Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Overconfidence and Financial Risk Tolerance in Older Age.","authors":"Colleen C Frank, Gary R Mottola, Meiru Chen, Lei Yu, Patricia A Boyle, Gregory R Samanez-Larkin, Kendra L Seaman","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Excessive financial risk taking in older age can have harmful consequences as opportunities to recover lost wealth are limited. Understanding financial risk taking in older age is important for identifying vulnerabilities and developing interventions to empower aging investors to make wise financial choices. In this paper, we explore how overconfidence in financial knowledge affects financial risk-taking among older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examine this research question in older adults aged 58-101 (N = 1242) using data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After controlling for demographics, overconfidence was associated with self-reported financial risk tolerance such that those who were more overconfident reported tolerating more financial risks. Moreover, this relationship emerged for both healthy older adults and those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, overconfidence did not predict performance on a behavioral measure of risk aversion.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The present results suggest that overconfidence may partially contribute to financial risk-taking in older adults, regardless of cognitive status. Thus, interventions aimed at calibrating confidence to actual levels of financial knowledge could be an impactful target for intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Machine Learning and Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for the Early Detection of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Noor Al-Hammadi, Mahmoud Abouelyazid, David C Brown, Pooja Lalwani, Hannes Devos, David B Carr, Ganesh M Babulal","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study classified preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) using cognitive screening, neighborhood deprivation via the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and sociodemographic and genetic risk factors. Additionally, it compared the predictive accuracy of multiple machine learning algorithms and examined model performance with two bootstrapping procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from a longitudinal cohort that required participants to be age 65 or older, cognitively normal at baseline, and active drivers, defined as taking at least one trip a week. Naturalistic driving data were collected using a commercial datalogger. Biomarker positivity was determined via amyloid pathology using cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography imaging. ADI was captured based on geocoding latitude and longitude to derive a national ranking for the specific location (home or unique destination). Machine learning algorithms classified preclinical AD. Each individual model's predictive ability was confirmed in a 20% testing dataset with 100 rounds of resampling with and without replacement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 292 participants (n = 2,792 observations), including ADI of trip destinations, participants' home ADI, and frequency of trips to the same ADI led to a slight but notable improvement in predicting preclinical AD. The ensemble model demonstrated superior predictive performance, highlighting the potential of integrating multiple models for early AD detection.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating socioeconomic and environmental variables, such as neighborhood deprivation, in predicting preclinical AD. Addressing socioeconomic disparities through public health strategies is crucial for mitigating AD risk and enhancing the quality of life for older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How often and why do people manage their emotions in older adulthood?","authors":"Tabea Springstein, Tammy English","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Prominent theories of adult development suggest individuals increasingly prioritize emotional goals and social relationships as they age. Accordingly, older adults are expected to invest more in maintaining their emotional well-being compared to younger adults. Prior work suggests older adults may accomplish this goal by structuring their lives in ways that reduce the need to actively manage unwanted emotion. We tested the hypotheses that (1) older adults regulate their emotions less often in daily life compared to younger adults, and (2) when emotion regulation occurs, older adults are more motivated than younger adults by pro-hedonic and social concerns.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using experience sampling (7x/day for 9 days), we assessed emotion regulation frequency and motives in younger adults (n=75), cognitively normal older adults (n=93), and older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=63).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emotion regulation was less frequent for older adults with MCI (16%) and without MCI (18%) compared to younger adults (43%), even when controlling for emotional experience. However, few differences in emotion regulation motives emerged and they were not robust to controlling for age group differences in emotion.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings extend previous work on emotion regulation in aging, which largely has focused on strategies, by documenting age differences in how often, but not why, people regulate. Future work is needed to explore how age-related differences in life contexts might result in less need for emotion regulation in older adults. Conserving effort directed towards emotion regulation could be particularly beneficial among older adults with more limited cognitive resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational phenotyping of cognitive decline with retest learning.","authors":"Zita Oravecz, Joachim Vandekerckhove, Jonathan G Hakun, Sharon H Kim, Mindy J Katz, Cuiling Wang, Richard B Lipton, Carol A Derby, Nelson A Roque, Martin J Sliwinski","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cognitive change is a complex phenomenon encompassing both retest-related performance gains and potential cognitive decline. Disentangling these dynamics is necessary for effective tracking of subtle cognitive change and risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We applied a computational cognitive model of learning and forgetting to data from Einstein Aging Study (EAS; n = 316). EAS participants completed multiple bursts of ultra-brief, high-frequency cognitive assessments on smartphones. Analyzing response time data from a measure of visual short-term working memory, the Color Shapes task, and from a measure of processing speed, the Symbol Search task, we extracted several key cognitive markers: short-term intraindividual variability in performance, within-burst retest learning and asymptotic (peak) performance, across-burst change in asymptote and forgetting of retest gains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Asymptotic performance was related to both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and age, and there was evidence of asymptotic slowing over time. Long-term forgetting, learning rate, and within-person variability uniquely signified MCI, irrespective of age.