IET Power Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Utilizing Neural Network for Designing Load-Independent Class E Inverter","authors":"Mehrnaz Khodadoost,&nbsp;Mohsen Hayati,&nbsp;Hamed Abbasi","doi":"10.1049/pel2.70162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the design, simulation, and fabrication of a load-independent Class E inverter utilizing an artificial neural network (ANN) facilitator. The load-independent inverter is intended for wireless power transfer systems, such as wireless charging for small electronic devices, medical applications, robotics and electric vehicles. Class E inverters are favoured due to their high efficiency, low-cost design and compatibility with resonant power transfer circuits; however, they face challenges such as sensitivity to load changes and complexity in theoretical calculations. Also, the design process addresses the presence of parasitic nonlinear elements and harmonic distortions, making it time-consuming and potentially less accurate. To overcome these challenges, a two-layer ANN is employed to determine the structural parameters of the circuit, resolving issues in the design process and ensuring sufficient accuracy despite parasitic components and maintaining a constant output voltage regardless of load resistance variations. The ANN accelerates the design process by calculating inverter parameters based on the desired operating frequency. Experimental results show strong agreement with theoretical and simulation outcomes, validating the proposed inverter design. The proposed load-independent Class E inverter has an output power of 2 W at a load resistance of 15 Ω and a DC input voltage of 5 V at a frequency of 1 MHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":56302,"journal":{"name":"IET Power Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/pel2.70162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145626449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Device for Investigating the AC Characteristics of Metal Oxide Varistors","authors":"Xinyan Xiao,&nbsp;Lanjun Yang,&nbsp;Yonggang Yue","doi":"10.1049/pel2.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, the AC characteristics of metal oxide varistors have attracted growing research interest. This study presents an insulated-gate bipolar transistor-based device designed to address the limitations of existing power supply systems, which are unable to simultaneously maintain waveform stability and provide sufficient power when varistors operate in the non-linear region. The proposed device generates a sinusoidal decaying oscillatory voltage waveform with adjustable amplitude and frequency, meeting the experimental requirements for varistors across a range of voltage levels and effectively extending the upper limit of the output current. Using this device, it is possible to capture the full dynamic response of leakage current, from capacitive to resistive behaviour, and to investigate the voltage-sharing characteristics of varistor discs in surge arresters under AC excitation. Looking ahead, the device is expected to be applied to multiple tasks such as energy absorption evaluation of arresters/varistors, insulation tests of high-voltage equipments and damped AC partial discharge detection of cables.</p>","PeriodicalId":56302,"journal":{"name":"IET Power Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/pel2.70153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145626016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Winding Induction Machine Based Grid-Tied Inverting System","authors":"Fangquan Bao,&nbsp;Shuying Yang,&nbsp;Zhen Xie,&nbsp;Xing Zhang","doi":"10.1049/pel2.70160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the rapid development of renewable energy, the power system is characterized by both a high percentage of renewable energy sources and a high percentage of power electronic equipment, which has caused problems such as wideband oscillations, inertia deficiency, weakened grid strength and so on. In order to solve these problems, a dual winding induction machine (DWIM) based grid-tied inverting system is proposed in this paper. The DWIM is used instead of the conventional inverter, interfacing renewable energy sources or energy storage units to the grid. In this system, one set of the stator windings of the DWIM is connected to the grid directly, while the other is controlled with an inverter. Energy transfer is accomplished through electromagnetic induction effects. Although there is no extra mechanical load on the shaft, the mechanical inertia is available to actively damp the grid oscillations and frequency deviations. A control strategy, achieving independent control of the active and reactive power exchanged with the grid, is also proposed. The effectiveness of the inverting system is verified through simulations and experiments. Comparing with the synchronous condenser (SC) shows that this new system possesses all of the merits of the SC in addition to the inverting function. Therefore, it inherits the advantages of both SC and grid-tied inverters.</p>","PeriodicalId":56302,"journal":{"name":"IET Power Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/pel2.70160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview and Comparative Analysis of Surface Mount and Pin-Through-Hole LV MOSFETs for Power Electronics Applications","authors":"Edemar O. Prado,&nbsp;Luan A. C. Mendonça,&nbsp;Tális Piovesan,&nbsp;Pedro C. Bolsi,&nbsp;Marcio Fontana,&nbsp;Antonio C. de C. Lima,&nbsp;Hamiltom C. Sartori,&nbsp;José R. Pinheiro","doi":"10.1049/pel2.