Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Associations Between Internalized HIV Stigma and Cognitive Function Among Older Women With HIV.","authors":"Thi Vu, Jenni Wise, Deborah L Jones, Gina Wingood, Monica M Diaz, Aruna Chandran, Mardge Cohen, Sheri D Weiser, Amanda Spence, Tracey Wilson, Andrea Norcini-Pala, Anjali Sharma, Leah H Rubin, Bulent Turan, Janet M Turan, Joan K Monin","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Internalized HIV stigma refers to the negative beliefs, feelings, and attitudes that people with HIV (PWH) adopt about themselves due to societal HIV stigma. Internalized HIV stigma negatively affects mental health but less is known about this factor on cognitive function in PWH. This study examines associations between internalized HIV stigma and cognition among women aged 50+ with HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Internalized HIV stigma was measured in the Women's Interagency HIV Study between 2013 and 2015 using the HIV stigma scale (negative self-image subscale). Executive function, processing speed, attention/working memory, verbal learning, verbal memory, verbal fluency, and fine motor function were assessed using a validated cognitive battery. Demographically adjusted T-scores were calculated for each domain (higher scores = better performance). A global cognition score was computed by averaging the domain-specific scores. Linear regression models adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, cognition at baseline, average annual income, undetectable viral load, smoking history, recent nonprescription drug use, menopausal status, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants' (N = 760) mean age was 54 years; 61% identified as Black/African American; 13% were Hispanic; and 54% had an annual income below $12,000. The median time between the first and second cognitive assessments was 4 years. Higher internalized HIV stigma was associated with poorer global cognitive function, verbal learning, and verbal memory at time 2.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings suggest assessing and monitoring HIV stigma may benefit cognitive function for older women aging with HIV by identifying those at greater risk for cognitive decline who could be targeted for stigma reduction interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature-Based Welfare in Older Adulthood: An Eco-Appreciation Perspective.","authors":"Mali Nevo, Lia Levin","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined the reciprocal relationship between older adults' well-being and their accounts of human-nature relations (HNR). Guided by the tenets of the Eco-Appreciation Perspective, the question addressed was: What can be learned from older adults' relations with nature about reciprocal nature-based welfare in older adulthood?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In-depth interviews were conducted with 60 participants over the age of 65 in Israel, followed by a sequential deductive-inductive analysis of the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four major themes were yielded: HNR as presence and being; HNR as connection; HNR as past, present, and future; and HNR as benevolence. Participants' experiences revealed an interaction between gratitude and awareness toward HNR and an enhanced sense of well-being, purpose, meaning, and belonging. The analysis also exposed novel insights into how HNR in older adulthood can prompt mutual nature-based welfare and provide an ongoing source of comfort and resilience, both through current activities and by accessing childhood memories.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings are discussed in the context of eco-centric viewpoints on contemporary aging, and highlight the active role that older adults can play in deepening their connection with nature while calling on professionals in health, gerontology, social work, and community care to recognize and harness the mutual benefits of this bond.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing Cognitive Dispersion and Its Correlates Across the Adult Lifespan in MIDUS.","authors":"Laura M Klepacz, Eric S Cerino, Jeremy M Hamm","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae201","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although research has shown that higher levels of within-person variability across cognitive tasks (dispersion) are associated with cognitive decline in clinical samples, little is known about dispersion in comparatively younger, nonclinical, and national samples. A better understanding of dispersion is needed to elucidate for whom and under what circumstances dispersion can be used as a reliable indicator of cognitive health.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS; n = 2,229; Mage = 56 years, range = 33-83; 56% female) to: (a) characterize dispersion and its cross-sectional correlates in a nonclinical, adult lifespan sample and (b) examine changes in dispersion over time to determine for whom changes in dispersion may reflect better or worse cognitive aging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correlations showed higher levels of dispersion were associated with higher levels of mean performance at both waves (rs = 0.28-0.29). Autoregressive main effect models showed that increases in dispersion were associated with less decline in mean performance over the 2-wave, 9-year follow-up period (β = 0.17, p < .001). Moderation models showed that the link between change in dispersion and change in mean performance was pronounced in comparatively older adults (β = 0.28), women (β = 0.27), individuals with less education (β = 0.23), and those with lower income (β = 0.23; all ps < .001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings suggest that increases in dispersion may not always be maladaptive in normative, adult lifespan samples and may reflect healthier cognitive profiles in individuals who are at greater risk for cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audiovisual integration facilitates age-related perceptual decision making.","authors":"Xiangfu Yang, Weiping Yang, Ruizhi Li, Jinfei Lin, Jiajia Yang, Yanna Ren","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Aging populations commonly experience a decline in sensory functions, which negatively affects perceptual decision making. The decline in sensory functions has been shown to be partially compensated by audiovisual integration. Although audiovisual integration may have a positive effect on perception, it