Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"An unusual association between HIV and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a patient from northeastern Brazil","authors":"José Wagner Leonel Tavares-Júnior ,&nbsp;Francisco José Basílio ,&nbsp;Francisco Edson Buhamra Abreu ,&nbsp;Lucas Rodrigues Tomaz dos Santos ,&nbsp;Pablo Picasso de Araújo Coimbra ,&nbsp;Érico Antonio Gomes de Arruda","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prion diseases are significant contributors to rapidly progressive dementia. Among these conditions, sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is the most prevalent, characterized by its rarity, lack of treatment options, and rapid progression to fatality. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical symptoms and specific alterations detected in brain MRI, EEG, and CSF analysis. The present study details the case of a 53-year-old individual from Fortaleza, Brazil, diagnosed with sporadic CJD, confirmed through clinical presentation and a series of diagnostic evaluations, including 14-3-3 protein detection and RT-QuIC analysis. Differential diagnoses were considered to rule out other rapidly progressing conditions, such as infectious and immune-related diseases, ultimately leading to a likely diagnosis of sporadic CJD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of simplifying antiretroviral therapy to maintain viral suppression and improve bone and renal health: comparing simplified and non-simplified therapy","authors":"Juliana Olsen Rodrigues,&nbsp;Alexandre Naime Barbosa,&nbsp;Stephanie Valentini Ferreira Proença,&nbsp;Lenice Rosário de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, particularly tenofovir, can cause long-term side effects such as decreased bone mineral density and estimated glomerular filtration rate. A strategy to mitigate these effects is the simplification of antiretroviral therapy, which involves withdrawing one of the nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors from the therapeutic scheme. While clinical trials and real-world studies have demonstrated that the simplified therapy maintains undetectable viral loads, its impact on bone mineral density and kidney function remains unclear owing to the lack of real-world evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study compared 152 patients who underwent antiretroviral therapy simplification (primarily due to osteopenia, osteoporosis, or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate) with 306 patients who maintained triple therapy, between April 2013 and September 2022. The simplified regimens included lamivudine plus dolutegravir or ritonavir-boosted darunavir. The groups were analyzed based on their demographic characteristics using Student's <em>t-</em>test in the case of symmetric data. Therapeutic success (undetectable viral load at the end of follow-up) was assessed using Kaplan Meier survival analysis. The estimated glomerular filtration rate variation before and after simplification was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Pre-and post-simplification bone mineral density values were evaluated using the chi-square test for trends and assessed in the simplified therapy group. A significance level of 5% (α = 0.05) was adopted for all tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Simplified antiretroviral therapy was non-inferior to triple therapy in maintaining undetectable viral load. Patients receiving simplified regimens showed a positive variation in estimated glomerular filtration rate. A small subset of patients also exhibited improvements in bone mineral density after antiretroviral therapy simplification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that simplified therapy is as effective as triple therapy and has the additional benefit of reducing tenofovir-related adverse events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazilian task force for the management of mucormycosis","authors":"Patrick Leon de Godoy Macedo ,&nbsp;Mariane Taborda ,&nbsp;Vítor Falcão de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Adriana Satie Gonçalves Kono Magri ,&nbsp;Lígia Lins Frutuoso ,&nbsp;Gideane Mendes de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Sinaida T. Martins ,&nbsp;Daniel Wagner de Castro Lima Santos ,&nbsp;Fabianne Altruda de Moraes Costa Carlesse ,&nbsp;Francelise Bridi Cavassin ,&nbsp;Kelsen Dantas Eulálio ,&nbsp;Marcia Lazera Andréa ,&nbsp;Andréa d’Avila Freitas ,&nbsp;José Ernesto Vidal ,&nbsp;Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas ,&nbsp;Marcia Garnica ,&nbsp;Terezinha do Menino Jesus Silva Leitão ,&nbsp;Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira ,&nbsp;Marcia de Souza Carvalho Melhem ,&nbsp;Flavio Queiroz Telles ,&nbsp;Marcello Mihailenko Chaves Magri","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mucormycosis is a rare but life‑threatening fungal infection that has shown an increased incidence in Brazil, especially during the COVID‑19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To provide an evidence‑based, context‑specific guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis within the Brazilian healthcare system. Clinical features: Rhino‑orbito‑cerebral disease predominates, followed by pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal and disseminated forms; delayed recognition dramatically increases mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Epidemiology</h3><div>The global incidence of mucormycosis is increasing, particularly among patients with diabetes mellitus, hematologic malignancies, transplantation, and corticosteroid exposure. The most frequently isolated species is Rhizopus arrhizus, and regional variations in species distribution may be present. In Brazil, comprehensive epidemiological data remain scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Treatment</h3><div>Early, aggressive surgical debridement plus induction with liposomal amphotericin B (5–10 mg/kg/day) followed by isavuconazole or posaconazole is recommended; strict control of hyperglycemia and immunosuppression is essential.