Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova最新文献

{"title":"[Morphofunctional features of the left ventricle in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia].","authors":"I T Murkamilov, K A Aitbaev, V V Fomin, Zh A Murkamilova, Z R Rayimzhanov, A F Yusupov, Z F Yusupova, T F Yusupova, F A Yusupov, K A Gassanov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612603212","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202612603212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the features of left ventricle (LV) structural adjustment and comorbidity in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) based on gender.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 316 patients diagnosed with chronic cerebral ischemia with a mean age of 61.9 years (range 36 to 86 years). All patients underwent a general clinical examination, assessment of echocardiography parameters, and measurement of the thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media complex (IMC). The patients were divided into two groups based on gender: Group I included males (<i>n</i>=170), and Group II included females (<i>n</i>=146).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In males with CCI, the CCA IMC thickness (1.23±0.14 mm vs 1.16±0.11 mm, <i>p</i><0.05) and the prevalence of atherosclerotic changes (57.6% vs 34.9%, <i>p</i><0.05) were significantly higher than in females. Normal LV geometry was reported in 59.4% of males and only in 37.0% of females (<i>p</i><0.05). The frequency of concentric LV remodeling was 8.8% in males and 6.2% in females. LV hypertrophy (LVH) was detected in 31.8% of males and 56.8% of females (<i>p</i><0.05). The concentric type of LVH was more common in males (68.5%), whereas the eccentric type prevailed in females (74.7%). A statistically significant correlation of CCA IMC thickness with age (<i>r</i>=0.234), systolic (<i>r</i>=0.209) and diastolic blood pressure (<i>r</i>=0.151), hemoglobin concentration (<i>r</i>=-0.245), end-systolic LV size (<i>r</i>=0.125), end-systolic (<i>r</i>=0.151) and end-diastolic (<i>r</i>=0.135) LV volumes, as well as LV myocardial mass index (<i>r</i>=0.132) in the total sample was found. In the male group, CCA IMC thickness correlated with body mass index (<i>r</i>=0.291) and diastolic blood pressure (<i>r</i>=0.210). In the female group, strong correlations were found with hemoglobin concentration (<i>r</i>=-0.732) and end-systolic LV volume (<i>r</i>=0.176).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with CCI, the most common morphofunctional LV changes were concentric LVH in males and eccentric LVH in females.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 3. Vyp. 2","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Drop attacks: diagnostic crossovers and rare causes].","authors":"E G Mendelevich, E I Bogdanov, T A Mikhailova, A G Akhunova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro2026126031174","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro2026126031174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drop attacks are a well-known term for sudden falls without loss of consciousness. In recent years, this term has been used extensively to describe paroxysms caused by various factors, with or without loss of consciousness, which largely overlap with other conditions characterized by transient loss of consciousness. The article presents a modern view of the etiological spectrum of drop attacks. A clinical case is also presented, in which analysis of the causes of multiple, recurrent paroxysms established a rare etiology for drop attacks: a Chiari malformation type 1. The features of diagnosing drop attacks in Chiari malformation type 1 are discussed, and the differential diagnosis of these conditions is described.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 3","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Correlation network of metabolic indicators in cognitive impairment and normal aging in the elderly].","authors":"N M Zalutskaya, E E Dubinina, N A Gomzyakova, K V Yushchin, L V Shchedrina, R R Fajzrahmanov, N G Neznanov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro2026126091123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2026126091123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a comparative assessment of metabolic, hematological, and antioxidant parameters in the peripheral blood of cognitively intact elderly individuals versus patients experiencing mild cognitive impairment, as well as to establish the correlations among the studied metrics within the respective groups.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The cross-sectional cohort study included 172 outpatients aged 60 years and older, who were assessed at the V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology. Two groups were established: one comprising patients with mild cognitive impairment (<i>n</i>=118) and another with cognitively intact individuals (<i>n</i>=54). Participants underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments, as well as magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. A laboratory examination of fasting venous blood was performed, encompassing evaluations of hematological and biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids using gas chromatography. Non-parametric comparison methods and correlation analyses were applied (<i>p</i>≤0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that patients with mild cognitive impairment exhibited a statistically significant reduction in the activities of superoxide dismutase (1412 IU/g of Hb and 1512.98 IU/g of Hb, respectively; <i>p</i>=0.048), catalase (7.17 IU/mL and 9.03 IU/mL; <i>p<</i>0.001), and glutathione peroxidase (47.81 IU/mL and 69.22 IU/mL of erythrocyte suspension; <i>p<</i>0.001). Additionally, the concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (3.10 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 4.20 <i>μ</i>g/mL; <i>p</i>=0.004) and docosahexaenoic acid (8.85 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 11.80 <i>μ</i>g/mL; <i>p</i>=0.005) were notably decreased. Correlation analysis revealed an increase in intersystemic relationships among lipid metabolism, the antioxidant system, and hematological parameters, alongside a decrease in intrasystem correlations compared with the cognitively intact group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study results suggest that mild cognitive impairment is associated with initial signs of metabolic dysregulation and a reorganization of metabolic system integration. These findings may be significant for stratifying