Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice最新文献

{"title":"Short Circuit: A Failing Technology for Administering Justice in Nunavut","authors":"D. Matyas","doi":"10.22329/wyaj.v35i0.5787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v35i0.5787","url":null,"abstract":"If all you have is a hammer everything looks like a nail, but if all you have is a circuit court what happens to the administration of justice? This paper explores the history and contemporary usages of the itinerant ‘circuit court’ in the Canadian Arctic. Presenting the circuit court as a technology of justice, the paper explores why and how this instrument has been employed and the possibilities it constrains. Looking to the challenges of administering justice in contemporary Nunavut, the paper argues that a different type of technology may be needed: One that facilitates work, rather than exercises control; allows for specialized outcomes in place of compliant results; and that focusses on the growth of justice instead of products that are just. The paper concludes by exploring the local, sedentary, judge-based system of Greenland—steeped in its civilian procedural law—as a compelling alternative technology to the circuit court in Nunavut.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44965905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calvinball: Users’ Rights, Public Choice Theory and Rules Mutable Games","authors":"B. Tarantino","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V35I0.5110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V35I0.5110","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes the “rules mutable game” as a metaphor for understanding the operation of copyright reform. Using the game of Calvinball (created by artist Bill Watterson in his long-running comic strip Calvin & Hobbes) as an illustrative device, and drawing on public choice theory’s account of how political change is effected by privileged interests, the article explores how the notion of a game in which players can modify the rules of the game while it is being played accounts for how users are often disadvantaged in copyright reform processes. The game metaphor also introduces a normative metric of fairness into the heart of the assessment of the copyright reform process from the standpoint of the user. The notion of a rules mutable game tells us something important about the kinds of stories we should be telling about copyright and copyright reform. The narrative power of the “fair play” norm embedded in the concept of the game can facilitate rhetoric which does not just doom users to dwell on their political losses, but empowers them to strategize for future victories.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48778591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the 'Justice Gap' Through Access to Legal Information: Establishing Access to Justice Entry Points at Public Libraries","authors":"Beth Bilson, Brea Lowenberger, G. Sharp","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5020","url":null,"abstract":"Among the strategies to improve public access to justice, increasing the accessibility and comprehensibility of legal information must be ranked as important. In this paper, the authors explore how libraries and librarians might play a role in providing the public with access and guidance to legal information. These issues are considered primarily in the context of two scenarios: that of the self-represented litigant, and that of a party to a limited scope retainer. The authors consider in particular how public libraries as a public space and public librarians as trusted intermediaries might support the objective of greater access. The possible roles of law society/courthouse and academic libraries in training and collection development are also considered. The distinction between providing access to legal information and giving legal advice is discussed briefly, and the authors suggest some possible ways of clarifying this distinction while pursuing the goal of expanding public access to legal information.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"34 1","pages":"99-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44233084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRIORITIZING CHILDREN’S BEST INTERESTS IN CANADIAN YOUTH JUSTICE: ARTICLE 3 OF THE UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD AND CHILD-FRIENDLY ALTERNATIVES","authors":"Étienne F. Lacombe","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5025","url":null,"abstract":"The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child confers on children a number of rights, not the least of which is the guarantee that their best interests shall be a primary consideration in all actions that concern them. This article applies the Best Interests of the Child [BIC] principle—a widespread concept in family law—to the context of criminal policy. It calls for a rebalancing of Canadian youth justice so as to prioritize children’s best interests. As marginalized societal actors, children are at risk of seeing their interests increasingly overlooked if they are not brought to the fore. Once a defining feature of Canada’s response to juvenile delinquency, the BIC principle has waned in the face of sweeping penal populism. Examples from Scotland, Scandinavia and Washington reveal means by which child-friendly justice systems can withstand the influence of punitive public sentiment. Mirroring such approaches in Canada would require repurposing the deeply engrained concept of proportionality and viewing children’s interests as inherent to