Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Daily Stressor Appraisals and Subjective Age Predict Daily Affective Ratings.","authors":"Lyndsey N Graham, Erica L O'Brien, Shevaun D Neupert","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Stressor appraisals are a transaction between the environment and the individual, such that individuals may appraise a situation as stressful when the problem is greater than the resources available to address it. Stressors appraised as threatening to the way one feels about themselves, their plans for the future, or their own physical health and safety are known to increase negative affect (Almeida et al., 2002). Appraisal theory (Lazarus, 1999) frames our predictions regarding the importance of daily contexts and aging processes to understand how stressor appraisals and feelings of aging may be associated with daily affective ratings. We investigated the potential interaction of daily stressors appraisals and daily subjective age on daily negative affect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and one younger adults (aged 18-36, M = 19.4, SD = 2.05) and 73 older adults (aged 60-90, M = 65.2, SD = 4.66) participated in an online 8-day daily diary study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results indicated a significant two-way interaction between daily stressor appraisals and daily subjective age on daily negative affect, such that on days when participants reported low stress appraisals and younger subjective ages, participants also reported lower negative affect.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The dynamic nature of stressor appraisals, in light of daily aging experiences and daily affective ratings, suggest potential benefits and boundaries associated with subjective aging experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent-Child Disconnectedness and Older European Adults' Mental Health: Do Patterns Differ by Marital Status and Gender?","authors":"Lisa Jessee, Deborah Carr","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Disconnectedness from one's adult child(ren) can undermine older adults' well-being. However, the psychological consequences of disconnectedness may differ across marital contexts and by gender. Drawing on stress and normative violation frameworks, we examine the association between parent-child disconnectedness and European older adults' depressive symptoms, and the extent to which these patterns differ by marital status (married; remarried; cohabiting; divorced; widowed; and never married) and gender.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used pooled data from eight waves (2004-2022) of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, n=216,469) and multivariable pooled OLS regression to evaluate whether marital status and gender moderate the association between disconnectedness and depressive symptoms. Analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic, health, survey year, and contextual covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Disconnectedness rates range from 1 percent among older adults in their first marriages to 13-14 percent among divorced and remarried men and 17 percent among never married men. Men have consistently higher rates of disconnectedness than women. Parent-child disconnectedness is associated with heightened depressive symptoms in many marital and gender categories. However, moderation analyses show the strongest associations in marital contexts in which disconnectedness is rare (first marriage, especially among women). Disconnectedness also is associated with heightened depressive symptoms among widowed and divorced persons, yet has negligible effects among remarried persons.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We discuss the implications of disconnectedness for older adults' socioemotional and caregiving needs. We encourage interventions that focus on engaging older adults' supportive familial or non-familial ties rather than re-establishing potentially distressing ties with a disconnected child.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained purpose in life is associated with slower cognitive decline in older adults: A longitudinal analysis with a diverse national sample.","authors":"Elliot M Friedman, Patricia A Thomas, Madison R Sauerteig-Rolston, Lisa L Barnes, Kenneth F Ferraro","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Purpose in life is positively associated with cognitive function and better maintenance of cognitive function over time in aging adults. However, purpose in life itself declines over time, and we examined whether such changes are related to changes in cognition and whether this varied by race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The current study used three waves of data from the nationally representative survey, Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 9,808), to examine the longitudinal associations between purpose in life and cognitive function in White, Black, and Hispanic adults age 65 and older. Purpose in life was measured using the 7-item version of the Ryff Psychological Well-Being scale. Cognitive function was assessed using a modified version of the TICS (Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Growth curve models showed that purpose in life and cognitive function both declined over time, initial levels of purpose and cognitive function were positively associated, and less decline in purpose was associated with less decline in cognitive function. Addition of interaction terms for race and ethnicity showed that the positive association between initial levels of purpose in life and cognitive function was stronger in Black participants than in White or Hispanic participants; there were no racial or ethnic differences in the longitudinal associations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results show that maintaining higher levels of purpose in life may protect cognitive abilities in older adults from diverse racial and ethnic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing Formal and Informal Caregiving Resources for Older Adults: The Role of Spatial Proximity of Family.","authors":"Gyeongrim Oh, Samsik Lee","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore how informal and formal home care was balanced for older adults under the weakening informal caregiving systems due to sociodemographic changes in South Korea, this study examined the relationship between the two types of care and the effects of proximity to family caregivers on them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed adults aged 65 years and older from the 7th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) (n = 722) with limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), or dementia. