Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova最新文献_第6页

[Pharmacological treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome]. [阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的药物治疗]。

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202612605248

M V Tardov, A V Boldin, A A Filin, I Kotidis, I A Bokova, V M Tardova, O A Bokova

{"title":"[Pharmacological treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].","authors":"M V Tardov, A V Boldin, A A Filin, I Kotidis, I A Bokova, V M Tardova, O A Bokova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612605248","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202612605248","url":null,"abstract":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that is increasingly prevalent in developed countries. OSAS treatment involves multiple components, including general lifestyle modifications and specific interventions such as intraoral fixation devices and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Surgical treatments, including correction of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal structures, orthognathic operations, and bariatric surgery, are used under strict indications. Until recently, pharmacological management was limited to nasal decongestants for rhinitis exacerbation and modafinil for daytime sleepiness. However, low compliance with non-surgical therapies and limited efficacy of some surgical procedures highlight the need for effective drug treatments for OSAS. Despite decades of research, a highly effective pharmacological therapy was not available until the past 6-7 years, when new agents and their combinations were evaluated. Randomization by OSAS endotype is now recognized as crucial in clinical studies. This review summarizes recent advances in OSAS drug therapy, primarily based on randomized clinical trials, with a focus on agents such as semaglutide, tirzepatide, atomoxetine-oxybutynin, solriamfetol, sultiame, and acetazolamide, as well as established drugs. Further research with long-term follow-up and consideration of OSAS endotypes and drug side effects is needed. The importance of combining different therapeutic approaches for OSAS is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 5. Vyp. 2","pages":"48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Postpartum depression: challenges in diagnosis and destigmatization]. [产后抑郁症：诊断和去污名化的挑战]。

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202612605129

S A Kashchenko, A A Arutyunyan, S R Shakhnidaryan, A N Popkova, A A Kotova, N S Fomina

{"title":"[Postpartum depression: challenges in diagnosis and destigmatization].","authors":"S A Kashchenko, A A Arutyunyan, S R Shakhnidaryan, A N Popkova, A A Kotova, N S Fomina","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612605129","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202612605129","url":null,"abstract":"Postpartum depression (PPD) is among the most prevalent mental disorders, affecting approximately 17% of women worldwide. This condition represents a significant medical and social concern, negatively influencing both the psychophysiological health of mothers and the cognitive and emotional development of their newborns. The ongoing relevance of this issue is underscored by the persistent gap between evidence-based diagnostic methods and the actual care coverage for affected women. Multi-level barriers, particularly stigma, frequently compel women to conceal symptoms and avoid seeking assistance. This review aims to systematize recent international scientific findings on the principal obstacles to diagnosing PPD and to evaluate effective strategies to overcome these challenges. The literature search included PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, covering publications from 2016 to 2025. Addressing stigma is essential for improving the health of millions of mothers and their families. An interdisciplinary approach within a destigmatized environment can facilitate early detection, comprehensive risk assessment, and timely intervention, thereby enhancing outcomes.","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 5","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Postischemic reperfusion and "reperfusion paradox" in ischemic stroke]. [缺血性脑卒中后再灌注与“再灌注悖论”]。

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202612605135

S A Ikonnikova, A N Yasamanova, P R Kamchatnov, A V Kubenko

引用次数: 0

[Predictors of life engagement in patients with schizophrenia]. [精神分裂症患者生活投入的预测因素]。

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202612605183

E G Kornetova, S A Galkin, D A Petkun, A N Kornetov

{"title":"[Predictors of life engagement in patients with schizophrenia].","authors":"E G Kornetova, S A Galkin, D A Petkun, A N Kornetov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612605183","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202612605183","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study predictors of life engagement in patients with schizophrenia.Material and methods: The study examined 403 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Their life engagement was assessed using the 14-item Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-14): P2, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, G6, G7, G11, G13, G15, and G16. Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) scale. The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) was used to assess the patients' overall condition, symptom severity (CGI-S), and changes during therapy (CGI-I).Results: Among the significant predictors of decreased life engagement in patients with schizophrenia were a longer history of the disease (p=0.021), the severity of psychopathological symptoms (p=0.023), the CGI-S score (p=0.001), a less pronounced improvement during therapy measured by CGI-I (p<0.001), as well as lower scores of cognitive functioning by BACS (p=0.041). In addition, among the significant «cognitive» predictors of life engagement were working memory (p=0.013) and attention (p=0.004).Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that life engagement in patients with schizophrenia is associated with several clinical features, which emphasizes its multilevel and complex nature. Optimization of psychopharmacotherapy and the use of specialized cognitive remediation methods can be an effective strategy not only for reducing the severity of schizophrenia symptoms, but also for improving the quality of life of patients, contributing to their adaptation and increasing their life engagement.","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 5","pages":"83-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Materials and technologies in neural interfaces: optimization ways for chronic implantation]. 神经接口材料与技术：慢性植入的优化方法