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Standardized national guidance, improved rapid diagnostics, systematic surveillance and equitable drug availability are critical to reduce Brazil’s mucormycosis burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of a multidisciplinary team on the management of fracture-related infections: A surveillance study in Brazil","authors":"Icaro Santos Oliveira ,&nbsp;Carlos Augusto Finelli ,&nbsp;Taiana Cunha Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Carolina Coelho Cunha ,&nbsp;Thomas Stravinskas Durigon ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Peixoto Vargas ,&nbsp;Rafael Brull Tuma ,&nbsp;Giselle Burlamaqui Klautau ,&nbsp;Fernando Baldy dos Reis ,&nbsp;Mauro Jose Salles","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fracture-Related Infection (FRI) is an increasing and challenging complication following orthopedic trauma surgery. Preventive and microbial diagnostic measures vary significantly particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The objectives of this national questionnaire were to investigate clinical practices towards preventive and diagnostic strategies adopted by Brazilian orthopedic trauma centers and to assess the impact of Multidisciplinary Teams (MDT) on the management of FRI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 34-item electronic questionnaire was developed via REDCap® and distributed to all trauma surgeons registered of the Brazilian Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (SBOT).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>With a response rate of 24 %, the survey was fully responded by 140 trauma surgeons, 63.6 % of them working in southeast region centers. Collaborative work with MDT focused on musculoskeletal infections was reported by only 41.0 %. Cephalosporins were universally prescribed as Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis (PAP), while association with an aminoglycoside increased (35.0 %) for severe open fracture. One-day duration of PAP for closed fracture was prescribed in 68.1 %, while it often exceeded current recommendations. Diagnostic practices for FRI patients were primarily based on clinical signs and standard radiological and laboratory tests, with limited use of microbiological techniques. Trauma services working collaboratively with MDT significantly improved FRI management, including, use of sonication fluid for diagnosis (46.6 % vs. 26.8 %; <em>p</em> = 0.02), body weight-adjusted antibiotic dosing for PAP (50.0 % vs. 24.4 %; <em>p</em> = 0.02), appropriate duration of PAP according to the severity of soft-tissue damage (80.7 % vs. 59.3 %; <em>p</em> = 0.01), infection risk stratification in elderly patients with fractures (45.6 % vs. 21.0 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), use of negative-pressure wound therapy (87.9 % vs. 54.9 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and regular collaboration with orthoplastic surgeon (44.8 % vs. 17.5 %; <em>p</em> = 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This national survey revealed marked heterogeneity in FRI management across Brazilian trauma services. Ongoing MDT collaboration improved clinical practice, especially diagnostic work-up and antimicrobial stewardship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) in samples from blood donation candidates in the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Carolina Alcântara Maneschy ,&nbsp;Patricia Santos Lobo ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo de Melo Amaral ,&nbsp;Katarine Antonia dos Santos Barile ,&nbsp;Jairo Augusto Americo de Castro ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Vellasco Duarte Silvestre ,&nbsp;Felipe Bonfim Freitas ,&nbsp;Luana Silva Soares ,&nbsp;Sylvia Fátima Santos Guerra","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) is a retrovirus belonging to the Retroviridae family and the Deltaretrovirus genus, which has a tropism for T lymphocytes. Despite being the first human retrovirus identified, knowledge about its infection remains limited, highlighting the need for further research, especially in Northern Brazil.. This study aimed to phylogenetically characterize HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 samples identified in blood donors from the state of Pará. The phylogenetic characterization was performed using DNA samples from blood donors at the HEMOPA Foundation, collected between January 2015 and December 2021. The 5′LTR regions of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were amplified using specific primers with Nested PCR. The amplified products were purified and sequenced using the dideoxynucleotide method, with the same primers used in the Nested PCR, for subsequent phylogenetic analysis and the construction of a sequence database, as well as deposits in GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis of the 5′LTR sequences of HTLV-1 from this study, compared with isolates available in GenBank, showed that 100 samples clustered with Cosmopolitan subtype isolates, Transcontinental subgroup, while 2 samples clustered with Cosmopolitan subtype isolates, Japanese subgroup. Regarding the phylogenetic analysis of HTLV-2 from this study in comparison with other GenBank isolates, most of the isolates clustered with strains described as HTLV-2c, and only three samples clustered with strains described as HTLV-2a. The epidemiological profile found in the analyzed samples consisted mainly of women, with an average age of 40 years and a low level of education. The molecular characterization of the viral genome provides information about the viral subtypes circulating in the