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Computational cognitive markers hold promise as sensitive and specific indicators of preclinical cognitive change, aiding risk identification and targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily Stressor Appraisals and Subjective Age Predict Daily Affective Ratings.","authors":"Lyndsey N Graham, Erica L O'Brien, Shevaun D Neupert","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Stressor appraisals are a transaction between the environment and the individual, such that individuals may appraise a situation as stressful when the problem is greater than the resources available to address it. Stressors appraised as threatening to the way one feels about themselves, their plans for the future, or their own physical health and safety are known to increase negative affect (Almeida et al., 2002). Appraisal theory (Lazarus, 1999) frames our predictions regarding the importance of daily contexts and aging processes to understand how stressor appraisals and feelings of aging may be associated with daily affective ratings. We investigated the potential interaction of daily stressors appraisals and daily subjective age on daily negative affect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and one younger adults (aged 18-36, M = 19.4, SD = 2.05) and 73 older adults (aged 60-90, M = 65.2, SD = 4.66) participated in an online 8-day daily diary study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results indicated a significant two-way interaction between daily stressor appraisals and daily subjective age on daily negative affect, such that on days when participants reported low stress appraisals and younger subjective ages, participants also reported lower negative affect.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The dynamic nature of stressor appraisals, in light of daily aging experiences and daily affective ratings, suggest potential benefits and boundaries associated with subjective aging experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent-Child Disconnectedness and Older European Adults' Mental Health: Do Patterns Differ by Marital Status and Gender?","authors":"Lisa Jessee, Deborah Carr","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Disconnectedness from one's adult child(ren) can undermine older adults' well-being. However, the psychological consequences of disconnectedness may differ across marital contexts and by gender. Drawing on stress and normative violation frameworks, we examine the association between parent-child disconnectedness and European older adults' depressive symptoms, and the extent to which these patterns differ by marital status (married; remarried; cohabiting; divorced; widowed; and never married) and gender.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used pooled data from eight waves (2004-2022) of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, n=216,469) and multivariable pooled OLS regression to evaluate whether marital status and gender moderate the association between disconnectedness and depressive symptoms. Analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic, health, survey year, and contextual covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Disconnectedness rates range from 1 percent among older adults in their first marriages to 13-14 percent among divorced and remarried men and 17 percent among never married men. Men have consistently higher rates of disconnectedness than women. Parent-child disconnectedness is associated with heightened depressive symptoms in many marital and gender categories. However, moderation analyses show the strongest associations in marital contexts in which disconnectedness is rare (first marriage, especially among women). Disconnectedness also is associated with heightened depressive symptoms among widowed and divorced persons, yet has negligible effects among remarried persons.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We discuss the implications of disconnectedness for older adults' socioemotional and caregiving needs. We encourage interventions that focus on engaging older adults' supportive familial or non-familial ties rather than re-establishing potentially distressing ties with a disconnected child.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained purpose in life is associated with slower cognitive decline in older adults: A longitudinal analysis with a diverse national sample.","authors":"Elliot M Friedman, Patricia A Thomas, Madison R Sauerteig-Rolston, Lisa L Barnes, Kenneth F Ferraro","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Purpose in life is positively associated with cognitive function and better maintenance of cognitive function over time in aging adults. However, purpose in life itself declines over time, and we examined whether such changes are related to changes in cognition and whether this varied by race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The current study used three waves of data from the nationally representative survey, Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 9,808), to examine the longitudinal associations between purpose in life and cognitive function in White, Black, and Hispanic adults age 65 and older. Purpose in life was measured using the 7-item version of the Ryff Psychological Well-Being scale. Cognitive function was assessed using a modified version of the TICS (Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Growth curve models showed that purpose in life and cognitive function both declined over time, initial levels of purpose and cognitive function were positively associated, and less decline in purpose was associated with less decline in cognitive function. Addition of interaction terms for race and ethnicity showed that the positive association