Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Disentangling Selection Into Mode From Mode Effects.","authors":"Colm O'Muircheartaigh, L Philip Schumm, Ned English, Becki Curtis","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae140","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigate the impact of data collection mode on responses to variables in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) Round 4 and discuss how potential mode differences should (and should not) be addressed in substantive analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among the set of respondents who were eligible to be contacted remotely in Round 4, we randomly selected 398 to be contacted instead for an in-person interview. We compare response rates and the distributions of selected key outcomes among those 398 respondents to those among the control group who were initially approached remotely. In contrast, we compared all R4 respondents according to the mode in which they completed the interview, including those not part of the randomized experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among those included in the experiment, there was no evidence of systematic differences in responses to physical and mental health questions between remote and in-person modes, nor in responses to number recall measures. In-person respondents scored moderately lower on cognitive function measures requiring careful attention to a figure and/or task, though this difference became less with each similar item. Remote respondents named fewer social network members. Comparing all respondents according to their final mode yielded substantially different results in all cases.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Mode did not appear to affect reports of physical and mental health based on a randomized comparison, though it did moderately affect other items in predictable ways. Naïve estimates of mode effects based on comparing all respondents according to mode yielded misleading results, and should not be used to adjust for mode differences in analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"S8-S16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitioning an In-Person Survey of Older Adults to Multimode Data Collection.","authors":"Anna Wiencrot, Katie O'Doherty, Daniel Lawrence, Sara Walsh, Jennifer Satorius, Lauren Sedlak, Kelly Pudelek, Kaitlyn O'Keefe, Evelyn Zepeda, Hanvit Park, Joscelyn Hoffmann, Hannah You, Martha McClintock, Stephen Smith","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae150","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The first 3 rounds of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) were in-person. Preparing for Round Four (R4), NSHAP began developing ways to collect complex questionnaire and biomeasure data remotely. R4 was scheduled to begin in 2020, but due to the coronavirus pandemic, NSHAP delayed R4 data collection and instead conducted a study on respondents' experiences during the pandemic, as well as pretests to strengthen NSHAP's remote data collection capability. This paper describes the methodology, results, and lessons learned from these efforts, which were undertaken as a bridge between NSHAP's all-in-person past and multimode future.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Study was a multimode survey of NSHAP respondents to assess the impact of the pandemic. The multimode approach allowed evaluation of the feasibility of using different modes of data collection with older adults. NSHAP adapted its in-person questionnaire for phone and web administration and conducted pretests of the full phone questionnaire and sections of the web questionnaire. The project developed and tested a \"BioBox,\" a kit containing all the supplies and instructions for respondents to self-collect biomeasures remotely. The BioBox was tested through an in-lab and in-home pilot, followed by 2 larger-scale pretests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The COVID-19 Study and pretests achieved NSHAP respondent participation in remote questionnaire and biomeasure collection, despite being accustomed to fully in-person data collection.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings and experiences will inform the collection of NSHAP data in future rounds and could inform other panel studies of older adults considering multimode data collection.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"S17-S27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of \"Studying Cognition in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project: Methodological and Analytic Considerations, Strategies and Findings From Round 4\".","authors":"Jennifer Hanis-Martin, Terese Schwartzman","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae189","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":"80 Supplement_1","pages":"S1-S2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Caregiving: Daily Pleasant Activities Among Caregivers to Older Adults With and Without Dementia.","authors":"Yee To Ng, Vicki Freedman, Anna Kratz, Kira Birditt","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae198","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Limited research has explored caregivers' activities beyond caregiving duties, which may offer positive experiences and counterbalance caregiving stress. This study aimed to (a) identify the most pleasant non-caregiving activities, (b) assess time allocation based on activity categories and pleasantness, and (c) investigate the association between activity pleasantness and duration, considering differences between caregivers to older adults with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) and those without.