Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Long-term Effects of Local Area New Deal Work Relief in Childhood on Late Life Depression.","authors":"Sepideh Modrek, David H Rehkopf","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether childhood exposure to local area New Deal emergency employment work relief activity was associated with lower depressive symptoms in late life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized individual-level data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) linked to the full count 1940 census. New Deal emergency employment programs were the largest non-wartime expansion in government led infrastructure, services, and employment policy in U.S. history. We used within county variation in WLS participants' exposure to emergency employment work relief activity during childhood (ages 0-3) to examine its association with depressive symptoms in late life. We examined depressive symptoms at three ages, 53-55, 65-67, and 72-74 but with a focus on depressive symptoms at ages 72-74 as a marker for late-life depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children who lived in neighborhoods with moderate or high levels of emergency employment work relief activity exhibited 14-18% lower depressive symptom scores at ages 72-74 compared to those from neighborhoods with low activity. These findings were consistent across various measures of late-life depressive symptoms, different model specifications, and after accounting for prior depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study highlights the long-term mental health benefits of economic policies aimed at mitigating concentrated economic downturns among the most impacted individuals. Childhood exposure to New Deal work relief reduced depressive symptoms in older age, particularly new onsets of depressive symptoms at ages 72-74. These results suggest social policies aimed at maintaining economic activity in downturns can have long-term positive impacts on population mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Course Associations of Sibling Relationships and Cognitive Functioning in Late Adulthood.","authors":"Jooyoung Kong, Sara M Moorman, Gina Lee, Michal Engelman","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae191","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Relying on the linked lives concept within the life course perspective, the current study examined the lifelong associations of sibling relationships and their effects on cognitive functioning in late adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the sibling cohort of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we estimated a mediational model, examining the effects of childhood sibling interactions and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), as proxy measures for the parent-child relationship, on cognitive functioning in late adulthood through adult sibling closeness and contact. Respondents' cognitive functioning was assessed using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m) when they were in their early 80s, on average. We conducted multilevel structural equation modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positive childhood sibling interactions (e.g., hugging, helping) were associated with increased adult sibling closeness and contact, whereas higher cumulative ACEs were associated with decreased adult sibling closeness and contact. We found significant indirect associations: (a) positive sibling interactions during childhood were associated with more frequent sibling contact across respondents' mid-50s through early 70s, which was in turn associated with higher TICS-m scores in their early 80s; (b) higher cumulative ACEs were associated with less frequent sibling contact, which was in turn associated with lower TICS-m scores.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results suggest that childhood experiences within the family of origin may have lasting effects on adult sibling relationships and the cognitive functioning of older adults. This study highlights the potential cognitive benefits of frequent contact with adult siblings, underscoring the importance of nurturing sibling relationships throughout one's life.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11694704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142712113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of APOE Alleles, Cognitive Activities, and Social Activities on Cognitive Decline in African Americans.","authors":"Neke A Nsor, Kyle J Bourassa, Lisa L Barnes, Casey K Brown","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae172","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Older African Americans are among the fastest-growing populations, yet are underrepresented in studies examining risk factors related to decline. The present study examines whether biological factors (apolipoprotein [APOE] alleles) interact with behavioral factors including cognitive activities (e.g., reading, playing games) and social activities (e.g., participating in social groups) to predict cognitive decline in African Americans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 734 African American adults from the Minority Aging Research Study, aged 65 and older (with no known dementia at the time of enrollment), underwent annual cognitive testing for up to 10 years. At baseline, APOE status was determined and participants reported their frequency of participation in social and cognitive activities. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the effects of APOE, cognitive activities, and social activities on cognitive decline, and their interaction effects over a 10-year period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of APOE alleles had an effect on cognitive decline, such that a greater number of APOE4 alleles was associated with greater cognitive decline, whereas a greater number of APOE2 alleles was associated with less cognitive decline. Cognitive and social activities did not interact with APOE count to predict cognitive decline; however, APOE4 and social activities had additive, independent effects on cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results replicate prior findings linking APOE4 to cognitive decline and highlight the importance of APOE2 and social activities in delaying cognitive decline in African Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where Do We Draw the Line? Perceptions of Abuse of Older Adults and Their Association With Ageism.","authors":"Jennifer E Storey, Rhianna C O'Brien, Silvia Fraga Dominguez","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae190","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Violence against older adults is a prevalent global harm, and there is evidence that perceptions of violence toward older adults may affect reporting and intervention. The present study examines the perception of violence against older adults in contrast to violence against other age groups and investigates the role of ageism in those perceptions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 290 participants were surveyed and asked to