between initial levels of purpose in life and cognitive function was stronger in Black participants than in White or Hispanic participants; there were no racial or ethnic differences in the longitudinal associations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results show that maintaining higher levels of purpose in life may protect cognitive abilities in older adults from diverse racial and ethnic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing Formal and Informal Caregiving Resources for Older Adults: The Role of Spatial Proximity of Family.","authors":"Gyeongrim Oh, Samsik Lee","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore how informal and formal home care was balanced for older adults under the weakening informal caregiving systems due to sociodemographic changes in South Korea, this study examined the relationship between the two types of care and the effects of proximity to family caregivers on them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed adults aged 65 years and older from the 7th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) (n = 722) with limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), or dementia. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) was adopted to analyze the impact of family structure on the choice of informal caregivers. Two-stage least squares (2SLS), Heckman, and IV-Heckman models were applied to address endogeneity and sample selection biases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that spouses and children close to older parents appeared to be primary caregivers. According to the IV-Heckman model, informal care substitutes for formal home care (b = -0.416, p < .01), and both being married (b = 0.715, p < .01) and proximity to children within one hour (b = 0.888, p < .01) appeared to facilitate formal home care use.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study reveals that Informal and formal home care are inextricably linked. Spouses and adult children close to parents play a pivotal role in directly providing informal care and indirectly facilitating formal home care. Balancing informal/formal home care should be considered in medium- and long-term plans to improve older adults' well-being and reduce formal care's financial burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gay Men as Caregivers for Spouses with Dementia: Intersections of Gender and Sexual Orientation.","authors":"Toni Calasanti, Sadie Snow, Brian de Vries, Jing Geng","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Despite the importance of spousal caregiving, and the increase in same-sex marriages concomitant to its legalization in 2015, few studies have examined the experiences of same-sex spousal caregivers. We use an intersectional approach to explore how gender and sexual orientation shape gay men's particular caregiving approaches for their spouses living with dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We focused on a subsample of gay (N=13) contrasted with straight husbands (N=15) from a national study of spousal dementia caregivers. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically by a team.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that sexual minority status and gender interact to shape gay men's caregiving approaches. Gay men's broader division of labor in households combine with experiences of discrimination based on sexuality, and HIV/AIDS, as well as being a part of a same-sex couple to influence their caregiving approaches in unique ways. Specifically, they combine a task-oriented approach with concern for the personhood of the care receiver; bring strength and empathy borne of struggle; and what they feel is a deeper understanding of the care receiver given their shared status as gay men.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings indicate that gay men's flexibility in divisions of labor results in variable sets of skills, resources, and identities they bring to and approach their caregiving. In addition, some of the many negative experiences borne of HIV/AIDS and discrimination are reframed as sources of strength and guide caregiving efforts. Together, these findings highlight the intersecting effects of gender and sexual orientation on spousal caregiving.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging and Mentorship in the Margins: Multigenerational Knowledge Transfer among LGBTQ+ Chosen Families.","authors":"Angela K Perone, Lindsay Toman, Beth Glover Reed, Tré Coldon, Ashlee Osborne, Justice Cook","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>For LGBTQ+ communities, learning often happens among chosen families, including older adults. Building on Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical concepts of capital (e.g., economic, social, cultural, symbolic) and queer theory of sexual capital, this article examines how LGBTQ+ chosen families share expertise to build knowledge and power across the life course.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a transformative sequential mixed methods design from a larger project, this subproject includes data from six intracategorical focus groups with multigenerational and multiracial LGBTQ+ participants (n=37), including older adults, in a Midwestern community to center their voices, understand their experiences within and outside LGBTQ+ communities, foreground experiences of LGBTQ+ aging, and explore challenges and supports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified three ways in which LGBTQ+ chosen families shared knowledge about various forms of capital: latent mentorship, bi- or multi-directional mentorship, and transgressive mentorship. We call these three types of knowledge sharing \"mentorship in the margins,\" in which knowledge is shared within and among communities whose intersecting positionalities both limit and expand ways to imagine mentorship for navigating structural barriers and social, economic, and political inequities, especially regarding shared housing, family formation, and marriage equality.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The breadth and depth of multigenerational transfers of knowledge across the life course demonstrate the centrality of multigenerational chosen families for LGBTQ+ communities as they age, especially among multiply-minoritized communities (e.g., transgender women, BIPOC same-gender-loving communities). Knowledge shared among chosen families also reflects how \"mentorship in the margins\" builds individual and collective power that helps LGBTQ+ communities survive and thrive as they age.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}