remains unclear whether the perceptual improvements observed in older adults during perceptual decision making are better explained by the early or late integration hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An audiovisual categorization task was used to explore responses to unisensory and audiovisual stimuli in young and older adults. Behavioral drift-diffusion model (DDM) and electroencephalography (EEG) were applied to characterize differences in cognitive and neural dynamics across groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DDM showed that older adults exhibited higher drift rates and shorter nondecision times for audiovisual stimuli than for visual or auditory stimuli alone. The EEG results showed that during the early sensory encoding stage (150-300 ms), older adults exhibited greater audiovisual integration in beta band than younger adults. In the late decision-formation stage (500-700 ms), older adults exhibited greater audiovisual integration in beta band and greater audiovisual integration in the anterior frontal electrodes than younger adults.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight the crucial role of audiovisual integration in both the early and late stages of perceptual decision making in older adults. The results suggest that enhanced audiovisual integration in older adults compared with younger adults may serve as a specific mechanism to mitigate the negative effects of aging on perceptual decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial-Ethnic Differences in Care Networks of Older Adults: Empirical Exploration of Possible Explanations.","authors":"Zhiyong Lin","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Previous research on eldercare among minority populations often highlights the role of values, beliefs, and social expectations, placing greater emphasis on ideational factors than on sociostructural and health factors in explaining racial-ethnic differences in care arrangements. This study aims to describe the extent to which care received by older adults varies by race-ethnicity and to explore possible explanations for these variations using the behavioral model of health care use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were sourced from the 2018 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries aged 68 and older. Latent class analyses were used to develop a care network typology with combinations of care from different sources. Multinomial regression models assessed various predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with racial-ethnic differences in the distribution of constructed care network types. Formal mediation analysis tested potential mediators of these differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Black and Hispanic older adults tended to receive care from children and extended kin caregivers, while White older adults were more likely to receive care from their spouses and perform self-care with assistive technologies. Mediation analyses revealed that racial-ethnic differences in care networks were primarily attributable to enabling factors, including family configurations, social networks, and socioeconomic status. Limited evidence was found for the roles of predisposing factors, measured by care preferences, and need factors, measured by health conditions, in explaining these differences.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings highlight the need for more research and policy interventions to address the diverse challenges faced by socially disadvantaged older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinship Structures for Left Behind Older Adults in High Outmigration Contexts: Evidence From Puerto Rico.","authors":"Amílcar Matos-Moreno, Diego Alburez-Gutierrez, Iván Williams, Ashton M Verdery, Mariana Fernández Soto, Alexis Santos-Lozada","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf052","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Migration accelerates population aging in high-outmigration contexts. Older adults who remain in high-outmigration contexts are at higher risk of reduced support networks and increased caregiving burden, but prior work has not quantified how migration influences older adults' kinship structures in such places. This study aims to estimate the kinship structures of older adults living in Puerto Rico and the presence of migrant kin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data come from the United Nations World Population Prospects from 1950 to 2021. We created a 2-sex, multistate, time-variant kinship model to estimate how many and what type of family relationships we can expect for older adults in Puerto Rico and the presence of transnational kin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our models suggest that a 65+-year-old living in Puerto Rico will have, on average, 5.6 close biological family members in 2021: 2.8 adult children and 2.7 siblings. These numbers represent a decline since 2000 when 65+-year-olds had 6.7 such kin. Under 2021 demographic conditions, adults 65 years of age are expected to have 69% of their total female close kin and 71% of daughters residing in the United States. The expected number of transnational living kin is greater for 2021 compared with 2000.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Models suggest that future generations of older adults in Puerto Rico will have an increased presence of transnational family members. Thus, public health strategies must adapt to address the needs of transnational families in future generations of older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Inhibitory control and reward responsiveness in healthy ageing.","authors":"Marilena Aiello, Giovanni Ottoboni, Rabih Chattat, Cristina Russo, Antonella Deponte, Rosanna Palmeri, Alessia Tessari","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Living in a complex food environment, humans face numerous decisions and choices every day. These decisions necessitate cognitive resources and the ability to balance metabolic needs with gratification. This study sought to examine whether ageing enhances responses to food stimuli due to reduced inhibitory control or reduces such responses due to a decline in the motivational system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty young adults, aged 20-30 years, and 55 older adults, aged 65-91 years, without obesity, were recruited. Participants were asked to rate explicitly liking, wanting, and healthiness of both high- and low-calorie