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work presents an overview and comparative analysis of surface-mounted devices (SMDs) and pin-through-hole (PTH) low-voltage MOSFETs (LV, tens of volts) for power electronics in industrial equipment. A commercial 1 kW full-bridge inverter, powered by a 24 V battery is evaluated. Efficiency and cost are analysed using the Pareto front in a database of 200 MOSFETs, including packages of PTH (TO220) and SMD (DPAK, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mi>PAK</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${rm D}^2{rm PAK}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, TOLL, SuperSO8). The results indicate that SMD technologies, especially <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mi>PAK</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${rm D}^2{rm PAK}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, SuperSO8, and TOLL, significantly improve efficiency over TO220 MOSFETs. This efficiency increase allows to halve the number of MOSFETs used in the commercial product by eliminating parallelism. A heat transfer evaluation is conducted to verify the feasibility of using a single MOSFET per position for both PTH and SMD designs. For TO220 MOSFETs, the original PCB equipment is considered. For SMD designs, the influence of thermal vias configuration is analysed in four different PCB layouts, under natural convection and forced airflow (parallel and perpendicular to the PCB). The thermal resistances of all designs are experimentally evaluated. The results for TO220 show that only one part number was feasible, which allowed a cost reduction of 25.8%. The results for the SMD designs show that the natural convection had the highest thermal resistances, which made all designs infeasible. Under forced airflow, changing airflow from parallel to perpendicular to the PCB reduces thermal resistance and achieves cost reductions. The greatest cost reductions were found with perpendicular forced airflow, achieving 73.7% for <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mi>PAK</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>${rm D}^2{rm PAK}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and 81.6% for SuperSO8.</p>","PeriodicalId":56302,"journal":{"name":"IET Power Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/pel2.70155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145626101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Optimisation of Zero-Sequence-Circulating-Current and Common-Mode Voltage in Two Parallel Interleaved Three-Phase Converters","authors":"Jing Feng,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Jin","doi":"10.1049/pel2.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper focuses on maintaining the optimal common mode voltage of the existing zero common mode voltage (ZCMV) method while reducing its large zero-sequence circulating current. The analysis presented reveals that the large zero-sequence circulating current of the existing method results from the large zero-sequence circulating current change rates included in its timing sequences, and by exchanging the original switching states between the parallel legs, the large zero-sequence circulating current change rates can be eliminated without affecting the original common mode voltage and output voltages. To achieve the necessary switching state exchange, we have modified the original modulation signals of the existing method and introduced a new switching logic. The proposed method, incorporating these modifications and the new switching logic, has been developed and validated through both analytical and experimental investigations. The results confirm that the proposed method maintains the optimal common mode voltage while significantly reducing the zero-sequence circulating current associated with the existing ZCMV method.</p>","PeriodicalId":56302,"journal":{"name":"IET Power Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/pel2.70154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145626086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Design of Power Conditioning Systems for More Electric Aircraft Applications","authors":"Nick Rigogiannis,&nbsp;Nick Papanikolaou,&nbsp;Yongheng Yang,&nbsp;Vassilios G. Agelidis","doi":"10.1049/pel2.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Power quality is of importance for modern and future aircraft microgrids, while the aviation industry demands a notable increase in the efficiency and power density of onboard power converters. In this article, an innovative and optimal design of a power conditioning system is presented. The proposed design has a two-fold improvement. It enhances the system performance by employing an effective control loop based on the peak current control method, along with the detailed converter average model. Furthermore, the proposed design improves the converter's gravimetric power density by introducing an innovative inductor design. By the aid of an exhaustive sensitivity analysis on system parameters, the significance of the inductor resistance on the performance of the control loop is indicated. Thus, a multi-objective optimisation for a wide E-shaped ferrite core dataset is performed, aiming to minimise its value while keeping an acceptable power density level. The generated Pareto front reveals the trade-offs and limitations between the two aforementioned critical factors. Finally, extensive simulations validate the sensitivity analysis, whereas the suitability, functionality, and performance of the proposed controller are experimentally evaluated on a scaled-down hardware prototype.</p>","PeriodicalId":56302,"journal":{"name":"IET Power Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/pel2.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Estimation of State-of-Charge and State-of-Health Using Dual Fractional-Order Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter Under Different Temperature Levels","authors":"Meijuan Yu,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Yi Zeng,&nbsp;Yue Sun","doi":"10.1049/pel2.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1049/pel2.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) is critical for ensuring the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries, especially under varying temperature conditions. Temperature significantly impacts battery performance, introducing non-linear effects that complicate state estimation. This paper proposes a novel multi-scale co-estimation strategy that integrates a temperature-dependent fractional-order model (FOM) with a dual fractional-order adaptive unscented Kalman filter (DFOAUKF). The FOM is developed based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the temperature-dependent open-circuit voltage, capturing intrinsic electrochemical characteristics of the battery. Parameters are identified using a combined offline and online method. The DFOAUKF algorithm leverages the time-scale differences between SOC and SOH, enabling micro-time SOC estimation in seconds and macro-time SOH estimation over test cycles, while adaptively updating noise covariance matrices. Experimental validation under dynamic stress test (DST) and urban dynamometer driving schedule conditions at 10<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow></mrow>\u0000 <mo>∘</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mi>C</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$^circ{rm C}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, 25<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow></mrow>\u0000 <mo>∘</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mi>C</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$^circ{rm C}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and 40<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow></mrow>\u0000 <mo>∘</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mi>C</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$^circ{rm C}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> demonstrates the robustness and accuracy of the proposed method. Results show that the root mean square errors of terminal voltage remains within 0.039 V, while SOC and SOH estimation errors are less than 1.25% and 0.64%, respectively, across all temperature levels and aging degrees. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed co-estimation strategy in improving battery state monitoring and lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":56302,"journal":{"name":"IET Power Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/pel2.70145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145572532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Sliding Mode Control Using Space Vector Modulation for Six-to-Three-Phase Indirect Matrix Converters","authors":"Chabi Salomon Dagbédji Sanni,&nbsp;Augustin Mpanda Mabwe,&nbsp;Ahmed El Hajjaji","doi":"10.1049/pel2.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The central focus of this study is the integration of a high-performance six-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (HPSG) with a three-phase grid, aiming to eliminate passive components such as capacitors and enhance power injection. The proposed solution uses an indirect matrix converter (IMC) based on space vector modulation (SVM) and compares three control strategies: the classical sliding mode controller with hyperbolic functions (SMC), the second-order PI controller (2nd-PI), and the integrator-based linear quadratic regulator (IB-LQR). The evaluation is performed under dynamic conditions using real-time simulation. A high voltage transfer ratio (VTR) of up to 96.6% is achieved. System performance and stability are validated through closed-loop simulations on a 1.35 MW inductive load. Results show that the SMC controller offers superior convergence and tracking (IAE, ISE, ITAE, ITSE) under three-phase short-circuit and dip voltage tests, compared to IB-LQR and 2nd-PI. However, SMC suffers from chattering and overshoot in the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>q</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$q$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-axis. IB-LQR demonstrates consistent robustness under disturbance, while 2nd-PI offers a simpler and effective solution in steady-state operation. Furthermore, total harmonic distortion (THD) analysis at the point of common coupling (PCC) confirms that SMC provides the best harmonic mitigation among the three controllers.</p>","PeriodicalId":56302,"journal":{"name":"IET Power Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/pel2.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145521988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Mains Network for Low Frequency Conducted Emission Measurement in PV Inverters","authors":"Inseop Kim,&nbsp;Junhee Han,&nbsp;Wansoo Nah","doi":"10.1049/pel2.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the recent rise in carbon neutrality policies, interest in renewable energy systems has surged, and the use of power electronic devices in these systems has led to the emergence of supraharmonic emission issues within the 2–150 kHz low-frequency range. Current standards define the frequency range of the artificial mains network (AMN) starting at a minimum of 9 kHz, leaving a gap in the standards for measuring supraharmonics in the 2–9 kHz range. This paper addresses the measurement challenges associated with supraharmonics caused by the expansion of renewable energy systems and proposes an AMN with enhanced low-frequency parameters. Specifically, we present an AMN optimised for input impedance, insertion loss (IL), isolation factor (IF), and voltage division factor (VDF) within the 2–9 kHz range. The optimisation of each stage was carried out using the particle two-swarm optimisation (P2SO) algorithm, culminating in the adoption of a 4–stage AMN. The optimised 4–stage AMN was implemented, and its performance was measured, with results aligning with the optimisation predictions. Conducted emission (CE) measurement was performed on a grid-tied PV inverter, revealing higher noise levels in the 2–9 kHz range compared with the present standard AMN.</p>","PeriodicalId":56302,"journal":{"name":"IET Power Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/pel2.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145522105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Fully Soft-Switching High Step-Up Interleaved Converter for Optimal Efficiency","authors":"Arsalan Erfani,&nbsp;Majid Delshad,&nbsp;Ehsan Adib","doi":"10.1049/pel2.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pel2.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel fully soft-switching interleaved high step-up converter is introduced in this paper. The suggested converter achieves high voltage gain using coupled inductors (CI) and a voltage multiplier cell (VMC). The main advantage of this design is its high efficiency, primarily achieved by eliminating switching losses and reducing conduction losses. An auxiliary circuit is employed to ensure zero voltage switching (ZVS) for the main switches, while the auxiliary switch itself operates under zero current switching (ZCS), addressing its switching loss. Regarding conduction losses, the low voltage stress on the switches allows for the use of switches with low on-resistance. Additionally, the interleaved technique reduces current stress on the switches, further improving conduction losses. Experimental results of the proposed converter, evaluated for a 30 V to 400 V conversion at 200 W output, are presented alongside theoretical analysis to validate its performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":56302,"journal":{"name":"IET Power Electronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/pel2.70147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145521582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}