Human Factors最新文献

{"title":"Adopting Stimulus Detection Tasks for Cognitive Workload Assessment: Some Considerations.","authors":"Francesco N Biondi","doi":"10.1177/00187208241228049","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241228049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article tackles the issue of correct data interpretation when using stimulus detection tasks for determining the operator's workload.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Stimulus detection tasks are a relative simple and inexpensive means of measuring the operator's state. While stimulus detection tasks may be better geared to measure conditions of high workload, adopting this approach for the assessment of low workload may be more problematic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This mini-review details the use of common stimulus detection tasks and their contributions to the Human Factors practice. It also borrows from the conceptual framework of the inverted-U shape model to discuss the issue of data interpretation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The evidence being discussed here highlights a clear limitation of stimulus detection task paradigms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is an inherent risk in using a unidimensional tool like stimulus detection tasks as the primary source of information for determining the operator's psychophysiological state.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Two recommendations are put forward to Human Factors researchers and practitioners dealing with the interpretation conundrum of dealing with stimulus detection tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2561-2568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11475934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Open Public Electric Vehicle Direct Current Fast Chargers.","authors":"David Rempel, Carleen Cullen, Mary Matteson Bryan, Gustavo Vianna Cezar","doi":"10.1177/00187208231215242","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231215242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to systematically evaluate the usability of all public electric vehicles (EV) direct current fast chargers (DCFC) in the San Francisco region.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>To achieve a rapid transition to EVs, a highly reliable and easy to use charging infrastructure is critical to building confidence among consumers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The functionality and usability of all 182 open, public DCFC charging stations with CCS connectors (combined charging system) in the 9 counties of the Bay Area were tested (655 electric vehicle service equipment (EVSE) ports). An EVSE was classified as functional if it charged an EV for 2 minutes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 73.3% of the 655 EVSEs were functional. The causes of the nonfunctioning EVSEs (23.5%) were blank or unresponsive screens or error messages; payment system failures; charge initiation failures; network failures; or broken connectors. In addition, the cable was too short to reach the EV inlet for 3.2% of the EVSEs. A random sampling of 10% of the EVSEs, approximately 8 days after the first evaluation, found no overall change in functionality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The level of functionality found with field testing conflicts with the 95-98% uptime reported by the EV service providers (EVSPs) who operate the EV charging stations. There is a need for precise and verifiable definitions of <i>uptime</i>, <i>downtime</i>, and <i>excluded time</i>, as applied to public EV chargers.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>The level of failure of the existing public EV DCFC charge infrastructure highlights the importance of improving the system design and maintenance to improve adoption of EVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2528-2538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"False Alarm Effects in Early Warnings for Emergency Vehicles: Exploring Drivers' Move-Over Behavior.","authors":"Kajsa Weibull, Björn Lidestam, Erik Prytz","doi":"10.1177/00187208231216835","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231216835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated drivers' move-over behavior when receiving an Emergency Vehicle Approaching (EVA) warning. Furthermore, the possible effects of false alarms, driver experience, and modality on move-over behavior were explored.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>EVA warnings are one solution to encourage drivers to move over for emergency vehicles in a safe and timely manner. EVA warnings are distributed based on the predicted path of the emergency vehicle causing a risk of false alarms. Previous EVA studies have suggested a difference between inexperienced and experienced drivers' move-over behavior.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A driving simulator study was conducted with 110 participants, whereof 54 inexperienced and 56 experienced drivers. They were approached by an emergency vehicle three times. A control group received no EVA warnings, whereas the experimental groups received either true or false warnings, auditory or visual, 15 seconds before the emergency vehicle overtook them.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drivers who received EVA warnings moved over more quickly for the emergency vehicle compared to the control group. Drivers moved over more quickly for each emergency vehicle interaction. False alarms impaired move-over behavior. No difference in driver behavior based on driver experience or modality was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EVA warnings positively affect drivers' move-over behavior. However, false alarms can decrease drivers' future willingness to comply with the warning.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>The findings regarding measurements of delay can be used to optimize the design of future EVA systems. Moreover, this research should be used to further understand the effect of false alarms in in-car warnings.