"title":"Hasok Chang on the nature of acids","authors":"Eric R. Scerri","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09432-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09432-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For a period of several years the philosopher of science Hasok Chang has promoted various inter-related views including pluralism, pragmatism, and an associated view of natural kinds. He has also argued for what he calls the persistence of everyday terms in the scientific view. Chang claims that terms like phlogiston were never truly abandoned but became transformed into different concepts that remain useful. On the other hand, Chang argues that some scientific terms such as acidity have suffered a form of “rupture”, especially in the case of the modern Lewis definition of acids. Chang also complains that the degree of acidity of a Lewis acid cannot be measured using a pH meter and seems to regard this as a serious problem. The present paper examines some of these views, especially what Chang claims to be a rupture in the definition of acidity. It is suggested that there has been no such rupture but a genuine generalization, on moving from the Brønsted-Lowry theory to the Lewis theory of acidity. It will be shown how the quantification and measurement of Lewis acidity can easily be realized through the use of equilibrium theory and the use of stability constants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"24 3","pages":"389 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10698-022-09432-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5185331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

On the nature of quantum-chemical entities: the case of electron density 论量子化学实体的性质:以电子密度为例

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09431-0

Jesus Alberto Jaimes Arriaga

引用次数: 0

Quantum algorithms for simulation of quantum chemistry problems by quantum computers: an appraisal 用量子计算机模拟量子化学问题的量子算法:评价

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09428-9

Smriti Sharma

引用次数: 1

Editorial 70 (the platinum issue) 社论第70期(白金版)

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09429-8

Eric Scerri

引用次数: 0

Improving student success in chemistry through cognitive science 通过认知科学提高学生在化学方面的成功

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09427-w

JudithAnn R. Hartman, Eric A. Nelson, Paul A. Kirschner

引用次数: 4