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) was adopted to analyze the impact of family structure on the choice of informal caregivers. Two-stage least squares (2SLS), Heckman, and IV-Heckman models were applied to address endogeneity and sample selection biases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that spouses and children close to older parents appeared to be primary caregivers. According to the IV-Heckman model, informal care substitutes for formal home care (b = -0.416, p < .01), and both being married (b = 0.715, p < .01) and proximity to children within one hour (b = 0.888, p < .01) appeared to facilitate formal home care use.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study reveals that Informal and formal home care are inextricably linked. Spouses and adult children close to parents play a pivotal role in directly providing informal care and indirectly facilitating formal home care. Balancing informal/formal home care should be considered in medium- and long-term plans to improve older adults' well-being and reduce formal care's financial burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gay Men as Caregivers for Spouses with Dementia: Intersections of Gender and Sexual Orientation.","authors":"Toni Calasanti, Sadie Snow, Brian de Vries, Jing Geng","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Despite the importance of spousal caregiving, and the increase in same-sex marriages concomitant to its legalization in 2015, few studies have examined the experiences of same-sex spousal caregivers. We use an intersectional approach to explore how gender and sexual orientation shape gay men's particular caregiving approaches for their spouses living with dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We focused on a subsample of gay (N=13) contrasted with straight husbands (N=15) from a national study of spousal dementia caregivers. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically by a team.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that sexual minority status and gender interact to shape gay men's caregiving approaches. Gay men's broader division of labor in households combine with experiences of discrimination based on sexuality, and HIV/AIDS, as well as being a part of a same-sex couple to influence their caregiving approaches in unique ways. Specifically, they combine a task-oriented approach with concern for the personhood of the care receiver; bring strength and empathy borne of struggle; and what they feel is a deeper understanding of the care receiver given their shared status as gay men.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings indicate that gay men's flexibility in divisions of labor results in variable sets of skills, resources, and identities they bring to and approach their caregiving. In addition, some of the many negative experiences borne of HIV/AIDS and discrimination are reframed as sources of strength and guide caregiving efforts. Together, these findings highlight the intersecting effects of gender and sexual orientation on spousal caregiving.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging and Mentorship in the Margins: Multigenerational Knowledge Transfer among LGBTQ+ Chosen Families.","authors":"Angela K Perone, Lindsay Toman, Beth Glover Reed, Tré Coldon, Ashlee Osborne, Justice Cook","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>For LGBTQ+ communities, learning often happens among chosen families, including older adults. Building on Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical concepts of capital (e.g., economic, social, cultural, symbolic) and queer theory of sexual capital, this article examines how LGBTQ+ chosen families share expertise to build knowledge and power across the life course.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a transformative sequential mixed methods design from a larger project, this subproject includes data from six intracategorical focus groups with multigenerational and multiracial LGBTQ+ participants (n=37), including older adults, in a Midwestern community to center their voices, understand their experiences within and outside LGBTQ+ communities, foreground experiences of LGBTQ+ aging, and explore challenges and supports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified three ways in which LGBTQ+ chosen families shared knowledge about various forms of capital: latent mentorship, bi- or multi-directional mentorship, and transgressive mentorship. We call these three types of knowledge sharing \"mentorship in the margins,\" in which knowledge is shared within and among communities whose intersecting positionalities both limit and expand ways to imagine mentorship for navigating structural barriers and social, economic, and political inequities, especially regarding shared housing, family formation, and marriage equality.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The breadth and depth of multigenerational transfers of knowledge across the life course demonstrate the centrality of multigenerational chosen families for LGBTQ+ communities as they age, especially among multiply-minoritized communities (e.g., transgender women, BIPOC same-gender-loving communities). Knowledge shared among chosen families also reflects how \"mentorship in the margins\" builds individual and collective power that helps LGBTQ+ communities survive and thrive as they age.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Differences in Community Belonging and its Impact on Cognitive Function in Older Adults.","authors":"Samuel R Nemeth, Patricia A Thomas, Cassidy M Stoddart, Kenneth F Ferraro","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study adds to the literature on the relationship between social relationships and cognitive function by using social integration theory to examine whether a sense of community belonging at different ages is related to cognitive function in later life. We also examine whether the relationship between community belonging, and cognitive function is distinct among White, Black, and Hispanic older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Health and Retirement Study including the 2017 Life History Mail Survey (N = 3,307), we use parallel measures of community belonging across three periods in the life course. We estimated relationships using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and lagged dependent variable models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Respondents who experienced greater community belonging at age 10 and during later life (i.e., age in 2016) had higher levels of cognitive function in 2018 than those who reported feeling less belonging with their community at those ages (b=0.191, p<0.001; b=0.093, p<0.05, respectively). The main effects of community belonging at any age were not related to change in cognitive function from 2016 to 2018; however, there were significant interaction effects between community belonging at age 10 on cognitive function in 2018 and from 2016 to 2018 (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) with the beneficial effects of community belonging at age 10 being stronger for Black older adults compared to White older adults.