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2518-2527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Passive Back-Support Exosuit on Postural Control and Cognitive Performance During a Fatigue-Inducing Posture Maintenance Task.","authors":"Jiwon Kim, Sang Hyeon Kang, Jinfeng Li, Gary A Mirka, Michael C Dorneich","doi":"10.1177/00187208231221890","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231221890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of passive back-support exosuit on postural control and cognitive performance during a fatigue-inducing posture maintenance task.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Wearable support systems (exoskeletons/exosuits) reduce physical demands but may also influence postural control and cognitive performance by reducing muscular fatigue.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighteen participants visited on two different days to test an exosuit system and performed dual-task cognitive assessments based on human information processing (information acquisition, information integration, and action implementation) while maintaining a 35° trunk flexion posture for 16 minutes. Center-of-pressure (CoP), cognitive performance, and perceived workload were recorded, while erector spinae muscle activity was captured to quantify muscle fatigue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exosuit was effective in reducing erector spinae muscle fatigue during the static posture maintenance task (61% less in Δmedian frequency: -9.5 Hz (EXO-Off) versus -3.7 Hz (EXO-On)). The fatigue-inducing task increased CoP velocity as a function of time (29% greater: 9.3 mm/sec (pre) versus 12.0 mm/sec (post)), and exosuit use decreased CoP velocity (23% less: 12.1 mm/sec (EXO-Off) versus 9.4 mm/sec (EXO-On)). The exosuit was also effective at mitigating cognitive degradation, as evidenced by a higher hit-to-signal ratio (8% greater: 81.3 (EXO-Off) versus 87.9 (EXO-On)) in the information integration task and reducing perceived workload in all stages of human information processing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exosuit provided benefits of postural control and information integration processing during a 16-min static posture maintenance task.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Torso exoskeletons/suits can have positive implications for occupations with concurrent physical and cognitive demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2451-2467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139081131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication Strategies in Human-Autonomy Teams During Technological Failures.","authors":"Julie L Harrison, Shiwen Zhou, Matthew J Scalia, David A P Grimm, Mustafa Demir, Nathan J McNeese, Nancy J Cooke, Jamie C Gorman","doi":"10.1177/00187208231222119","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231222119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines low-, medium-, and high-performing Human-Autonomy Teams' (HATs') communication strategies during various technological failures that impact routine communication strategies to adapt to the task environment.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Teams must adapt their communication strategies during dynamic tasks, where more successful teams make more substantial adaptations. Adaptations in communication strategies may explain how successful HATs overcome technological failures. Further, technological failures of variable severity may alter communication strategies of HATs at different performance levels in their attempts to overcome each failure.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>HATs in a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System-Synthetic Task Environment (RPAS-STE), involving three team members, were tasked with photographing targets. Each triad had two randomly assigned participants in navigator and photographer roles, teaming with an experimenter who simulated an AI pilot in a Wizard of Oz paradigm. Teams encountered two different technological failures, automation and autonomy, where autonomy failures were more challenging to overcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-performing HATs calibrated their communication strategy to the complexity of the different failures better than medium- and low-performing teams. Further, HATs adjusted their communication strategies over time. Finally, only the most severe failures required teams to increase the efficiency of their communication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HAT effectiveness under degraded conditions depends on the type of communication strategies enacted by the team. Previous findings from studies of all-human teams apply here; however, novel results suggest information requests are particularly important to HAT success during failures.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Understanding the communication strategies of HATs under degraded conditions can inform training protocols to help HATs overcome failures.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2539-2555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wrist Extensor Muscle Fatigue During a Dual Task With Two Muscular and Cognitive Load Levels in Younger and Older Adults.","authors":"Florestan Wagenblast, Thomas Läubli, Robert Seibt, Monika A Rieger, Benjamin Steinhilber","doi":"10.1177/00187208231218196","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231218196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the effect of concurrent physical and cognitive demands as well as age on indicators of muscle fatigue at the wrist.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>There are few studies examining risk indicators for musculoskeletal disorders associated with work-related physical and cognitive demands that often occur simultaneously in the workplace.