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202612605121

K N Rodionova, E A Vigovskaya, Yu A Novosad, A S Shabunin, S V Vissarionov

引用次数: 0

[Bimanual interaction as an illustration of an integrative approach in post-stroke neurorehabilitation]. [双手互动作为卒中后神经康复综合方法的例证]。

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202612603262

S V Kotov, E V Isakova, E S Ponomareva

{"title":"[Bimanual interaction as an illustration of an integrative approach in post-stroke neurorehabilitation].","authors":"S V Kotov, E V Isakova, E S Ponomareva","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612603262","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202612603262","url":null,"abstract":"The review addresses the roles of interhemispheric asymmetry and interhemispheric interaction in the pathogenesis and medical rehabilitation after stroke, with a focus on bimanual training to restore upper-extremity motor function. After a stroke, 50-80% of patients persist with movement disorders affecting not only the paretic but also the «healthy» ipsilateral limb, leading to the avoidance of bilateral patterns in daily activities. Interhemispheric asymmetry is a fundamental property of the brain that is disrupted during a stroke, leading to an imbalance with increased excitability in the intact hemisphere and suppression of the affected hemisphere's functions, which aggravates motor and cognitive deficits after a stroke. Interhemispheric interaction, mainly through the corpus callosum, provides coordination of the brain hemispheres; however, in stroke it leads to an abnormal imbalance, reducing plasticity. Methods for restoring interhemispheric communication include noninvasive brain stimulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation), brain-computer interfaces, and physical activity modulating cerebral hemispheric connectivity. Particular attention is paid to bimanual motor training, which stimulates neuroplasticity, improves bimanual coordination, and reduces the severity of interhemispheric asymmetry. Neuromotorics, a set of bimanual exercises for training fine motor skills, is described. These approaches, especially when combined, are effective for motor recovery but depend on the stroke period and individual factors. The practical significance of integrative rehabilitation in overcoming interhemispheric imbalance and improving patients' functionality and quality of life is emphasized. Further research is needed to optimize bimanual therapy.","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 3. Vyp. 2","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Features of brain involvement in tuberous sclerosis patients in the Republic of Bashkortostan]. [巴什科尔托斯坦共和国结节性硬化症患者脑受累特征]。

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202612603181

R N Mustafin

{"title":"[Features of brain involvement in tuberous sclerosis patients in the Republic of Bashkortostan].","authors":"R N Mustafin","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612603181","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202612603181","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify the features of brain involvement and to characterize the genetic causes of tuberous sclerosis (TS) in patients in the Republic of Bashkortostan.Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of data on patients with TS registered with geneticists of the Republican Medical Genetic Center for the period from 2012 to 2025 was performed.Results: The prevalence of TS in the republic was 2.12 per 100.000 population. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma was detected in 19%, epilepsy in 67%, subependymal hamartomas in 66%, and cortical tubers in 43% of patients. Cognitive deficits were present in 47% of patients, while autism spectrum disorders were found in only 1%. Mutations were identified in the TSC1 gene in 5 patients, the TSC2 gene in 19 patients, and extended deletions of the TSC2 gene in 4 patients.Discussion: TS prevalence in the region is 5.24 times lower than the global average. The frequencies of cortical tubers, subependymal nodes, cognitive deficits, and autism spectrum disorders are also significantly lower than those reported in international meta-analyses. No data were available on behavioral disorders or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Five TSC1 gene mutations (three de novo) and 19 TSC2 gene mutations (one de novo) were reported. Eight patients received targeted therapy.Conclusion: Raising awareness of TS among physicians in all specialties is essential to ensure comprehensive case reporting. Genetic confirmation of TS enables effective treatment with mTOR inhibitors. All TS patients should consult a psychiatrist and psychologist for the diagnosis and management of intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and behavioral disorders.","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 3","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Features of reference choice in the linguistic analysis of speech in the schizophrenia spectrum disorders]. [精神分裂症谱系障碍言语语言分析中的指称选择特征]。