advancing public safety. La Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant (convention des Nations Unies) confere aux enfants plusieurs droits, l’un des plus importants etant la garantie que l’interet superieur de l’enfant doit etre une consideration primordiale dans toutes les decisions qui le concernent. Dans cet essai, l’auteur applique le principe de l’interet superieur de l’enfant — concept largement repandu en droit de la famille — au contexte des politiques en matiere criminelle. Il evoque la necessite de reequilibrer le systeme canadien de justice pour les jeunes afin de prioriser l’interet superieur des enfants. En raison du role marginal qu’ils jouent dans la societe, les enfants sont de plus en plus exposes au risque que leurs interets soient ignores s’ils ne sont pas mis de l’avant. Dans la foulee de la progression du populisme penal, le principe de l’interet superieur de l’enfant, qui constituait jadis un element fondateur de l’intervention du Canada en matiere de delinquance juvenile, a peu a peu ete ebranle. A l’aide d’exemples de situations vecues en Ecosse, en Scandinavie et a Washington, l’auteur explique qu’un systeme de justice adapte aux enfants peut se premunir contre l’influence les sentiments du public quant une demarche punitive. Cependant, pour utiliser des approches semblables au Canada, il serait necessaire de redefinir le concept profondement enracine de la proportionnalite en reconnaissant que les interets des enfants sont intrinsequement lies a la securite publique.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"34 1","pages":"209-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48862343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTICIPATING AND MANAGING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL COST OF CIVIL LITIGATION","authors":"Michaela Keet, Heather D. Heavin, Shawna Sparrow","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5023","url":null,"abstract":"Despite growing national attention on the costs of accessing justice, surprisingly little information has been collected about the psychological ‘costs’ of engaging in litigation. This article summarizes the health and psychology literature, to present a picture of the impact that litigation can have on litigants’ health, state of mind, life goals and social relationships. Set against professional obligations embedded in the lawyer’s role, we assert that awareness of the negative impacts of legal processes on the emotional and psychological functioning of clients is important. With greater awareness, lawyers can better assess the value of litigation, prepare their clients (and themselves) for litigation stress, and, where appropriate, take preventative actions to minimize the negative aspects of the litigation experience. With that in mind, we identify positive solution-oriented responses to preventing, reducing and alleviating litigation stress. These strategies focus on client-centred communication, supports and planning.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"34 1","pages":"73-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42062977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COLONIAL LEGACIES AND COMPETING MASCULINITIES: THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA’S RETURN TO REASON IN R. V. KAPP","authors":"Caroline Hodes","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5022","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a series of unarticulated gender dynamics that shaped some of the recent changes to the legal test for discrimination under s. 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Despite the volume of literature that references R. v. Kapp, none of it has specifically addressed how race is gendered through the claims of the accused, the witnesses who testified on their behalf or the decisions of the judges who interpreted their testimony. Revisiting the legal strategies used in this case reveals ongoing challenges to accessing justice for marginalized groups and impediments to reconciliation.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"34 1","pages":"129-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46255547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SILENCING OF QUEER VOICES IN THE LITIGATION OVER TRINITY WESTERN UNIVERSITY’S PROPOSED LAW SCHOOL","authors":"Sarah E. Hamill, Pippa Feinstein","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5024","url":null,"abstract":"This article assesses to what extent the recent litigation over the accreditation of Trinity Western University’s proposed law school includes and considers queer voices.  We argue that a close examination of how queer people’s voices appear in these decisions reveals that when queer voices are absent or marginal, queer people’s rights are mischaracterized. In turn the mischaracterization and misunderstanding which flows from the failure to properly include queer voices hinders the ongoing struggle for queer equality. We rely on discourse analysis to make our argument.  We argue that Canadian courts should seek to ground their decisions relating to queer equality in the lived experiences of queer people.  