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four gender-balanced older and 24 gender-balanced younger (mean age 60 and 23 years) participants performed four 30 min dual tasks. Tasks differed by the muscular load level during force tracking: 5% and 10% of maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC) and concurrent cognitive demands on the working memory: easy and difficult. Muscle fatigue was assessed by MVC decline and changes in surface electromyography (increased root mean square: RMS, decreased median frequency: MF) at the extensor digitorum (ED) and extensor carpi ulnaris (EU).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A decline in MVC was found in all participants when tracking was performed at 10% MVC (mean ± SD: 137.9 ± 49.2 - 123.0 ± 45.3 N). Irrespective of age, muscular, or cognitive load, RMS increased (ED 12.3 ± 6.5 - 14.1 ± 7.0% MVE, EU 15.4 ± 7.6 - 16.9 ± 8.6% MVE) and MF decreased (ED 85.4 ± 13.6 - 83.2 ± 12.8 Hz, EU 107.2 ± 17.1 - 104.3 ± 16.7 Hz) in both muscles. However, changes in MF of EU tended to be more pronounced in the older group at higher cognitive and lower muscular load, without reaching statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maximum voluntary contraction indicated no interaction between muscle fatigue, cognitive load, or age. However, the tendencies toward altered muscle activity due to an increase in cognitive load and older age suggest muscular adaptations while maintaining tracking performance during the onset of fatigue signs in the sEMG signal.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>If the tendencies in muscle activity are confirmed by further studies, ergonomic assessments in industrial workplaces should consider cognitive load and age when describing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2433-2450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138500274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a Human Factors and Systems Engineering Approach to Explore Care Transitions of Sepsis Survivors From Hospital to Home Health Care.","authors":"Sungho Oh, Elaine Sang, Michael A Stawnychy, Patrik Garren, Sang Bin You, Melissa O'Connor, Karen B Hirschman, Nancy Hodgson, Teresa Cranston, Juliane Jablonski, Karen O'Brien, Michael Newcomb, Melissa Spahr, Kathryn H Bowles","doi":"10.1177/00187208231222399","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231222399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study aim: </strong>This study aims to describe the transition-in-care work process for sepsis survivors going from hospitals to home health care (HHC) and identify facilitators and barriers to enable practice change and safe care transitions using a human factors and systems engineering approach.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite high readmission risk for sepsis survivors, the transition-in-care work process from hospitals to HHC has not been described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed semi-structured needs assessment interviews with 24 stakeholders involved in transitioning sepsis survivors from two hospitals and one affiliated HHC agency participating in the parent implementation science study, I-TRANSFER. The qualitative data analysis was guided by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework to describe the work process and identify work system elements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 31 tasks characterized as decision making, patient education, communication, information, documentation, and scheduling tasks. Technological and organizational facilitators lacked in HHC compared to the hospitals. Person and organization elements in HHC had the most barriers but few facilitators. Additionally, we identified specific task barriers that could hinder sepsis information transfer from hospitals to HHC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study explored the complex transition-in-care work processes for sepsis survivors going from hospitals to HHC. We identified barriers, facilitators, and critical areas for improvement to enable implementation and ensure safe care transitions. A key finding was the sepsis information transfer deficit, highlighting a critical issue for future study.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>We recommend using the SEIPS framework to explore complex healthcare work processes before the implementation of evidence-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2468-2484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post Take-Over Performance Varies in Drivers of Automated and Connected Vehicle Technology in Near-Miss Scenarios.","authors":"Yusuke Yamani, Jeffrey Glassman, Abdalziz Alruwaili, Sarah E Yahoodik, Emily Davis, Samantha Lugo, Kun Xie, Sherif Ishak","doi":"10.1177/00187208231219184","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231219184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the impact of monitoring instructions when using an automated driving system (ADS) and road obstructions on post take-over performance in near-miss scenarios.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Past research indicates partial ADS reduces the driver's situation awareness and degrades post take-over performance. Connected vehicle technology may alert drivers to impending hazards in time to safely avoid near-miss events.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty-eight licensed drivers using ADS were randomly assigned to either the active driving or passive driving condition. Participants navigated eight scenarios with or without a visual obstruction in a distributed driving simulator. The experimenter drove the other simulated vehicle to manually cause near-miss events. Participants' mean longitudinal velocity, standard deviation of longitudinal velocity, and mean longitudinal acceleration were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in passive ADS group showed greater, and more variable, deceleration rates than those in the active ADS group. Despite a reliable audiovisual warning, participants failed to slow down in the red-light running scenario when the conflict vehicle was occluded. Participant's trust in the automated driving system did not vary between the beginning and end of the experiment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Drivers interacting with ADS in a passive manner may continue to show increased and more variable deceleration rates in near-miss scenarios even with reliable connected vehicle technology. Future research may focus on interactive effects of automated and connected driving technologies on drivers' ability to anticipate and safely navigate near-miss scenarios.