Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and investigation of Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in blood donors from the main blood establishment in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil","authors":"Agildo da Silva Oliveira ,&nbsp;Jéssica Gonçalves Pereira ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Tantos Nunes ,&nbsp;Ivanildo Pedro de Sousa Junior ,&nbsp;Dmitry José de Santana Sarmento ,&nbsp;Josiane Iole França Lopes ,&nbsp;Luiz Amorim Filho ,&nbsp;Vanessa Salete de Paula","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2025.104508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. HCMV transmission can occur through blood transfusions and typically results in asymptomatic infections in newborns and young individuals or causes symptoms like infectious mononucleosis when symptomatic infections arise. HCMV infection poses a notable risk to transfusion recipients, particularly in vulnerable groups such as premature newborns and immunosuppressed patients. The risk persists even after prophylaxis ends, especially in patients who undergo organ transplantation and receive blood or blood products from a seropositive donor while being seronegative themselves (D+/R-).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Here, we investigated the serological and molecular prevalence of HCMV among 980 blood donors from the main blood bank in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, using chemiluminescence and real-time PCR (TaqMan). The data underwent univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses using the SPSS program, version 20.0.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average age of donors was 38.53 years, with a majority being male (53.9 %). The prevalence of cytomegalovirus was 88.5 %, and HCMV DNA was detected in 1.2 % of the samples.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Given that there are approximately 100,000 blood donations per year, this prevalence rate is considerably high compared to that in developed countries. These findings underscore the critical need for ongoing surveillance and molecular testing to ensure the safety of blood supplies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 2","pages":"Article 104508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143236277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A post-pandemic snapshot of the magnitude of COVID-19 in Brazil: A countrywide study","authors":"Eduardo Ribes Kohn ,&nbsp;Maristela Bohlke ,&nbsp;Antônia Almeida ,&nbsp;Leandro Janelli ,&nbsp;Luciana Monteiro Vasconcelos Sardinha ,&nbsp;Fernando C. Wehrmeister ,&nbsp;Pedro Curi Hallal","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To outline the features of COVID-19 in Brazil through a countrywide telephone survey.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the Telephone Survey of Risk Factors for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases During the Pandemic (Covitel), a telephone survey of individuals aged 18 years or older from all macro-regions of Brazil, were used. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and outcomes related to COVID-19 infection, severity, vaccination, and use of masks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data revealed that 34.7 % (95 %CI 32.4 – 37.1) of the population had been diagnosed with COVID-19, and 10.1 % (95 %CI 7.9 – 12.7) of those required hospital admission. The prevalence of COVID-19 diagnosis increased with education level: &lt;8 years (26.6 % [95 %CI 23.1 – 30.7]), 9–11 years (33.4 % [95 %CI 29.4 – 37.7]), and &gt;11 years (53.2 % [95 % CI 49.7 – 56.8]). Nevertheless, the hospitalization rate of Brazilians with more than eleven years of education was lower (5.8 % [95 %CI 4.3 – 7.6]). In 2023, 92.9 % (95 %CI 90.9 – 94.4) of the Brazilian population was fully vaccinated against COVID-19, but only 37.2 % (95 %CI 33.5 – 40.9) have received the updated vaccinal scheme (two doses and two boosters). During the pandemic outbreak, 81.9 % (95 %CI 79.4 – 84.2) reported always using face masks. However, only 16.1 % (95 %CI 13.5 – 19.0) maintained this practice in 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There were inequalities in COVID-19 testing in Brazil. Testing and vaccination policies implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic must be reevaluated by the Brazilian government.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 104496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need for novel influenza vaccines in low- and middle-income countries: A narrative review","authors":"Julia R. Spinardi ,&nbsp;Karan B. Thakkar ,&nbsp;Verna L. Welch ,&nbsp;Oladayo Jagun ,&nbsp;Moe H. Kyaw","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza viruses cause 3–5 million severe cases and 300,000–600,000 deaths worldwide. Most of the disease burden is in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) owing to factors such as high population density, infrastructure challenges, poor quality healthcare, lack of consistent recommendations, less prioritization of all high-risk groups, and prevalent use of trivalent influenza vaccines. Although influenza vaccines are effective in reducing the annual influenza disease burden, existing vaccines have several limitations. In this narrative review, we address the unmet needs of existing influenza vaccines in LMICs in Africa, Asia Pacific, Latin America and the Middle East and discuss the characteristics of novel vaccines in clinical development. We also describe features of a successful vaccination program that LMICs could emulate to improve their current vaccination coverage and reduce the public health burden of influenza.