risk associated with cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 9","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The correlation of interleukin 2 and interleukin 4 with alterations in the brachiocephalic arteries in patients with obstructive sleep apnea].","authors":"S S Rubina, I I Makarova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro2026126091132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2026126091132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) and the alterations occurring in the extracranial levels of arteries of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 65 subjects participated in the study, comprising 40 males (61.5%) and 25 females (38.5%), with a mean age of 52.86±9.75 years. The subjects were categorized into two distinct groups: the main group, consisting of 37 patients with OSA and an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of more than 15 episodes per hour, and the control group, consisting of 28 subjects without OSA and an AHI of less than 5 episodes per hour. The diagnostic procedure for all subjects encompassed anthropometric measurements, polysomnography, and ultrasound imaging of the brachiocephalic arteries (BCA). The assessment of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) and hypertension (HTN) was conducted. IL-2 and IL-4 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among patients diagnosed with OSA, CCI was detected in 75.7% of cases, and atherosclerotic changes in the BCA were observed in 89.2%. Furthermore, these patients presented with a bilateral increase in the diameters of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the internal carotid artery (ICA) (<i>p</i><0.05), alongside a noted increase in IL-2 levels and a significantly reduced IL-4 levels. In the main group, a positive correlation was established between the diameter of the left ICA and IL-4 (<i>r</i>=0.421, <i>p=</i>0.009), as well as between the diameter of the right ICA and IL-4 (<i>r</i>=0.482, <i>p=</i>0.003). A positive association was also observed between the detected atherosclerotic alterations and neck circumference (<i>r</i>=0.269, <i>p=</i>0.030), AHI (<i>r</i>=0.255, <i>p=</i>0.041), HTN (<i>r</i>=0.336, <i>p=</i>0.006), and CCI (<i>r</i>=0.255, <i>p=</i>0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study demonstrate that patients with OSA exhibit increasingly persistent and significant abnormalities in the extracranial arteries as the pathological process advances. The noted dilation of the ICA and the CCA in the main group is likely due to vascular remodeling and reduced IL-4 levels. The established correlation between atherosclerotic changes in the BCA and metrics such as neck circumference, AHI, HTN, and CCI suggests that OSA may directly induce pathological processes in vascular walls, thereby contributing to the emergence of comorbid conditions. The absence of a definitive link between BCA atherosclerosis and IL-4 levels in OSA patients may be attributable to the relatively small sample size, warranting further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 9","pages":"132-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Obsessive-compulsive disorder in the context of schizotypal disorder among children and adolescents].","authors":"T E Blinova, Yu A Chaika, A V Goryunov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612609220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202612609220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review analyzes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the context of schizotypal disorder (STD) among children and adolescents. Recent studies indicate that children with schizophrenia spectrum disorders have an elevated risk of developing obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Additionally, comorbidity of OCD with schizophrenia or STD is linked to a more severe clinical trajectory and lower responsiveness to treatment. The manifestation of OCD in patients with STD diverges from classical presentations, requiring comprehensive diagnostic approaches to elucidate etiological mechanisms, assess prognosis, and guide effective interventions. The literature emphasizes both the importance and the ongoing underdevelopment of this area. This issue lies at the intersection of two principal challenges in contemporary psychiatry: the nosological distinction between obsessive-compulsive and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and the development of precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies within the psychotic disorder continuum. To date, no studies have examined correlations between STD and OCD symptoms using validated psychometric tools, such as the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Evidence of the adverse effects of comorbid symptoms on social functioning and prognosis further highlights the clinical relevance of this topic for improving quality of life in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 9. Vyp. 2","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Russian early childhood psychiatry: challenges and prospects].","authors":"A V Goryunova, Yu S Shevchenko, A V Goryunov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro20261260925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20261260925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the main challenges In Russian early childhood psychiatry. It outlines the developmental stages of Russian \"micropsychiatry,\" which addresses children from the first year of life to age four, and notes its close relationship with pediatrics, neurology, and early childhood psychology. The increasing prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in recent decades underscores the need for early diagnosis, rehabilitation, comprehensive treatment, and prevention within national policies aimed at strengthening the mental health of the younger generation. Establishing a system for early detection and comprehensive intervention for developmental disorders in children within primary healthcare settings has therefore become a priority. Early childhood psychiatry currently faces clinical-diagnostic, classification, terminological, interdepartmental, therapeutic-corrective, and organizational-methodological challenges, which this article examines along with proposed solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 9. Vyp. 2","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Efficacy and clinical significance of choline alfoscerate in pre-dementia cognitive impairment. (A systematic review and meta-analysis of three randomized trials)].","authors":"A A Shmonin, I Kh Kashaev, G S Bakulin, M A Bolshepalov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612609175","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202612609175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of choline alfoscerate in mild cognitive impairment through a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials considering potential sources of bias.