Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova最新文献

{"title":"[Artificial intelligence capabilities in multiple sclerosis].","authors":"A N Belova, G E Sheiko, E M Rakhmanova, A N Boyko","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512505114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202512505114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematize current data on the potential use of artificial intelligence (AI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) research.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The literature search was performed in electronic search engines Scopus, eLibrary, PubMed using the following keywords: multiple sclerosis, diagnosis, prediction, artificial intelligence, machine learning. Scientific articles published between 2018 and 2024 were selected for the review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A summary of AI technologies and machine learning (ML) models is provided. It is shown that AI opens up vast opportunities for studying the pathogenetic mechanisms of MS development, can help solve differential diagnosis problems, and predict the course of the disease. Examples of the use of ML algorithms to identify MS biomarkers, early diagnosis and prediction of disease activity are described. Restrictions on the use of AI in clinical practice are considered, including the need for access to large databases to create reliable ML algorithms, the lack of information understandable to clinicians about decision-making mechanisms, the risk of system errors and unreliable results, the suitability of the ML model results for those populations used to train this model only.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementing all AI capabilities in the management of MS patients requires the joint efforts of information technology specialists, scientists, and clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 5","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Phenomenon of anticipation in a patient with dystrophic myotonia type 1].","authors":"Yu N Rushkevich, A A Gusina, E V Malgina, S A Likhachev, D A Antonenko","doi":"10.17116/jnevro2025125051131","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro2025125051131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents the authors' clinical observation of a patient with genetically confirmed dystrophic myotonia type 1 and describes the phenomenon of anticipation associated with an increase in the severity of symptoms, an earlier onset of the disease in each subsequent generation, and due to an increasing expansion and the sex of the parent transmitting the mutation. In the described family case, dystrophic myotonia type 1 was observed in four generations. It was inherited through the maternal line as an increase in the number of trinucleotide repeats in the DMPK gene and the severity of clinical symptoms in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 5","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Josef Hyrtl on the etymology of the term «thalamus»].","authors":"S A Kutia, N G Nikolaeva, A V Myazina","doi":"10.17116/jnevro2025125011128","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro2025125011128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article provides a translation of chapter 369 («<i>Thalami nervorum opticorum</i>») of an Austrian anatomist Josef Hyrtl's monograph «Onomatologia anatomica» (1880), where he analyzed the origin of the term «thalamus».</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 1","pages":"128-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pathomorphosis of the Parkinson's disease against the background of DBS STN].","authors":"E V Bril, A A Tomskiy, A A Gamaleya, A A Poddubskaia, D G Kesarev, S M Omarova, N V Fedorova, O S Levin","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512502121","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202512502121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To study the clinical pathomorphosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) against the background of stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS STN).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>: We present a 15-year analysis of 401 patients with PD in two groups: DBS STN (<i>n</i>=233) and drug therapy group (<i>n</i>=168). In order to study the clinical pathomorphism of the disease, an analysis of the dynamics of the main motor symptoms of PD was carried out using the UPDRS scale, as well as an analysis of the survival of patients in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DBS STN significantly improved motor symptoms in patients with PD during the off period by 57.3% by year 1, by 23.7% by year 15. According to this indicator, patients did not reach the preoperative level. During the inclusion period in this group, the improvement was 40%, the indicator remained stable for 3 years, however, due to the progression of the disease, by the 15^th year the deterioration was 20.9%. In the group of patients receiving only drug therapy, there was a progressive worsening of motor symptoms in the off period by 67.5% by the 15^th year of observation, in the on period 64.5% (<i>p</i><0.05). Univariate survival analysis showed that patients receiving STN-DBS had significantly longer survival than those receiving medical treatment alone (<i>p</i>=0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DBS STN changes the clinical pathomorphosis of Parkinson's disease, leading to less severity of parkinsonian symptoms and greater survival of this group of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 2","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The association of NOS1AP gene polymorphisms with the duration of the QT interval in patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic therapy].","authors":"E G Kornetova, S A Galkin, I A Mednova, V V Tiguntsev, D Z Paderina, S A Ivanova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512501198","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202512501198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the associations of <i>NOS1AP</i> gene polymorphisms with the duration of the QT interval (QTc) in patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotics.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>One hundred and sixty-eight patients (78 men and 90 women) with an established diagnosis of schizophrenia were examined. The patients received basic antipsychotic therapy. At the time of admission to the hospital, a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram recording was performed. The calculation of the QTc interval was carried out using the Bazett formula. Three <i>NOS1AP</i> polymorphisms (rs12029454, rs10494366 and rs12143842) were selected for genotyping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spearman's correlation revealed a significant relationship between CPZeq and the duration of the QTc interval in the group of men (r_s=0.262; <i>p=</i>0.021; <i>p</i>_Bonf=0.042). CPZeq was positively correlated with the duration of the QTc interval in men with <i>AA</i> and <i>AG</i> rs12029454 (r_s=0.717; <i>p=</i>0.00025; <i>p</i>_bonf=0.0015), <i>GG</i> and <i>GT</i> rs10494366 (r_s=0.381; <i>p=</i>0.008; <i>p</i>_bonf=0.048), <i>TT</i> and <i>CT</i> rs12143842 (r_s=0.389; <i>p=</i>0.003; <i>p</i>_bonf=0.018) genotypes. We did not find any significant correlations in the group of women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genetic variants rs12029454, rs10494366 and rs12143842 of the <i>NOS1AP</i> gene are associated with the duration of the QTc interval in men with schizophrenia in response to antipsychotics. The <i>AA</i>/<i>AG</i> rs12029454, <i>GG</i>/<i>GT</i> rs10494366 and <i>TT</i>/<i>CT</i> rs12143842 genotypes in men contribute to the prolongation of the QTc interval and the development of undesirable cardiovascular disorders against the background of antipsychotic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 1","pages":"98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Neurobiological potential of astragaloside IV and prospects for its use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease].","authors":"M A Berezutsky, N A Durnova, M N Kurchatova, U A Matvienko","doi":"10.17116/jnevro20251250217","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro20251250217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review presents an analysis of experimental data on the study of the neurobiological effects of astragaloside IV, which can be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Astragaloside IV is a cycloartan triterpene saponin, which is found in the roots of membranous milk vetch (<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> (Fisch. ex Link) Bunge) and has a very wide range of pharmacological activity. In recent years, this compound has attracted attention due to its diverse neurobiological effects. Studies have shown the ability of astragaloside IV to modulate microglial activity. The protective effect of this saponin on neurons from the effects of glutamate-induced neurotoxicity has been demonstrated. In PC12 cells, astragaloside IV is shown to be able to resolve various types of mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress. This compound is also a PPARγ agonist. <i>In vivo</i> experiments have shown that the test substance effectively protects synapses as well as improves cognitive functions, including memory and learning. It is concluded that astragaloside IV, apparently, may be used in the future as a multi-purpose complex therapy for Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 2","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in bodily fluids].","authors":"E A Kovalenko, E V Makhnovich, A V Pervunina, E A Gileva, A N Bogolepova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro20251250118","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro20251250118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the urgent problems of modern health care is Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its early diagnosis. This is due to the rapid global spread of AD, the lack of pathogenetic therapy, and the ability to stabilize the progression of cognitive impairment in the early stages of the disease. Currently, only an autopsy can confirm the diagnosis of AD with 100% reliability, and classical laboratory and instrumental methods of diagnosis verification are difficult to implement in routine clinical practice due to several limitations. That is why the study of new and available biomarkers identified in human bodily fluids is promising for the early diagnosis of AD. The review addresses the problem of AD verification using markers in human bodily fluids, which can be obtained in a non-invasive way. Potential biomarkers of AD in saliva, tear fluid, urine, and nasal secretion are reviewed, and their prognostic values as AD indicators in the early stage are evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 1","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Modern and promising therapies for postherpetic neuralgia].","authors":"A O Dobrosmyslova, V V Khinovker, V A Koryachkin, D V Pokhabov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512504127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202512504127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is highly prevalent among the elderly and immunocompromised patients and decreases patients' quality of life. Currently, much attention is paid to the prevention of this disease and the development of new therapies and treatment approaches. The article discusses new targets for treating this type of pain, both pharmacotherapy and invasive methods. Analysis of clinical trials shows that a combination of different