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 104465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based clinical standard for the diagnosis and treatment of candidemia in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit","authors":"Jorge Alberto Cortés ,&nbsp;Martha Carolina Valderrama-Rios ,&nbsp;Paula M. Peçanha-Pietrobom ,&nbsp;Moacyr Silva Júnior ,&nbsp;Cándida Diaz-Brochero ,&nbsp;Rafael Ricardo Robles-Torres ,&nbsp;Carmelo José Espinosa-Almanza ,&nbsp;Laura Cristina Nocua-Báez ,&nbsp;Marcio Nucci ,&nbsp;Carlos Arturo Álvarez-Moreno ,&nbsp;Flavio Queiroz-Telles ,&nbsp;Ricardo Rabagliati ,&nbsp;Rita Rojas-Fermín ,&nbsp;Jorge L. Finquelievich ,&nbsp;Fernando Riera ,&nbsp;Patricia Cornejo-Juárez ,&nbsp;Dora E. Corzo-León ,&nbsp;Luis E. Cuéllar ,&nbsp;Jeannete Zurita ,&nbsp;Augusto Raúl Hernández ,&nbsp;Arnaldo Lopes Colombo","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Candidemia is the predominant form of invasive candidiasis and the most frequently occurring serious fungal infection in critically ill patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Studies carried out in Latin America reveal a higher incidence of candidemia and higher mortality rates when compared to North America or Europe. This highlights the need to develop guidelines for correctly diagnosing and treating candidemia in critically ill patients in the ICU. These guidelines are part of the efforts to implement antifungal optimization programs in the region to obtain better clinical outcomes and promote rational antifungal use. This evidence-based clinical standard, established through expert consensus for the Latin American context, contains recommendations and algorithms for diagnosing and treating candidemia in critically ill ICU patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 104495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and comparators against gram-negative bacilli: Results from the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART – Brazil), 2018‒2021","authors":"Amanda Azevedo Bittencourt ,&nbsp;Vinicius Lima Faustino ,&nbsp;Paula de Mendonça Batista ,&nbsp;Lays Paulino Leonel ,&nbsp;Marina Della Negra de Paula ,&nbsp;Thales José Polis","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased spread of antimicrobial resistance by Gram-Negative Bacilli (GNB) poses a global challenge, with exacerbated burden post-pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the <em>in vitro</em> activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and its comparators against the frequently identified GNB isolated from patients admitted to Brazilian medical sites between the year 2018‒2019 and 2020‒2021. The impact of pandemic on antimicrobial resistance and presence of β-lactamase genes were also evaluated. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular characterization of ß-lactamase encoding genes using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were carried out from GNB isolated mostly from intra-abdominal, respiratory, and urinary tract infections and interpreted following BrCAST/EUCAST guidelines. A total of 3994 GNB isolates were evaluated which mostly included <em>E. coli, K. pneumoniae</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa.</em> Ceftolozane/tazobactam remained highly active against <em>E. coli</em> isolates during both 2018‒2019 (96.0 %) and 2020‒2021 (98.5 %). Among <em>K. pneumoniae</em>, ceftolozane/tazobactam (47.6 % and 43.0 % susceptible during 2018‒2019 and 2020‒2021, respectively) showed poor activity due to <em>bla</em>_KPC-2. Colistin and ceftolozane/tazobactam were the most active β-lactam agents tested against <em>P. aeruginosa</em> in 2018‒2019 (99.3 % and 88.8 %) and 2020‒2021 (100 % and 92.8 %), including ceftazidime and meropenem resistant isolates. β-lactamase encoding gene characterization was carried out and both carbapenemases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producers were found in <em>E. coli, K. pneumoniae</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates. Ceftolozane/tazobactam documented remarkable <em>in vitro</em> activity against <em>E. coli and P. aeruginosa</em> isolates in Brazil, both pre- and post-pandemic periods and could constitute an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, and respiratory tract infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 104497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sporotrichosis in the earlobe caused by placing an earing","authors":"Evelyn Zacarias ,&nbsp;Talita Alves ,&nbsp;Claudilson Bastos ,&nbsp;Paulo