population. This information may be important for increasing investments in screening and monitoring individuals infected with HTLV, thereby contributing to prophylactic practices related to infection and the dissemination of knowledge about HTLV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 6","pages":"Article 104577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Staphylococcus aureus infection: associated factors and outcomes.","authors":"Narendra Babu Valobdás, Marcelo Ribeiro Alves, Erica Aparecida Dos Santos Ribeiro da Silva, Maria Cristina da Silva Lourenço, Beatriz Coelho de Negreiros Nascimento, Valdilea Gonçalves Veloso, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Cristiane da Cruz Lamas","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Staphylococcus aureus causes potentially life-threatening infections, with a somber prognosis when the infection is caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus due to limited treatment options. The present study describes serious infections by S. aureus in patients hospitalized in an infectious disease's unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2016 and 2021.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study based on data from positive samples diagnosed by the microbiology laboratory and by review of medical records. Clinical-demographic variables and outcomes were compared between Patients Living with HIV (PLHIV) and non-HIV patients. Data were analyzed using Jamovi 1.6 and R 4.0.1 statistical software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 67 patients with a serious S. aureus infection were identified, of whom 29 presented bacteremia and 38 other infections. Thirty-one of 67 (46.3%) were PLHIV. The median age of all patients was 46years, although PLHIV were significantly younger than non-HIV individuals (36 vs. 60 years-old, p < 0.001). The median CD4 lymphocyte count was 95 cells/mm³. Community infection occurred in 36/67 (53.7%) patients, of whom 19/36 (52.7%) had bacteremia. A total of 20 MRSA infections (29.9% of the patients) were identified, which accounted for 14/36 (38.8%) of the community infections. More than a third of PLHIV (38.7%) had MRSA, and all these were sensitive to cotrimoxazole. No difference in mortality was found between PLHIV and non-HIV patients, nor between the MRSA and MSSA groups. Bacteremia was present in 29 patients; MRSA accounted for 9 (31.0%) of these. The 30-day mortality was 4/9 (44.4%) and 2/20 (10%) in MRSA and MSSA bacteremia, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most frequent comorbidity in patients with severe S. aureus infections was HIV, with a high rate of MRSA infections recorded in PLHIV. PLHIV were younger, but did not suffer higher mortality, although they did have more relapses and new staphylococcal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 5","pages":"104573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low levels of vaccine coverage and immunity against hepatitis B virus in children with hematological malignancies in Brazil","authors":"Vitória Machado Krüger ,&nbsp;Alexandre Lemos da Silva ,&nbsp;Luciano Zubaran Goldani","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatitis B remains a global health concern due its high prevalence and association with chronic liver disease. Although vaccination is safe and effective in immunocompetent individuals, patients with hematological malignancies often exhibit immune dysfunction and reduced vaccine responses, increasing their susceptibility to vaccine-preventable infections. This study aimed to assess the hepatitis B vaccination status and immunoprotection in pediatric oncology patients treated at a tertiary public hospital in southern Brazil. A retrospective, single-center study was conducted with patients aged 0 to 15 years undergoing treatment for hematological malignancies between 2020 and 2022. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from electronic medical records, including vaccination history and hepatitis B serology profile. Vaccination status was verified through the National Immunization Program Information System. A total of 101 patients were evaluated, comprising 58 (57.4 %) males and 43 (42.6 %) females. The predominant diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia, reported in 67 cases (66.3 %). All patients underwent chemotherapy protocols, and 28 (27.7 %) died during the study period. Serological data for hepatitis B were available for 66 patients (65.3 %), with the highest proportions of missing data for anti-HBs (25.7 %) and total anti-HBc (13.9 %). None tested positive for HBsAg, 2 (2.3 %) were positive for total anti-HBc and 33 (44.0 %) for anti-HBs. Regarding vaccination status, 62 (61.4 %) had completed the hepatitis B vaccine series, 12 (11.9 %) had incomplete schedules, and 27 (26.7 %) had no records available. Only 10 patients (13.5 %) received additional vaccination after oncological diagnosis. Among those with a complete vaccination schedule, 27 (55.1 %) did not develop protective antibodies. These findings demonstrate low level of immunoprotection and suboptimal vaccine coverage against hepatitis B in this population. Optimizing vaccination protocols and monitoring strategies are essential to ensure adequate immunization against hepatitis B and other preventable diseases in immunosuppressed pediatric patients receiving care in Brazil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 5","pages":"Article 104575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-base polymorphism of the ACE2 and TNF-alpha genes in patients with the cardiac and indeterminate forms of Chagas disease","authors":"Bruna da Cruz Carvalho ,&nbsp;Cilmery Suemi Kurokawa ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Mattos dos Santos ,&nbsp;Daniela Filadelfo Sanches ,&nbsp;Simone Baldini Lucheis ,&nbsp;Erika Alessandra Pellison Nunes da Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Chagas Disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> and is endemic to 21 Latin American countries. It is estimated that 6 to 7 million people in Latin America are infected. Clinical manifestations occur in two phases, acute and chronic. The chronic phase may present as indeterminate, cardiac, digestive, or mixed. Few studies have investigated why some infected individuals remain asymptomatic, while others develop more severe clinical forms of the disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ACE2 and TNF-alpha genes in chronic and indeterminate forms of CD and assess their association with clinical data and comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 51 male patients with the indeterminate chronic forms of CD and 22 male patients with cardiac chronic forms of CD. All patients were treated at the HC-FMB/UNESP outpatient clinic. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) was extracted from blood samples and genotyped using Sanger sequencing and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) to analyze the ACE2 rs2074192 and TNF-alpha rs1800629 polymorphisms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis of the ACE2 rs2074192 SNP revealed no significant differences in the frequencies of the Guanine (G) and Adenine (A) alleles. Similarly, analysis of the TNF-alpha rs1800629 SNP revealed no significant differences in the frequencies of the GG, GA, and AA genotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>No significant associations were found between the studied polymorphisms and the clinical forms of CD. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 5","pages":"Article 104574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 investigation in cerebrospinal fluid from meningitis patients during the first pandemic wave","authors":"Maria Cecilia Cergole-Novella ,&nbsp;Thayná Rosa Bispo ,&nbsp;Elaine Monteiro Matsuda ,&nbsp;Daniela Rodrigues Colpas ,&nbsp;Ivana Barros de Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects the respiratory system; however, during the first pandemic wave, there was a concern about its neuroinvasive potential due to its ability to replicate in neural cells and the neurological signs widely reported as impaired taste or smell. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from suspected cases of meningitis. During the first year of the pandemic, from January 2020 to February 2021, CSF samples were first submitted to multiplex qPCR to detect the three main bacteria causing meningitis (<em>Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>, and <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em>), as the routine of the laboratory, but also, they were submitted to RT-qPCR to SARS-CoV-2 detection. Some samples (20 %) were positive for one bacterium; however, none were positive for the virus, suggesting that the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in meninges is extremely low. This study with other data in the literature contributes to the epidemiologic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 5","pages":"Article 104571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial profile and antimicrobial resistance in diabetic foot ulcer infections: a 10-year retrospective cohort study","authors":"Roberto Zambelli ,&nbsp;Ana Flavia Santos ,&nbsp;Larissa Resende Moreira ,&nbsp;Hugo Miguel Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Simões ,&nbsp;João Murilo Magalhães ,&nbsp;Priscila Constantino ,&nbsp;Maria Clara Salomão ,&nbsp;Cesar de Cesar Netto ,&nbsp;Amanda Oliveira Leopoldino","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Diabetic Foot Infections (DFI) are severe complications of diabetes, often resulting in poor clinical outcomes, including amputations. The objective of this study is to identify the main pathogens causing infections in the diabetic foot ulcers, as well as the antibiotic resistance profile.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included all patients treated for diabetic foot infections at a private tertiary hospital between 2013 and 2022. Demographic data, including age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the level of amputation were extracted from electronic medical records and collected for all patients. Microbiological and resistance patterns were evaluated following standardized protocols. Cases with incomplete demographic or microbiological data were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 459 diabetic patients, among them, 337 patients with positive cultures were included, resulting in 507 culture results from surgical samples. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 55.2 % of isolates, with <em>Enterobacterales</em> (41 %) and non-fermenters (14.2 %) being most prevalent. <em>Proteus</em> sp. (10.3 %) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (8.3 %) were the most common Gram-negative organisms, with significant resistance to ESBL (15.4 %) and quinolones (29.3 %). Among Gram-positive cocci (43.6 %), <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (16.8 %) showed 21.1 % methicillin resistance, while <em>Enterococcus</em> sp. exhibited vancomycin resistance (7 %). Multidrug resistance was identified in 16 % of <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. and 63.6 % of <em>Acinetobacter</em> sp., raising concerns about limited therapeutic options.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The predominance of Gram-negative bacteria and high levels of antimicrobial resistance highlight the need for regular monitoring of local microbiological profiles. Targeted antimicrobial strategies can significantly reduce the morbidity associated with DFI and improve clinical outcomes in diabetic patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 5","pages":"Article 104570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}