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of early and later life community belonging for the cognitive functioning of older adults, and particularly for Black older adults' cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Heterogeneity of Cognitive Aging: A Comparative Analysis of Two Data-Driven Clustering Algorithms.","authors":"Truc Nguyen, Yu-Ling Chang","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cognitive aging entails diverse patterns of cognitive profiles, brain imaging, and biomarkers. Yet, few studies have explored the performance of multiple clustering algorithms on a single dataset. Here, we employ data-driven methods to analyze neuropsychological performance in older individuals with normal cognition (NC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 311 older adults without dementia completed a comprehensive assessment, consisting of 17 cognitive tests and a memory complaint questionnaire. We utilized two clustering algorithms: nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and model-based clustering (MBC). Cluster characteristics were examined in demographic, clinical, and brain morphometric data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both NMF and MBC uncovered two- and three-cluster solutions, with satisfactory data fit. The two-cluster profiles encompassed a cognitively intact (CI) group and a cognitively suboptimal (CS) group, distinguished by cognitive performance. The three-cluster solutions included CI-memory proficient, CI-nonmemory proficient, and CS groups. Remarkably, patterns of cognitive heterogeneity and their association with demographic and neuroimaging variables were highly comparable across NMF and MBC. Phenotypic homogeneity improved after identifying participants with consistent and mismatched memberships from the two algorithms.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results indicate that two distinct data-driven algorithms, with different heuristics, generated comparable patterns regarding cognitive heterogeneity within NC and MCI. These findings may inform future subtyping studies in cognitive aging, where replication of stratifications found across different methods is strongly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors explaining age-related prospective memory performance differences: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Marta Menéndez-Granda, Nadine Schmidt, Gianvito Laera, Annick Clenin, Matthias Kliegel, Michael Orth, Jessica Peter","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The age-prospective memory paradox states that younger adults perform better than older adults in laboratory tasks, while the opposite has been observed for naturalistic tasks. These terms insufficiently characterise tasks and task settings. We therefore revisited the age-prospective memory paradox using a newly developed taxonomy to better understand how tasks characteristics or task settings contribute to age-related differences in performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a meta-analysis of 138 studies, classifying prospective memory tasks according to our newly developed taxonomy. The taxonomy included 9 categories that considered how close any task or task setting was to daily life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When categorizing relevant studies with this taxonomy, we found that older adults did better than younger adults in 'close to real-life' tasks done at home and, particularly, in to-do lists and diary tasks. However, they did worse in 'far from real-life' tasks done in naturalistic environments or in simulations of real-life tasks in a laboratory.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results of this meta-analysis suggest that the level of abstraction of a task and familiarity of the environment in which the task is taken can explain some of the differences between performances of younger and older people. This is relevant for the choice of task settings and task properties to experimentally address any prospective memory research questions that are being asked.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational Disparities in Age-Related Hearing Loss and Hearing Aid Use Across Age, Gender, and European Region.","authors":"Donata Stonkute, Yana Vierboom","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae202","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Affecting 1 in 5 adults in Europe, hearing loss (HL) is linked to adverse health outcomes, including dementia. We aim to investigate educational inequalities in hearing health in Europe and how these inequalities change with age, gender, and region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing 2004-2020 data from the Harmonized Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), a representative sample of Europeans aged 50 and older, we analyze: (1) age-standardized prevalence of HL and hearing aid (HA) use among eligible individuals and (2) educational inequalities therein using the Relative Index of Inequality across age, gender, and European regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of self-reported HL increases with age, is greater among men, and is consistently higher among those with lower levels of education. At age 50-64, particularly in Southern and Eastern Europe, low-educated women experience more than 3 times the risk of HL compared to highly educated women. These inequalities diminish as women age. Northern Europe is a front-runner in meeting HA needs. Southern and Eastern Europe lag behind, with less than 2 in 10 individuals eligible for HAs utilizing them.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Substantial variations in the educational gradient of hearing health across age, gender, and European regions underscore the importance of targeting specific subpopulations in efforts to mitigate health inequalities. Of particular concern is the regional discrepancy between the prevalence of HL and the use of HAs. The example of Northern Europe suggests that there is unused potential to improve healthy aging in Europe through enhanced access to HAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}