Athanazio ,&nbsp;Sergio Arruda","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 22-year-old woman presented with an ulcer on her right earlobe 2 months ago, with inflammation and enlarged ipsilateral lymph nodes in her neck. She was treated with antibiotics without success and then was referred to an infectious disease specialist. She has a cat at home with sporotrichosis, but without direct contact with the lesion, she did not remember any scratching by the cat. She also mentioned wearing a semi-jewel earring. This is a rare and unusual case of sporotrichosis in the earlobe, probably caused by wearing an earring contaminated by the cat's fungus that was present in the home environment. The delay in diagnosis and treatment led to the worsening of the injury and loss of the earlobe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 104464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of natural infection of BALB C mice by Bartonella henselae","authors":"Luciene Silva dos Santos ,&nbsp;Sayros Akyro Soares Martins ,&nbsp;Francine Ramos Scheffer ,&nbsp;Alexandre Seiji Maekawa ,&nbsp;Rafaela de Paula Silva ,&nbsp;Gabriel Rabelo de Araújo ,&nbsp;Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho ,&nbsp;Marina Rovani Drummond","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) animals are bred and maintained to exclude pathogens associated with significant morbidity or mortality, which may pose a risk to research replicability. The BALB/c strain is distributed globally and is among the most commonly used inbred strains in immunology and infectious disease research. Despite being a widely distributed bacterium that causes chronic infection, <em>Bartonella henselae</em> infection has not been investigated in any protocol that characterizes SPF animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential natural infection of laboratory animals of the BALB/c lineage by <em>B. henselae</em>. To achieve this, ten immunocompetent BALB/c mice were obtained directly from the bioterium and euthanized for collection of samples, including blood, skin, spleen, liver, heart, eye, kidney, intestine, esophagus, and brain. DNA was extracted using a commercial kit and tested via nested PCR for the <em>ftsZ</em> gene, as well as conventional PCR and qualitative real-time PCR using Sybr® Green for the citrate synthase gene (<em>gltA</em>), all specific reactions for <em>B. henselae</em>. All animals showed detection of <em>B. henselae</em> DNA in at least two different reactions in different tissues. The sequenced amplicons showed 100 % similarity to <em>B. henselae</em>. The use of mice infected by <em>B. henselae</em> in experiments is undesirable, as the bacteria can affect several aspects of the animal's physiology and consequently influence the results of the project, especially when subjected to immunosuppression. More studies are needed to understand and confirm the natural infection in experimental animals by <em>Bartonella</em> spp.. To date, no additional published reports of contamination of experimental animals by these bacteria have been identified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 104483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of dengue virus RNA in urine and oral fluid of laboratory-confirmed dengue patients: Implications for wastewater surveillance","authors":"Christine Stauber ,&nbsp;Leile Camila Jacob-Nascimento ,&nbsp;Caroline Grosch ,&nbsp;Moisés da Silva Sousa ,&nbsp;Moyra M. Portilho ,&nbsp;Rosângela O. Anjos ,&nbsp;Margo A. Brinton ,&nbsp;Uriel Kitron ,&nbsp;Mitermayer G. Reis ,&nbsp;Guilherme S. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dengue cases in the Americas in 2024 have reached record highs, especially in Brazil. However, surveillance remains suboptimal and new methods are needed to monitor Dengue Virus (DENV) spread. To assess whether wastewater-based epidemiology would be a useful tool, we investigated the presence of DENV RNA in dengue patients’ urine and oral fluid from an endemic area to inform how shedding in these fluids occurs and provide insight for wastewater surveillance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined how often DENV RNA is detected in urine and oral fluid from dengue patients confirmed by serum RT-qPCR, NS1 ELISA or IgM seroconversion in Salvador, Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 88 confirmed cases, 9.1 % were positive for DENV RNA in urine (7/88) or oral fluid (1/88). Of 53 serum RT-qPCR-positive patients, 6 (11.3 %) showed detectable DENV RNA in acute- or convalescent-phase urine. Patients with RT-qPCR-positive urine had a lower frequency of DENV IgG in acute-phase serum (a proxy for secondary infection) (57 % vs. 74 %) and a lower median serum RT-qPCR cycle threshold than those with negative urine (21.8 vs. 23.9).