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Designers of automated and connected vehicle technologies may consider different timing and types of cues to inform the drivers of imminent hazard in high-risk scenarios for near-miss events.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2503-2517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaningful Communication but not Superficial Anthropomorphism Facilitates Human-Automation Trust Calibration: The Human-Automation Trust Expectation Model (HATEM).","authors":"Owen B J Carter, Shayne Loft, Troy A W Visser","doi":"10.1177/00187208231218156","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231218156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to demonstrate anthropomorphism needs to communicate contextually useful information to increase user confidence and accurately calibrate human trust in automation.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthropomorphism is believed to improve human-automation trust but supporting evidence remains equivocal. We test the Human-Automation Trust Expectation Model (HATEM) that predicts improvements to trust calibration and confidence in accepted advice arising from anthropomorphism will be weak unless it aids naturalistic communication of contextually useful information to facilitate prediction of automation failures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Ninety-eight undergraduates used a submarine periscope simulator to classify ships, aided by the Ship Automated Modelling (SAM) system that was 50% reliable. A between-subjects 2 × 3 design compared SAM <i>appearance</i> (anthropomorphic avatar vs. camera eye) and voice <i>inflection</i> (monotone vs. meaningless vs. meaningful), with the <i>meaningful</i> inflections communicating contextually useful information about automated advice regarding certainty and uncertainty.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Avatar</i> SAM appearance was rated as more anthropomorphic than camera <i>eye</i>, and <i>meaningless</i> and <i>meaningful</i> inflections were both rated more anthropomorphic than <i>monotone</i>. However, for subjective trust, trust calibration, and confidence in accepting SAM advice, there was no evidence of anthropomorphic appearance having any impact, while there was decisive evidence that <i>meaningful</i> inflections yielded better outcomes on these trust measures than <i>monotone</i> and <i>meaningless</i> inflections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anthropomorphism had negligible impact on human-automation trust unless its execution enhanced communication of relevant information that allowed participants to better calibrate expectations of automation performance.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Designers using anthropomorphism to calibrate trust need to consider what contextually useful information will be communicated via anthropomorphic features.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2485-2502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138471326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Safe Patient Handling Equipment and Techniques: A Review of Biomechanical Studies.","authors":"Mike Fray, Kermit G Davis","doi":"10.1177/00187208231211842","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208231211842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aimed to evaluate all studies that have evaluated the biomechanical effects when using assistive devices.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The physical demands of patient handling activities are well known. One safety strategy for the reduction of the physical risks is use of assistive devices.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The search process identified articles published in English-speaking journals through Google Scholar, Medline, and ISI Web of Science. The included 56 studies contained a biomechanical assessment of a patient handling activity with assistive devices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The biomechanical effects included four groups: changes in body posture (spinal, other joints), subjective assessment (force, effort, discomfort), measured force (hand force, ground reaction force, spine force, joint torque), and physiological measures. The evidence showed caregivers benefited from using lift hoists, air-assisted devices, and to a lesser extent friction reducing devices for lateral transfers and repositioning, while floor and ceiling lifts were most effective for patient transfers. Some gaps were noted in the evidence and other handling tasks such as sit-to-stand, turning patient in bed, limb lifting, and repositioning and some more high hazard activities like supporting people with limited balance and those that fall need to be investigated with respect to biomechanical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a growing level of biomechanical evidence to support the use of assistive devices for many patient-handling tasks, but the benefits of equipment use in some transfers remain uninvestigated.</p><p><strong>Practical application: </strong>Evidence indicates the best way to lift patients safely is with floor or ceiling lifts, and air-assisted devices for lateral and repositioning tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"2283-2322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72016301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}