Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova最新文献

{"title":"[Sleep disorders in imprinting disorders].","authors":"E M Ivannikova, T Yu Degtyarevskaya, N N Tarasova, E A Tinyatov, A N Magomedova, K A Magomedova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512505275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202512505275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A literature review of the current state of the etiology and pathogenesis of genomic imprinting disorders such as Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome was performed. The mechanisms of the development of sleep disorders associated with these syndromes related to impaired expression of specific genes are considered in detail. The article focuses on modern sleep disorder treatment methods in Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes and shows their effectiveness and prospects for use in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 5. Vyp. 2","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Personality traits of patients with eating disorders].","authors":"Yu A Nikolkina, A M Skupova, N V Chernov, E V Mazurova, L S Satyanova, A A Shafarenko, O A Karpenko, G P Kostyuk","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512504168","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202512504168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the personality traits of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) based on the human-structural personality model by Günter Ammon. The focus is on the impact of these traits on the development and persistence of eating disorders (ED).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 131 patients diagnosed with AN (<i>n=</i>72) and BN (<i>n=</i>59). The study used clinical, psychopathological, psychometric, and statistical methods. The I-structural test of Ammon was used to assess personality structure. Sixty-four patients were retested 18 months after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline data showed reduced structural ego functions in all patients. Significant differences (<i>p</i><0.05) were found in the narcissism scale: in patients with AN - 36.32±1.82, in patients with BN - 18.97±1.82 (<i>p<</i>0.001). Patients with AN had more pronounced destructive and deficient traits related to fear and inner limits. In contrast, patients with BN had more pronounced destructive and deficient traits related to external limits and impulsivity. After 18 months, there was an improvement in measures of constructive anxiety, narcissism, and sexuality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All patients had difficulties with identity formation, emotion regulation, and frustration tolerance. Patients with AN showed rigid internal limits and emotional suppression, and patients with BN showed weak limits and a tendency to impulsive actions. Improvement during treatment confirms the need for an individual approach based on the patient's traits in the therapeutic process. It may contribute to reducing the risk of recurrence and achieving a long-term remission of the ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 4","pages":"68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Neurological complications involving the cervical spine as a cause of adverse outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].","authors":"M Yu Martynov, E I Schmidt, L P Belikova, B S Lepeshkin","doi":"10.17116/jnevro2025125061133","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro2025125061133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. Erosive arthritis and pannus are key clinical features of RA, and the cervical spine (CS) involvement in RA is ranked 3rd in frequency after hand and foot joint involvement. Neurological complications in patients with the CS involvement significantly aggravate the course of RA and can cause an adverse outcome. Two clinical cases of RA patients with subluxation in the atlanto-occipital (AOJ) and atlanto-axial (AAJ) joints, pannus, and fatal outcome are presented. It was found that one of the first symptoms of AOJ and AAJ subluxations may be headache in the occipital region and pain in the upper cervical spine. The progression of instability in these joints leads first to transient and later persistent symptoms of involvement of the medulla oblongata and the cervical spinal cord. Early diagnosis of clinical manifestations, follow-up of radiological changes, and consultation with a neurosurgeon are important in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 6","pages":"133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association of cortisol levels with psychopathological features of depression and therapeutic response in female patients].","authors":"O A Yunilainen, E G Starostina, P A Baranov, S A Zozulya, I N Otman, E G Przhiyalkovskaya, I V Oleichik, Yu A Chaika","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512506145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202512506145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the association of cortisol level, clinical features of depression, its nosological type, and the therapeutic response in female patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>69 females aged 18 to 50 were examined; clinical-psychopathological, clinical-prospective, psychometric, laboratory, and statistical methods were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>17 patients were included in the group with depression without signs of resistance, and 52 in the group of therapeutically resistant depression (TRD). Hypercortisolemia at baseline was observed in 23% of patients, and hypocortisolemia in 6%. The absence of cortisol inhibition in a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) was found in 42% of patients. Patients with hypercortisolemia were more likely to be diagnosed with paroxysmal schizophrenia compared to patients with normal cortisol: 3/16 (19%) vs. 1/49 (2%), respectively (<i>p</i>=0.043). There were no differences in the clinical and psychopathological structure of depression and its formal severity in patients with hypercortisolemia and normal cortisol levels. In psychometric assessment, patients with hypercortisolemia had significantly higher scores of psychomotor retardation (HAMD, case report form) than those with normal cortisol levels (<i>p</i>=0.009). In the group with negative LDDST, significantly higher agitation (<i>p</i>=0.045) and adynamia (<i>p</i>=0.017) scores were found than those with positive LDDST. In patients with abnormal circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion, significantly higher anhedonia scores were noted than in patients with normal daily cortisol secretion (<i>p</i>=0.02). The state of patients with negative LDDST was significantly worse at follow-up examination than in those with positive LDDST (<i>p</i>=0.04). In patients with a good response to treatment, the cortisol level in LDDST upon repeated examination was significantly lower than in non-curable patients: 34.1 [22.8-65.3] and 80.2 [66.8-120.8] nmol/L, respectively (<i>p</i>=0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with depression, the prevalence of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction is higher than in the general population. HPA axis dysfunction appears to be associated with psychomotor retardation, adynamia, agitation, and anhedonia. The lack of cortisol inhibition in LDDST is the most reliable laboratory marker of a low-curable depressive state. Absolute treatment resistance in depression is associated with HPA axis dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 6","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical guidelines «Cognitive disorders in the elderly and senile persons»].","authors":"O N Tkacheva, N N Yahno, N G Neznanov, S V Shport, N A Shamalov, O S Levin, G P Kostyuk, E I Gusev, M Yu Martynov, S I Gavrilova, Yu V Kotovskaya, E A Mkhitaryan, M A Cherdak, I V Kolykhalov, A B Shmukler, L E Pishchikova, A N Bogolepova, I V Litvinenko, A Yu Emelin, V Yu Lobzin, E E Vasenina, N M Zalutskaya, V V Zaharov, I S Preobrazhenskaya, M V Kurmyshev, V B Savilov, R I Isaev, A Sh Chimagomedova, N G Dudchenko, E I Palchikova, N A Gomzyakova, K V Zanin","doi":"10.17116/jnevro2025125337","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro2025125337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical guidelines «Cognitive disorders in the elderly and senile persons».</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 3. Vyp. 3","pages":"7-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of the relationship of individual characteristics of the brain bioelectrical activity with levels of mental stress, aggression, anxiety, and depression].","authors":"A A Chizhikova, A P Gimbelevskaya, S Yu Bakoev, A A Keskinov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro2025125051108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2025125051108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify relationships between the features of bioelectrical activity (BEA) of the brain and levels of mental stress, aggression, anxiety, and depression.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 50 apparently healthy volunteers (mean age 23-54 years (32.5±8.2), 62% females, 38% males). A set of validated psychological tests was used for clinical and psychological assessment: the neuropsychiatric stress questionnaire, the Spielberger Anxiety Scale for the overall study population (50 subjects); the Beck's Depression Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire for the sample with similar sex and age (31 subjects). Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain activity as an accessible and non-invasive method with high time resolution. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the BEA obtained by spectral analysis of native EEG segments were compared with the test results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant correlations between the results of most psychological tests and BEA parameters were identified. Many scales showed a positive correlation with the amplitude of the dominant alpha activity: for mental stress, in symmetrical zones from the occipital-parietal to the anterior temporal and frontal leads; for stress-associated overexertion, in narrower anterior temporal and temporal zones; for hostility, extensively from the frontal and anterior temporal to the occipital and right parietal regions; for anger, locally in the left frontal and anterior temporal region; for trait anxiety, bilaterally in the parietal and occipital regions. The dominant frequency of alpha activity was negatively correlated with the level of state anxiety in the central and right occipital and temporal lead. In the theta range, there was an acceleration of oscillations in the right posterior and left parietal and temporal leads in subjects with high state anxiety, as well as bilateral enhancement in the posterior regions in subjects with mental stress. In the left hemisphere, the dominant frequency of beta-2 activity was directly related to the scale of depression and its cognitive-affective manifestations, as well as to the stress counteraction scale. A negative correlation was noted between the overall depression score and the frequency of beta-1 activity locally in the left frontal-central lead.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The identified signs need further research as possible markers of the cortex BEA to assess a mental state or personality traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 5","pages":"108-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Curcumin-induced increased retinal fluorescence as a new method in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease].","authors":"E S Strumentova, V Yu Lobzin, D S Maltsev, M A Burnasheva, T V Sergeeva, A B Buryak","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512504219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202512504219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To search for an effective method for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of amnestic type using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy as a safe and widely available examination method.