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 2,136 caregivers (33% ADRD) from the 2017 National Study of Caregiving who participated in a time diary interview. Participants reported all activities from the previous day, including their pleasantness appraisal and duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weighted descriptives showed organizational activities (e.g., religious practices) were rated as the most pleasant, followed by active leisure (e.g., sports), for both ADRD and non-ADRD caregivers. Caregivers spent most time on non-active leisure (e.g., TV viewing), with about 10.6 hr daily on pleasant non-caregiving activities and 35 min on unpleasant ones. Weighted linear regression models indicated that both groups reported comparable pleasantness ratings for various activities and allocated similar amounts of time to activities based on categories and pleasantness. For non-ADRD caregivers, greater activity pleasantness was temporarily linked to longer durations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study enhances understanding of caregivers' appraisals and time spent on non-caregiving activities. Although ADRD caregiving is more stressful than non-ADRD caregiving, no spillover effect was observed on the pleasantness ratings or time spent on non-caregiving activities. However, ADRD caregivers may encounter challenges in sustaining pleasant activities over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Course Patterns of Work History and Cognitive Trajectories Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"Yi Wang, Xingzhi Wang, Peipei Fu, Hantao Jiang, Xueqing Wang, Chengchao Zhou","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae195","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Prior research indicated that diverse work experiences in early and middle life stages are associated with cognitive function in later life. However, whether life course patterns of work history are associated with later life cognitive function in China remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, and 5,800 participants aged 60 years or older were included. We used sequence analysis to identify the work history patterns between ages 18 and 60. Growth curve modeling was performed to evaluate how the work-history patterns are associated with global and domain-specific (i.e., mental intactness and episodic memory) cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 8 work patterns, distinguished by duration, transitions, timing, and sequence of work history. Compared with individuals exposed to lifelong agricultural work, those engaged in lifelong nonagricultural employed work had better cognitive function in later life and experienced slower rates of cognitive decline in both global cognitive function and the mental intactness domain. In addition, individuals who shifted from agricultural to nonagricultural employed work early (around age 30) had better global cognitive function in later life, whereas the association was not significant for such a transition later (around age 50).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study highlights the importance of the duration, sequence, and timing of transitions in work history for cognitive health among older Chinese. Future interventions and policies aimed at improving cognitive function should fully consider the cumulative and dynamic nature of work from a life course perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Associations Between Psychological Resilience and Cognitive Function: Evidence From the U.S. Health and Retirement Study.","authors":"Chenguang Du, Benjamin Katz, Mengting Li, Francesca Maria Pernice, Kali Rickertsen, Fei Gu, Kazuki Hori, Xiaobin Ding, Hanzhang Xu","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae197","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Reductions in psychological resilience and declining cognition are common among older adults. Understanding the longitudinal association between them could be beneficial for interventions that focus on age-related cognitive and psychological health. In this study, we evaluated the longitudinal associations between cognition and psychological resilience over time in a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 9,075 respondents aged 65 and above from 2006 to 2020 health and retirement study (HRS) were included in the current study. Cognition was measured through a modified 35-point Telephone Interview Cognitive Screen, and psychological resilience in the HRS was calculated using a previously established simplified resilience score. Bivariate latent growth modeling was used to examine the parallel association between psychological resilience and cognitive function over a period of up to 12 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Positive correlations existed between the intercepts (r = 0.20, SE = 0.07, p < .001) as well as the slopes (r = 0.36, SE = 0.03, p < .001) for psychological resilience and cognition. The initial level of cognition positively predicted the slope of psychological resilience (β=0.16, SE=0.01, p<.001), whereas a somewhat less robust effect was found for the slope of cognition and the initial level of psychological resilience (β=0.10,   SE=0.03,   p<.001), after controlling all other covariates.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In a population-based sample of U.S. older adults, cognition and psychological resilience could mutually reinforce one another. Clinicians and policy makers may consider recommending tasks associated with improving cognitive function for interventions to bolster psychological resilience among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Prior Incarceration on Cognitive Trajectories Among Older Adults: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study.","authors":"Alexander Testa, Luis Mijares, Dylan B Jackson","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae194","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examines the association between prior incarceration and cognition trajectories among older adults in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data are from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of older adults in the United States. The analysis included respondents aged 55 and older who participated in the 2012-2020 HRS surveys and had valid responses on Langa-Weir cognition scores, incarceration history, and covariates (n = 5,663). Cognition trajectories were estimated using group-based trajectory modeling, and multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between prior incarceration and cognition trajectory group membership.