therapies can improve symptom management and patients' quality of life. It was shown that the earlier the treatment of PHN begins, the higher the probability of gaining control over the pain severity. The article emphasizes the need for further research to optimize approaches to PHN treatment and raise the medical community's awareness about new treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 4","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients after a stroke in terms of changes in clinical and functional characteristics].","authors":"K A Skliannaia, V A Bronnikov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512503211","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202512503211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the main clinical syndromes in patients and the corresponding domains of individual profiles of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF); to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation using assessment scales, clinical syndromes, and indicators of rehabilitation profiles of ICF.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>During the rehabilitation course, 38 stroke patients were examined using clinical examination data, ICF instruments, and standard rehabilitation scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The domains of function (muscle strength, muscle tone, short-term memory), activity and participation (hand use, walking, changes in body position), and context factors (items for everyday use, family, and immediate family) were identified as the most frequently represented in patient profiles. There were correlations between neurological syndromes (neglect, hemianopsia) and activity domains (doing housework, maintaining the daily routine). Activity domains were established that most reliably reflect the effectiveness of rehabilitation with a significant improvement in neurological status (hand use, walking, posture change, and overcoming stress).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of ICF individual rehabilitation profiles in assessing the clinical and functional status of patients after a stroke helps to identify the leading clinical syndromes and the corresponding limitations of activity and participation, demonstrates the prospects for using rehabilitation profiles both for constructing prognostic models for certain activity limitations and makes it possible to identify the most significant problems for patients, and set personalized rehabilitation goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 3. Vyp. 2","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Methods for determining the extent of ischemic changes in brain matter in the prognosis of clinical outcome after successful thromboextraction].","authors":"K V Anisimov, N H Gorst, A B Berdalin, A V Kostin, K N Zhuravlev, D V Skrypnik, N A Shamalov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202512503217","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202512503217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the method of primary assessment of the extent of ischemic changes of the brain matter with the greatest prognostic significance for the clinical outcome of the disease in case of successful thromboextraction (achievement of TICI 2b/3 blood flow).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The retrospective analysis included 90 patients with ischemic stroke in the carotid system, admitted within 0 to 16 hours from the onset of the disease and performed thromboextraction with achieved TICI 2b/3 blood flow. The group with good/satisfactory functional recovery (mRS score 0-3) included 69 patients; the group with poor functional recovery/death (mRS score 4-6) included 21 patients. The study examined the prognostic significance of methods for assessing ischemic changes in native CT images (both by a doctor and using artificial intelligence) and methods for automatic cerebral perfusion analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the ROC analysis results, ROC curves were obtained corresponding to the relationship between the extent of ischemic changes in the brain matter and a good/satisfactory outcome (mRS 0-3). The largest area under the ROC curve was obtained when assessing the volume of brain matter with rCBF <30% (0.861, 95% CI 0.753-0.968, <i>p</i><0.0005) and the ASPECTS score evaluated retrospectively by an expert-level physician (0.846, 95% CI 0.738-0.953, <i>p</i><0.0005). When assessing the T_max/rCBF of the mismatch, the area under the ROC curve was 0.794 (95% CI 0.639-0.949, <i>p</i>=0.001); for the eASPECTS score 0.764 (95% CI 0.653-0.874, <i>p</i><0.0005); for the volume of the brain matter with early CT signs of ischemia 0.751 (95% CI 0.631-0.872, <i>p</i>=0.001); for the ASPECTS score evaluated prospectively by radiologist on duty 0.777 (95% CI 0.667-0.887, <i>p</i><0.0005); for the volume of the brain matter with T_max >6 s (0.607, 95% CI 0.457-0.757, <i>p</i>=0.213).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ASPECTS score, eASPECTS, the volume of brain matter with early CT signs of ischemic changes, the volume of brain matter with rCBF <30%, as well as the T_max/rCBF mismatch value predict the outcome of the disease with a high degree of confidence within the timeframe from 0 to 16 hours. The ASPECTS score assessed by an expert doctor and the volume of the brain substance with rCBF <30% had the greatest prognostic value for the functional outcome. The volume with a T_max >6 s had the least predictive value. Methods for assessing brain matter using artificial intelligence algorithms (eASPECTS and volume with early signs of ischemia) showed predictive value for the functional outcome comparable to the ASPECTS score obtained by radiologists on duty in routine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"125 3. Vyp. 2","pages":"17-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}