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 45 patients: 20 with AD, 10 with MCI, and 15 healthy control subjects. The patients were examined to visualize amyloid deposition in the retina using a solid lipid food curcumin ligand and a modified scanning laser ophthalmoscope, with a total of 63 observations since not all subjects were eligible for assessment of the retinas of both eyes. All patients underwent a neurological and ophthalmological examination, neuropsychological testing (MMSE, FCSRT, Clock Drawing test), brain MRI for visual assessment of atrophic changes (using global cortical atrophy scales, GCA and the medial temporal lobe atrophy, MTA), as well as confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy at two timepoints before and during curcumin administration. A semi-automated calculation of the area increase multiplicity (S) and the number (N) of particles with peak brightness (PPB) was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with AD, the following findings were obtained after taking curcumin: N_PPB 167% [129; 258] (<i>p</i>=0.1) and S_PPB 198% [148; 230] (<i>p</i>=0.007); MCI: N_PPB 123% [114; 157] (<i>p</i>=0.15) and S_PPB 129% [110; 140] (<i>p</i>=0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate an increased deposition of beta-amyloid protein in the retina in patients with AD and expand the possibilities of its early diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 4. Vyp. 2","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical and immunological relationships in patients with early schizophrenia].","authors":"V S Serazetdinova, N N Petrova, V V Dorofeykov, M A Mayorova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512502135","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202512502135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study clinical and immunological relationships in patients with early schizophrenia during remission.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Forty-eight patients (53% females and 47% males) were examined at the initial stage of schizophrenia during remission (age 28.3±5.8 years). The duration of the disease was 2.7±1.3 years. The control group consisted of healthy males and females aged 18 to 30 years. The study used clinical-psychopathological and laboratory methods, as well as scale assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with early schizophrenia in remission, in 70% of cases, there was an increase in blood levels of cytokines IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, TNF-α, CCL20/MIP3α (<i>p</i><0.001) compared to the control group. Levels of IL-4 (<i>r</i>=0.45; <i>p</i>=0.023) and IL-9 (<i>r</i>=0.48; <i>p</i>=0.014) correlated with disease duration. The PANSS composite index correlated with IL-6 levels (<i>r</i>=0.46; <i>p</i>=0.022). Levels of several pro-inflammatory blood cytokines were significantly higher in patients treated with first-generation antipsychotics compared with patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in the concentrations of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukins, which are involved in the development of a nonspecific immune response as part of the systemic inflammatory response in patients with early schizophrenia during remission, have been demonstrated. The results suggest that in patients with the first episode of schizophrenia, the activation of immune inflammation plays a significant role in the development of the disease. Over time, such activation may stabilize and is associated with a greater severity of psychopathological symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 2","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Correlation of motor symptoms and cardiovascular dysfunction in Parkinson's disease].","authors":"A A Pilipovich, O V Vorob'eva, S A Makarov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512504159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202512504159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Assessment of cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction, its association with motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dopaminergic therapy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 252 patients with Hoehn and Yahr stage I-III PD. All patients were assessed using a survey of symptoms of orthostatic intolerance (OI), an orthostatic test, UPDRS II-IV, a Sch&En daily activity score, and a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). A heart rate variability (HRV) test was performed on 31 patients and 10 control subjects of comparable age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OI symptoms were detected in 35.3% of patients, orthostatic hypotension in 5.8%, and lying hypertension in 34%. The HRV indices (SDNN, TP, VLF, and LF) were decreased in all patients versus the controls (<i>p</i><0.0001); no normal increase in sympathetic effects occurred with the orthostatic test. The PD stage was associated with OI symptoms (<i>p</i>=0.003), a decrease in the total HRV power (<i>rS</i>=-0.357; <i>p</i>=0.049), an increase in lying hypertension and heart rate, and a decrease in changes in heart rate during the orthostatic test. Patients with OI symptoms had longer PD history and worse Sch&En and UPDRS scores (hypokinesia, posture, resistance, dyskinesia scores). Significant negative correlations of HRV were identified with the same motor indices: UPDRS II and III, impaired gait, posture, stiffness, and rigidity. Resting tremor or action tremor had no association with HRV and OI. The use of dopaminergic drugs (levodopa, amantadines, dopamine receptor agonists) was associated with lower systemic blood pressure and OI symptoms but did not aggravate orthostatic responses and HRV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obtained data indicate the presence in patients with the initial stages of PD of autonomic CV dysfunction, closely related to the motor (especially walking and postural balance) symptoms of PD by a single neurodegenerative process covering both central and peripheral structures of the autonomic nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 4","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Oculomotor disorders in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].","authors":"D R Kuznetsova, M A Kutlubaev, E V Pervushina","doi":"10.17116/jnevro20251250417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20251250417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oculomotor disorders are not typical manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Occasionally, this disease is associated with vertical gaze paresis, presenting a distinct type as «ALS+progressive supranuclear palsy». Studies using eye-tracking methods have revealed a variety of subclinical oculomotor disorders in this disease. These disorders can manifest as changes in reflex and voluntary saccades, antisaccades, smooth tracking eye movements, and fixations. A significant association between oculomotor disorders and clinical manifestations of ALS was reported. The occurrence of oculomotor disorders indicates the involvement of broader neuroanatomical structures, including the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. The lack of consistency in the data from different studies and their limited number emphasize the need for further research in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 4","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}