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A systematic search and meta-analysis were conducted, including three randomized controlled trials of choline alfoscerate as an adjunct to standard therapy for patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment of vascular, degenerative, or mixed etiology. Quantitative analysis included baseline data (<i>n</i>, M, SD) from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Effect size was assessed using Cohen's d with Hedges' g correction and the unstandardized mean difference (MD) within a random-effects model. Heterogeneity indicators (Q, I², <i>τ</i>²) and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were also calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adding choline alfoscerate to standard therapy significantly increased MoCA scores compared with control groups. In two of the three studies, the effect size surpassed the MCID threshold, indicating clinical significance. Despite high statistical heterogeneity, the effect direction was consistent. The tolerability profile was favorable, as the incidence and pattern of adverse events were comparable to those observed in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the hypothesis that choline alfoscerate, as part of medical rehabilitation, is effective in patients with cognitive impairment and underscore the need for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 9","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Neuropsychological disorders in patients with serofast state].","authors":"U S Kostina, V V Shprakh, N A Shpakova","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612606166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202612606166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study involved an analysis of neuropsychological functions in 68 patients, aged 27 to 64 years, who exhibited serofast state following syphilitic infection. A comprehensive approach was adopted, including questionnaires, neurological examinations, and cognitive assessments to evaluate participants' cognitive status. The primary objective of this research was to assess cognitive functioning among individuals in this population. The results indicated that a significant proportion of the subjects displayed a persistent craving for alcohol, suggesting potential dependence and alterations in their psycho-emotional state. Notably, among male participants, there was a higher incidence of aggressive behavior, difficulties in social adaptation, and a tendency toward spontaneous, unpredictable actions. Moreover, there was frequent disregard for generally accepted norms and behavioral standards. Conversely, female participants were more likely to exhibit abrupt mood fluctuations, which often resulted in conflictual behavior characterized by aggressive elements. Additionally, there were manifestations of vindictiveness and suspicion among the subjects. The inclination to manage emotional states through alcohol consumption was particularly evident among the women involved in the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 6","pages":"66-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148341526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pain and cognitive impairment: from sensory indifference to neurodegenerative phenotype].","authors":"F A Yusupov, M Sh Abdykadyrov","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612606123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202612606123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematize and analyze modern scientific data on pain sensitivity in patients with cognitive impairment, focused on its potential value as a neurophysiological biomarker of neurodegeneration.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A targeted review of peer-reviewed papers available in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was conducted, mainly since 2015. The review includes original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses on pain sensitivity in dementia, neurophysiological aspects of pain perception, and pathophysiological mechanisms linking chronic pain to neurodegenerative processes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review revealed a paradoxical dissociation between a decrease in complaints of pain and a persistent or enhanced neuronal response to pain stimuli in patients with dementia. Major mechanisms include prefrontal cortex dysfunction, impaired downward pain modulation, neuroinflammation, and glial activation. Clinically, they manifest as an increase in pain thresholds along with an increase in the affective component of pain, leading to underdiagnosis and inadequate therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The change in pain sensitivity in patients with cognitive impairment is not a quantitative reduction, but a qualitative dysregulation of pain perception. This phenomenon reflects the neurodegeneration severity and may serve as a promising biomarker for dementia. Longitudinal studies and the development of standardized assessment methods are required for its clinical validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 6","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148341555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Migraine: issues of pathogenesis and drug therapy].","authors":"T S Ganshina, A V Gnezdilova, S A Litvinova, T A Voronina","doi":"10.17116/jnevro202612601145","DOIUrl":"10.17116/jnevro202612601145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review discusses the relationship between the mechanisms of migraine pathogenesis, namely, cortical spreading depression, changes in cerebral circulation during a migraine attack and with cortical spreading depression, and the role of serotonin and the calcitonin gene-related peptide in regulating cerebral vessels and their involvement in the emergence of a migraine attack. Drugs used for the treatment and prevention of migraine, as well as new compounds being developed for the treatment and prevention of migraine attacks, are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":56370,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova","volume":"126 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}