Here we argue that Justice L’Heureux-Dube’s dissent in Trinity Western University v British Columbia College of Teachers offers a good blueprint for future decisions to follow as they engage with queer equality. Dans cet article, l’auteure s’interroge sur la mesure dans laquelle le recent litige au sujet de l’agrement de la faculte de droit proposee par l’universite Trinity Western tient compte des opinions des personnes queers. Elle soutient qu’un examen attentif de la facon dont les opinions des queers sont presentees dans ces decisions montre que, lorsque les voix de ces personnes ne sont pas exprimees ou le sont de facon marginale, les droits de celles-ci sont mal interpretes. Or, cette interpretation et cette comprehension erronees, qui decoulent d’une presentation inadequate des opinions des personnes queers, nuisent a la lutte pour l’egalite que ces personnes doivent constamment mener. C’est du moins ce que montre une analyse du discours. De l’avis de l’auteure, les tribunaux canadiens devraient s’efforcer de fonder leurs decisions concernant les droits a l’egalite des personnes queers sur les experiences vecues par celles-ci. A cet egard, elle estime que le jugement dissident qu’a rendu la juge L’Heureux-Dube dans l’arret Universite Trinity Western c. British Columbia College of Teachers constitue un modele inspirant en vue des prochaines decisions que les tribunaux seront appeles a rendre au sujet des droits a l’egalite des personnes queers.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"34 1","pages":"156-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49373689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND THE CHALLENGING PURSUIT OF SOCIAL JUSTICE","authors":"Philipp Kastner","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5042","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the shortcomings of the currently dominant transitional justice model, which largely ignores considerations of social justice, can be explained by several structural factors within the international legal system. It considers the relatively recent establishment of transitional justice institutions and argues that despite different forms – international criminal tribunals, truth and reconciliation commissions, peoples’ tribunals – these institutions are motivated by similar rationales and have the same underlying objectives. These parallels, enhanced by the both explicit and implicit normative influences that the respective institutions have on each other, and the overly linear notion of time embedded in international law have given rise to a problematic model of transnational transitional justice. Among others, this model hinders the pursuit of social justice beyond a narrow focus on individual human rights and individualized responsibilities for specific crimes. The article calls for a deliberate turn away from prefabricated institutional responses as well as for a much-needed reconceptualization of the prevailing model of justice within international legal discourses in order to address structural inequalities and forms of injustice that are often part of the root causes of armed conflicts.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47824715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INACCESSIBILITY OF JUSTICE FOR MIGRANT WORKERS: A CAPABILITIES-BASED PERSPECTIVE","authors":"B. Hastie","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5019","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the barriers migrant workers face in accessing justice, including the ability to assert legal rights in the workplace, and to access mechanisms for legal redress or remedy. Drawing on empirical research, and using the capabilities approach as a conceptual framework through which to examine these issues, this article demonstrates that the regulatory structure of the Temporary Foreign Worker Programs operates to actively constrain the ability for migrant workers to assert their rights in the workplace, and seek effective legal remedies in the face of rights violations.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"34 1","pages":"20-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42922919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LAWYER COMPETENCIES FOR ACCESS TO JUSTICE: TWO EMPIRICAL STUDIES","authors":"Sarah Marsden, Sarah M. Buhler","doi":"10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22329/WYAJ.V34I2.5043","url":null,"abstract":"The definition and framing of legal competencies affects how lawyers learn and enact their roles and forms a necessary site of engagement in evaluating the relationship between law and justice. Drawing on two community-based studies with members of marginalized communities and lawyers and advocates who work with those communities, we outline the need for a transformation of the idea of legal competencies to emphasize relationality, critical reflection, and deep attention to context.  We argue that such a change is a necessary precursor to meaningful engagement with access to justice by the legal profession. La definition et la formulation des competences juridiques touchent la facon dont les avocats apprennent et jouent leurs roles et constituent une premiere etape obligatoire aux fins de l’evaluation de la relation entre le droit et la justice. En nous fondant sur deux etudes menees aupres de membres de collectivites marginalisees ainsi qu’aupres d’avocats et de representants qui travaillent avec ces personnes, nous expliquons pourquoi il est necessaire de transformer l’idee des competences juridiques afin de mettre l’accent sur la relation, sur la reflexion critique et sur l’attention a porter au contexte. Nous affirmons que ce changement est necessaire pour que les membres de la profession juridique s’engagent de maniere significative a ameliorer l’acces a la justice.","PeriodicalId":56232,"journal":{"name":"Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice","volume":"34 1","pages":"186-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42049171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}