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study identified four distinct cognition trajectories. Formerly incarcerated individuals were significantly more likely to be in cognition trajectory groups defined by lower cognition scores and steeper declines in cognitive functioning over time. However, these associations were attenuated after accounting for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, and all associations were rendered statistically nonsignificant after accounting for educational attainment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight poorer cognition among older formerly incarcerated individuals compared with their never incarcerated counterparts, as well as underscore the role of educational attainment in this relationship. Future research and data collection efforts are needed to further understand the nexus between incarceration and cognitive functioning and the mechanisms underpinning this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The Butcher on the Bus\" Is Less Familiar to Older Adults Than She Is to Younger Adults.","authors":"Evi Myftaraj, Olivia Skrepnek, Nicole D Anderson","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae184","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The \"butcher on the bus\" is a term describing recognizing someone as familiar but failing to recollect how we know them. Previous studies probing this phenomenon have not used paradigms that mimic real life, and age-related differences have not been adequately addressed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In two studies, younger and older adults studied faces in scene contexts a variable number of times. In the test phases, studied faces were presented identical to the study phase, new faces were presented with new scenes, or studied faces were presented in a different context. In Study 1, this different context was the face presented with new features (pose, hairstyle, and clothing) and in a new scene. In Study 2, this different context was the same scene, but with new features. Participants made recollect, familiar, or new judgments, as well as source memory judgments for each face.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both studies, younger adults had better recognition discrimination and recollection. The critical finding of both studies was that when faces were presented with new features, in either the same scene or a different scene, older adults did not find these faces as familiar as did younger adults.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Age-related declines in face recognition when features change may affect social interactions and everyday recognition tasks, highlighting the need for further research and supportive strategies to assist older adults in recognizing people.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Independent and Interactive Effects of Economic Stability and Healthcare Access on 10-Year Cognitive Trajectories of Black/African American and White Older Adults from the ACTIVE Study.","authors":"Abbey M Hamlin, Alexandra J Weigand, Olivio J Clay, Michael Marsiske, Gail Wallace, Deborah Dadson, Kelsey R Thomas, Alexandra L Clark","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae196","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Social and structural determinants of health (SSDoH) have been linked to racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Research has established that living in an environment with greater economic stability (ES) or healthcare access (HCA) is associated with better baseline cognition, but the interactive effects between these distinct SSDoH on cognition over time have not been studied. Therefore, the present study examined the independent and interactive effects of ES and HCA on 10-year change in cognitive functioning within a large sample of racially diverse community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 701 Black/African American and 1804 White older adults from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study. Multilevel mixed effects models were used to assess associations between ES and HCA factors on individual-level memory and reasoning trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed there was no significant ES × HCA interaction on longitudinal cognitive trajectories across the whole sample or within race-stratified groups, but there was a significant interaction on memory level. Higher ES levels were independently associated with slower age-related memory declines among Black/African American older adults. In contrast, higher ES and HCA levels were both independently associated with faster age-related reasoning declines among White participants.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results demonstrated that ES and HCA exerted synergistic effects on memory level across ages in the whole sample. Differential associations between SSDoH and cognitive outcomes across racial groups suggest that improving access to economic resources within Black/African American communities may reduce racial disparities in ADRD.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing Cognitive Dispersion and its Correlates Across the Adult Lifespan in MIDUS.","authors":"Laura M Klepacz, Eric S Cerino, Jeremy M Hamm","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbae201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although research has shown that higher levels of within-person variability across cognitive tasks (dispersion) are associated with cognitive decline in clinical samples, little is known about dispersion in comparatively younger, non-clinical, and national samples. A better understanding of dispersion is needed to elucidate for whom and under what circumstances dispersion can be used as a reliable indicator of cognitive health.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS; n = 2,229; Mage = 56 years, range = 33-83; 56% female) to: (a) characterize dispersion and its cross-sectional correlates in a non-clinical, adult lifespan sample and (b) examine changes in dispersion over time to determine for whom changes in dispersion may reflect better or worse cognitive aging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correlations showed higher levels of dispersion were associated with higher levels of mean performance at both waves (rs = .28-.29). Autoregressive main effect models showed that increases in dispersion were associated with less decline in mean performance over the two-wave, 9-year follow-up period (β = .17, p < .001). Moderation models showed that the link between change in dispersion and change in mean performance was pronounced in comparatively older adults (β = .28), women (β = .27), individuals with less education (β = .23), and those with lower income (β = .23) (all ps < .001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings suggest that increases in dispersion may not always be maladaptive in normative, adult lifespan samples and may reflect healthier cognitive profiles in individuals who are at greater risk for cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}