indicate whether they perceived 15 abusive behaviors reflecting physical, psychological, sexual, and financial abuse and neglect to be abuse toward either an older adult (age 60+), adult, or child. Ageism was measured using the Ambivalent Ageism scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, 25% of participants did not consider the abusive behaviors to be abuse. Perceptions of abuse were relatively stable across the 5 types of abuse examined (range: 25%-27%). Perceptions of the 15 abusive behaviors only varied due to older age in 3 instances, differences were sometimes between older adults and adults and sometimes children. Regression analyses showed increased ageism to be predictive of disagreement that behaviors were abusive in the older age group, explaining 8%-14% of the variance in perception. Regression models were not significant in the adult or child groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results raise serious concern about the perception of abuse toward older adults. Future studies should investigate the reasons for such perceptions and other contributing factors in order to identify effective mechanisms for change.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11656024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age Differences in Mental State Inference of Sarcasm: Contributions of Facial Emotion Recognition and Cognitive Performance.","authors":"Colleen Hughes, Didem Pehlivanoglu, Amber Heemskerk, Rebecca Polk, Gary R Turner, Natalie C Ebner, R Nathan Spreng","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae188","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Older age is associated with poorer ability to accurately infer mental states, but some mental states are more complex than others. Sarcasm is a complex mental state because the literal and intended meaning of a speaker's words are in opposition. Individuals must rely on additional cues (e.g., facial expressions, intonation) for accurate inference. We hypothesized that understanding of sarcastic versus sincere exchanges would be more sensitive to age-related difficulty in mental state understanding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined accuracy at identifying sarcasm among 263 adults (ages 18-90 years) using videos of social interactions in The Awareness of Social Inference Test. Hypotheses were tested using a logistic linear mixed effects model predicting correct/incorrect trial-level responses. To characterize why sarcasm differed with age, we measured 2 abilities commonly implicated in mental state understanding: facial emotion recognition and cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sarcasm understanding declined with age, whereas understanding of sincere exchanges did not. Both better emotion recognition and cognitive performance related to better understanding of sarcastic but not sincere exchanges. Only cognitive performance showed an age-related effect such that the cognitive performance among the oldest participants facilitated their understanding of both sarcastic and sincere exchanges.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We showed that individual variation related to age and social and cognitive performance is more pronounced when the use of multiple mental state cues is more (sarcasm) or less (sincerity) necessary for accurate understanding of social interactions. Naturalistic paradigms involving multiple mental state cues can address important questions about how older adults make decisions in the real world.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinlessness at Older Ages: Prevalence and Heterogeneity in 27 Countries.","authors":"Marta Pittavino, Bruno Arpino, Elena Pirani","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae180","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We provide recent and detailed estimates of the prevalence of kinlessness (i.e., people lacking [close] kin) among older individuals in 27 countries. We add to the literature by considering a broad range of kinship ties and examining within-country variabilities by age, sex, education, and rurality of the residential area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from Wave 8 (2019-2020) of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, we estimated the prevalence of kinlessness among individuals aged 65 and over in 26 European countries and Israel. We considered different definitions of kinlessness, from a less restrictive (based on the absence of both a partner and children) to a more restrictive one (absence of partner, children, grandchildren, parents, and siblings).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Kinlessness varied considerably across countries. The percentage of people aged 65 and over who lacked a partner and children ranged between 2% and 3.5% in the Czech Republic, Romania, Israel, and Bulgaria to more than 8% in Switzerland, Spain, Belgium, and Malta. The percentage of older people lacking all close kin considered (partner, children, grandchildren, parents, and siblings) ranged from 0.1% to 4.1%. In addition, there was substantial heterogeneity in kinlessness in some countries by age, sex, and rurality of the residential area, whereas, except for a few cases, we did not find significant differences by education.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Understanding the prevalence of kinless older adults is critical for policy-makers and healthcare providers to design appropriate support systems for this potentially vulnerable group of people.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a National Profile of Loneliness in Old-Age China: Prevalence and Lonely Life Expectancy.","authors":"Xueqing Wang","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae187","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Loneliness presents a significant challenge for many older adults in China. Understanding the national scale and patterns of loneliness is critical to inform and guide policy interventions. This study builds a national profile of loneliness among Chinese adults aged 55 and above, illustrating the prevalence of loneliness and the average years expected to feel lonely, and examining how these measures vary by urban/rural residence and gender.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018, N = 25,563) to estimate the loneliness prevalence across different gender and urban/rural residences. Drawing on Sullivan's method for calculating Healthy Life Expectancy, the author estimate the Lonely Life Expectancy (LLE), which quantifies the expected years an individual will live with loneliness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 30% of older Chinese aged 55 and above reported experiencing loneliness during 2011-2018. At age 55, Chinese adults anticipate spending about 7-10 years feeling lonely, representing over one-third of their remaining lifespan. By age 75, this proportion may increase to more than half. Estimates of prevalence and LLE exhibit marked disparities with respect to gender and urban/rural residency. Rural women emerged as the most disadvantaged, facing the highest prevalence and largest proportion of remaining lifetime feeling lonely.