foods on a Likert scale. Additionally, they completed an affective priming task measuring affective reactions towards foods and a food go/no-go task to assess inhibitory control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older adults exhibit reduced food liking and wanting compared to young adults, but did not show increased impulsivity or implicit preference for high- and/or low-calorie foods. No significant relationship between perceived healthiness and reward responsiveness was observed in the older adult group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings suggest that healthy ageing is characterized by a diminished response to food due to low reward responsiveness. This is noteworthy, as the hedonic properties of foods are commonly believed to guide dietary choices. Understanding the relationship between age and food-related behaviour is crucial for developing targeted dietary interventions for older adults, which could enhance their overall health and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everyday Language and Cognitive Functioning in Late Life.","authors":"Shiyang Zhang, Zexi Zhou, Yee To Ng, Elizabeth Muñoz, Junyi Jessy Li, Karen Fingerman","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Language deterioration is a marker of cognitive decline in late life. An emerging literature has examined features of language associated with executive functioning and working memory when older adults are cognitively healthy. This study aims to identify linguistic features that predict cognitive functioning in a sample of cognitively healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study (DEWS) (aged 65-89, N = 260) completed a battery of standard cognitive tests. They wore an Android device containing the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR) app, which recorded ambient sound 30 seconds every 7 minutes for 5 to 6 days (N= 26,339 sound files with participant speech). Linguistic Inquiry and (LIWC) software generated linguistic features from transcriptions of recorded speech. Machine learning models (random forest classifier) were trained with the linguistic features (n = 29) to predict cognitive functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the cognitive domains fit a single factor. The random forest classifier achieved robust model performance (accuracy = 0.72, precision = 0.74, recall = 0.91, F1-score = 0.81, and AUC = 0.73). Linguistic features most strongly associated with cognitive functioning included: first-person singular pronouns (with worse cognitive functioning), articles, words indicating differentiation, first-person plural pronouns, and words per sentence (with better cognitive functioning).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings suggest that language processes are evident across multiple domains of cognitive functioning when older adults remain within a cognitively healthy range. Use of complex language may indicate optimal cognitive functioning, a topic worthy of future investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Control, Cognitive Training, and Incident Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in the ACTIVE study.","authors":"Laura B Zahodne, Katherine Miller, Chuxuan Sun, Neika Sharifian, Jeanine M Parisi, George W Rebok, Adrienne T Aiken Morgan, Alden L Gross, Kelsey R Thomas, Cynthia Felix, Norma B Coe","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Greater perception of control over important life outcomes has been linked to better cognitive performance and greater benefits from cognitive training interventions among older adults. However, it is not yet known whether perceived control predicts incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) or influences links between cognitive training and ADRD incidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from 2,021 participants in the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) trial. Baseline perceived control was measured with the Personality in Intellectual Aging Contexts Inventory. Incident diagnosed ADRD over 20 years was operationalized using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services claims data. Main effects of perceived control and interactions between perceived control and intervention group (reasoning, memory, speed, control) on diagnosed ADRD incidence were estimated using cause-specific hazard models.Results: Greater perceived control at study baseline was associated with reduced hazard of ADRD. Perceived control did not moderate associations between intervention group and time to ADRD diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Strengthening perceived control through individual and/or environmental interventions may lower ADRD risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Simple Risk Scores for Prediction of Brain β-Amyloid and Tau Status in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Machine Learning Approach.","authors":"Kellen K Petersen, Bhargav T Nallapu, Richard B Lipton, Ellen Grober, Christos Davatzikos, Danielle J Harvey, Ilya M Nasrallah, Ali Ezzati","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this work is to use a machine learning framework to develop simple risk scores for predicting β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau positivity among individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for 657 individuals with MCI from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset were used. A modified version of AutoScore, a machine learning-based software tool, was used to develop risk scores based on hierarchical combinations of predictor categories, including demographics, neuropsychological assessments, APOE4 status, and imaging biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting Aβ positivity was 0.79, which was achieved by two separate models with predictors of age, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog), APOE4 status, and either Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B) or white matter hyperintensity. The best performing model for tau positivity had an AUC of 0.91 using age, ADAS-13 and TMT-B scores, APOE4 information, abnormal hippocampal volume, and amyloid status as predictors.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Simple integer-based risk scores using available data could be used for predicting Aβ and tau positivity in individuals with MCI. Models have the potential to improve clinical trials through improved screening of individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}