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The low presence of DENV RNA in urine suggests that additional research is needed to evaluate whether using wastewater-based epidemiology to monitor DENV transmission is possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 104484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation in the microbiota by HBV and HCV infection induces an altered cytokine profile in the pathobiome of infection","authors":"Marcos Daniel Mendes Padilha ,&nbsp;Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo ,&nbsp;Rogério Valois Laurentino ,&nbsp;Andrea Nazaré Monteiro Rangel da Silva ,&nbsp;Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viral hepatitis is a public health problem, about 1 million people die due to complications of this viral disease, the etiological agents responsible for inducing cirrhosis and cellular hepatocarcinoma are HBV and HCV, both hepatotropic viruses that cause asymptomatic infection in most cases. The regulation of the microbiota performs many physiological functions, which can induce normal intestinal function and produce essential nutrients for the human body. Metabolites derived from gut microbiota or direct regulation of host immunity and metabolism have been reported to profoundly affect tumorigenesis in liver disease. If the microbiota is unbalanced, both exogenous and symbiotic microorganisms can affect a pathological process. It is well understood that the microbiota plays a role in viral diseases and infections, specifically the hepatic portal pathway has been linked to the gut-liver axis. In HBV and HCV infections, the altered bacterial representatives undergo a state of dysbiosis, with subsequent establishment of the pathobiome with overexpression of taxons such as <em>Bacteroides, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter,</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em>. This dysregulated microbiome induces a microenvironment conducive to the development of hepatic complications in patients with acute and chronic HBV and HCV infection, with subsequent dysregulation of cytokines IFN-α/β, TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-10, which alter the dysfunction and damage of the hepatic portal system. In view of the above, this review aimed to correlate the pathophysiological mechanisms in HBV and HCV infection, the dysregulation of the microbiome in patients infected with HBV and HCV, the most altered cytokines in the microbiome, and the most altered bacterial representatives in the pathobiome of infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 104468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospitalization due to pneumococcal disease in the Unified Health System in Brazil: A retrospective analysis of administrative data","authors":"Daniela V. Pachito ,&nbsp;Mauricio Longato ,&nbsp;Guilherme Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Paulo H.R.F. Almeida ,&nbsp;Ricardo Macarini Ferreira ,&nbsp;Ana Paula N. Burian","doi":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bjid.2024.104482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) caused by pneumococcus and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) pose a substantial economic burden on health systems. The objective of the present study is to explore hospitalization costs of pneumococcal disease in the public health system in Brazil, the Unified Health System.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective analysis of administrative data on hospitalized cases of pneumococcal disease from January 2019 to July 2023. Hospitalization cases recorded with ICD-10 codes of CAP due to <em>S. pneumoniae</em> and IPD were retrieved from DATASUS, the inpatient information system of the Unified Health System in Brazil. Costs were converted to US dollars by Using Purchasing Power Parity (USD-PPP). Absolute number of hospitalizations, costs of hospitalizations and healthcare resource utilization were presented descriptively. The annual cost estimate was calculated. Differences in costs by type of clinical presentation and age group were assessed. Factors associated with higher costs were explored by multiple linear regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 22,498 hospitalization episodes were analyzed. Total cost of hospitalizations was USD-PPP 13,958,959 (BRL 34,659,578) with an annual mean estimate of USD-PPP 3,045,591 (BRL 7,562,090). Cost per hospitalization episode was significantly higher for meningitis, followed by septicemia, CAP and arthritis, with median values ranging from USD-PPP 190.93 to 615.14 (BRL 476.20 to 1529.02). (Kruskal-Wallis <em>χ</em>² = 6473, <em>df</em> = 3, <em>p</em>-value &lt; 0.0001). Costs were significantly higher among individuals aged 60-years and older. (Kruskal-Wallis test; <em>χ</em>² = 773.53; <em>df</em> = 2, <em>p</em>-value &lt; 0.0001). There were differences in age at hospitalization, length of stay, and ICU utilization among types of clinical presentations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings reveal the economic burden associated with pneumococcal disease in the Unified Health System in Brazil. Hospitalization costs were higher for cases of meningitis and among individuals aged 60-years and above.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56327,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"29 1","pages":"Article 104482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}