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Older adults in China spend a significant proportion of their remaining lives feeling lonely. Marked disparities in LLEs underscore the potential role of loneliness in perpetuating health inequalities across different gender and urban/rural residences. These results highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate the consequences of prolonged loneliness.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing Fast and Slow: A Longitudinal Examination of the Gap Between Subjective Age and Chronological Age and the Role of Functional Health.","authors":"El-Mouksitou Akinocho, Bram Vanhoutte","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae183","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although it is known that subjective age is strongly influenced by health, few studies have explored this relation longitudinally. This study aims to examine the longitudinal evolution of the age differential between subjective and chronological age, as well as how functional limitations and birth cohort affect this evolution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyses four waves covering 10 years (2004-2014) of the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing, making use of 35,242 observations of 14,219 participants. Using random intercept mixed models in an age vector approach, the difference of the gap between chronological and subjective age is examined over age, conditional on cohort, and subsequently by functional limitations group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants felt, on average, about 9 years younger than their actual age. Subjective ageing happens about a third slower than objective ageing on average. Later-born cohorts feel younger than earlier-born cohorts at a given age. The difference between chronological age and subjective age differs about 8 years between those with and without functional health limitations, but the onset of such functional limitations only decreases the gap with about 1-3 years.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study found that recent cohorts feel younger than older cohorts. The onset of a health limitation represents only about half of the subjective age effect. This illustrates there are large selection effects into the group of people to whom health limitations occur, with people already feeling less young before the actual event occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective Memory Complaints and the Effect of a Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention on Cognition: The FINGER Trial.","authors":"Laura Vaskivuo, Laura Hokkanen, Esko Levälahti, Tuomo Hänninen, Riitta Antikainen, Lars Bäckman, Tiina Laatikainen, Teemu Paajanen, Anna Stigsdotter Neely, Timo Strandberg, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Hilkka Soininen, Miia Kivipelto, Tiia Ngandu","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae179","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Older people reporting subjective memory complaints (SMCs) may have a greater risk of cognitive decline. Multidomain lifestyle interventions are a promising strategy for the prevention of cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of SMCs affects the efficacy of a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention on cognition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is part of the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) project. Participants (a subsample of 568 individuals, baseline age 60-77 years) were randomized (1:1) to receive a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention group including dietary advice, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk management, or regular health advice control group. Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and at 1- and 2-year visits, using a neuropsychological test battery, including tests assessing memory, executive functions, and processing speed. Participants rated the frequency of SMCs using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Having more retrospective SMCs was linked to a less favorable cognitive trajectory over 2 years. The difference between the intervention and control groups in annual change in tested memory performance was 0.077 (95% CI, 0.008-0.146) among those reporting more retrospective SMCs and -0.011 (-0.074 to 0.053) among those with less SMCs; interaction effect p = .019. No other interactions between SMCs and intervention allocation were observed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A lifestyle intervention may be beneficial for older adults with and without SMCs. Persons having more retrospective SMCs may benefit more from the intervention regarding memory functioning. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT01041989.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sharing in Caring: Family Caregiving Task-Sharing Patterns for Older Adults in Singapore.","authors":"Jeremy Lim-Soh, Pildoo Sung, Ha-Linh Quach, Rahul Malhotra","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae186","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Research on family caregiving for older adults has largely focused on primary caregivers. We identify caregiving task-sharing patterns among multiple caregivers, including family members and live-in hired workers. In addition, we investigate caregiver and care-recipient characteristics associated with these patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We interviewed 278 primary family caregivers of home-dwelling older adults in Singapore about who provides what assistance across 3 domains: activities of daily living, health and social services use, and socioemotional and other needs. Latent class analysis was used to identify caregiving task-sharing patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three patterns were identified: (a) \"Shared-Diverse\" (39%)-multiple caregivers assisting in all 3 domains, (b) \"Shared-Domestic\" (32%)-multiple caregivers assisting with activities of daily living and socioemotional and other needs, and (c) \"Solo-Diverse\" (29%)-a sole caregiver assisting in all 3 domains. \"Solo-Diverse\" caregivers were less likely to be employed and had higher depressive symptoms relative to \"Shared-Diverse\" primary family caregivers.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The predominance of caregiving task-sharing patterns involving multiple caregivers calls for expansion of research, policies, and programs beyond primary caregivers. Greater attention should be given to how families and live-in hired workers share caregiving tasks for older adults, and how this varies across cultural settings, especially in familial Asian societies. The findings further highlight the vulnerabilities of solo caregivers, whose employment capacity and mental health may be adversely affected by their caregiving duties. Policy-makers should ensure that solo caregivers have access to support programs that address their financial and mental health needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}