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2026126031161

T E Tyshchishina, M S Kravchuk, M A Omelchenko, O V Fedorova

{"title":"[Features of reference choice in the linguistic analysis of speech in the schizophrenia spectrum disorders].","authors":"T E Tyshchishina, M S Kravchuk, M A Omelchenko, O V Fedorova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro2026126031161","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro2026126031161","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify errors of reference choice associated with the incorrect use of reference means for the linguistic analysis of the speech in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Material and methods: The study included 53 male patients, with a mean age of 18.5±2.3 years: Group 1 with schizotypal disorder (F21) (n=33, 62.3%); Group 2 with schizophrenia (F20) (n=20, 37.7%). The control group included mentally healthy high school students and university students (n=33). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were used. The participants were asked to watch a short film with no speech and retell what they saw. Erroneous use of reference means was noted in the speech. R and RStudio were used to analyze the data obtained.Results: The proportion of use of reduced reference means with reduced referent activation increases from the control group to the schizophrenia group, while normally such errors are virtually absent, and the group with schizotypal disorder falls in between. The difference between the three groups was statistically significant according to the Kruskal-Wallis test (H=20.233, p<0.001), as was the difference between the clinical groups of schizotypal disorder and schizophrenia according to the Mann-Whitney test (U=226, p=0.03781). There was a tendency to significantly increase the share of reference conflicts in the speech of schizophrenia patients. The difference among the three groups was statistically significant according to the Kruskal-Wallis test (H=17.621, p<0.001).Conclusion: The obtained results can serve as an additional criterion for the differential diagnosis of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders.","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 3","pages":"161-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[A clinical case of anxiety-hypochondriacal depression with extensive somatized symptoms in the elderly]. [老年人焦虑疑病症伴广泛躯体症状临床1例]。

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2026126061108

I Yu Dorozhenok, S Jovic, A V Strukova

引用次数: 0

[Synkinesis of the facial and oculomotor muscles]. [面部和动眼肌的联合运动]。

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202612602113

K B Petrov, T V Mitichkina

{"title":"[Synkinesis of the facial and oculomotor muscles].","authors":"K B Petrov, T V Mitichkina","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612602113","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202612602113","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Using literature data, to study the morphofunctional mechanisms of peripheral synkinesis, determine the contribution of trigger points to their development, and assess the potential of using peripheral synkinesis in medical rehabilitation.Material and methods: A systematic analysis of 87 publications from the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for the period from 2020 to 2025. Selection criteria included reviews, clinical studies, and randomized controlled trials.Results: Peripheral synkinesis is predominantly related to III, IV, VI, and VII cranial nerves. The underlying mechanisms include aberrant axon regeneration with ephaptic transmission, hyperexcitability of cranial nerve nuclei, and cortical reorganization. The uniqueness of peripheral synkinesis is due to anatomical features: significant branching and short length of nerves, evolutionary resistance of extraocular and facial muscles to denervation, and the presence of alternative sources of proprioception. Trigger points play a significant role in the pathogenesis of peripheral synkinesis, increasing the hyperexcitability of the brainstem nuclei, and inactivation of the trigger points breaks this pathological system. There are no true contractures in facial muscle paralysis. Cicatricial and adipose degeneration are reported only in subjects with congenital defects of ocular muscle innervation.Conclusion: Peripheral synkinesis is caused by the anatomical features of III-VII cranial nerves (pronounced branching and short length) and craniofacial muscles (presence of alternative sources of proprioception). Trigger points for facial palsy are an early marker of denervation that enhances synkinesis. Their inactivation is reasonable. There are no true contractures of facial muscles; they are mistaken for tonic synkinesis or myokymia. The use of peripheral synkinesis in medical rehabilitation has no pathogenetic ground.","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 2","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0