L Kokko, T Puolakkainen, H Thorén, A Piippo-Karjalainen, A L Suominen, J Snäll
{"title":"Traumatic brain injury in patients with facial fracture - A challenge for the clinician?","authors":"L Kokko, T Puolakkainen, H Thorén, A Piippo-Karjalainen, A L Suominen, J Snäll","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and clinical predictors for missed traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnosis at primary evaluation in facial fracture patients. The specific aim was to compare the risk between adults and elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was performed, and data were collected from medical records. All adult facial fracture patients with associated TBI and a primary Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 or more diagnosed and treated between 2013 and 2018 were included. The elderly group comprised patients aged at least 65 years at the time of injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Altogether 253 patients with facial fracture and associated TBI were assessed. In 7.1 % of the cases, the diagnosis of TBI was missed in primary evaluation and thus delayed. When the different age groups were compared, the elderly had a 2.8-fold risk of missed TBI diagnosis (95 % CI 1.1-7.2, p=.0349).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Facial fracture patients are at significant risk of the diagnosis of associated TBI being missed at primary evaluation. Especially elderly patients with other than high-energy trauma mechanism, such as falling on ground level, are at risk of missed TBI diagnosis. Thus, patients with facial fracture should be carefully evaluated to exclude potential TBI. Assessment should occur in trauma centres where multiprofessional evaluation of these patients is routine.</p>","PeriodicalId":56038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"102302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuting Bian, Jingwen Yu, Yang Liu, Yahong Shi, Yujiao Hou, Xin Liu
{"title":"CircPVT1 promotes periodontitis progression by regulating miR-24-3p/HIF1AN pathway.","authors":"Yuting Bian, Jingwen Yu, Yang Liu, Yahong Shi, Yujiao Hou, Xin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2024.102198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2024.102198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose and background: </strong>Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory oral disease affecting half of the adult population. Circular RNA plays a critical role in periodontitis. CircPVT1(hsa_circ_0085536) was abundant in periodontitis tissues and cells but its mechanism are still unclear. We aim to explore the role of circPVT1 in periodontitis and elucidate how circPVT1 acts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gingival tissues from patients with periodontitis(n=20) and health participants(n=20) were collected and the expression of circPVT1 was measured by realtime quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR). Cell model for periodontitis was performed by PDLCs treated lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8), flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), ALP staining and Alizarin red staining were conducted to detect cell viability, apoptosis, inflammatory and oxidative stress factors and osteogenic differentiation. The targeting microRNA(miRNA)/mRNA axis of circPVT1 was predicted and screened.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>circPVT1 was upregulated in the gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis. Silencing of circPVT1 inhibited cell viability, decreased inflammatory factors(IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) and oxidative stress factors, activated NRF-2 and HO-1 expression and promoted apoptosis and osteoclast differentiation in PDLCs after treated LPS. However, these effects were reversed by transfected miR-24-3p inhibitor and overexpressed of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha inhibitor(HIF1AN) in PDLCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>circPVT1 promotes the progression of periodontitis by modulating NRF-2/HO-1 pathway via the miR-24-3p/HIF1AN axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"102198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiajia Zheng, Hong Li, Quan Wen, Yuan Fu, Jiaqi Wu, Hu Chen
{"title":"Artificial intelligent recognition for multiple supernumerary teeth in periapical radiographs based on faster R-CNN and YOLOv8.","authors":"Jiajia Zheng, Hong Li, Quan Wen, Yuan Fu, Jiaqi Wu, Hu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of automated supernumerary tooth (ST) detection systems on periapical radiographs using Faster R-CNN and YOLOv8 with detection by 8 dental residents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a diagnostic accuracy study of 469 periapical radiographs (419 training vs. 50 test datasets). The primary predictor variables were detectors (dental residents/Faster R-CNN/YOLOv8). The main outcome variables included the diagnostic performance of the model's using precision, recall and intersection over union (IoU). Appropriate statistics were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the test dataset, the precision of Faster R-CNN and YOLOv8 was 0.95 and 0.99, and their average precision was 0.90 and 0.97, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the two models in these metrics, with YOLOv8 outperforming Faster R-CNN in both precision and average precision (P<0.05). Both AI systems outperformed human subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on our findings, both YOLOv8 and Faster R-CNN are highly effective in the automated detection of ST in periapical radiographs and could, for example, assist humans in resource-limited situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"102293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yufei Yao, Renli Yang, Waishan Lam, Xianglong Han, Xingmei Yang
{"title":"A modified workflow for dynamic navigation implant surgery in fully edentulous patients utilizing a customized patient tracking module.","authors":"Yufei Yao, Renli Yang, Waishan Lam, Xianglong Han, Xingmei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A refined navigated implant workflow for the edentulous patients is introduced utilizing a patient-customized tracking module. This technique initiates with the placement of an incisor implant to anchor the tracking module, enabling real-time tracing of the edentulous arch while eliminating the need for additional insertions. This approach optimizes surgical procedures, reduces trauma, and mitigates the risk of potential implant placement site occupation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"102292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multidisciplinary combination therapy of precision autotransplantation in complex impacted teeth based on CAD/CAM digital navigation.","authors":"Zun Yang, Ya Wang, Leilei Zheng, Jinlin Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2024.102144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2024.102144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of autotransplantation of complex impacted teeth by CAD/CAM digital navigation technology. An 11-year-old girl with complex impacted second premolars bilaterally in the maxilla was selected. CAD/CAM digital dynamic navigation was utilized to ensure the precision and success of the procedure. A comprehensive accuracy analysis was conducted to compare the preoperative digital simulation design with the postoperative positions of the transplanted teeth. The transplanted teeth functioned well after 1 year of follow-up. Postoperative CBCT clinical data, combined with Mimics 21.0 and 3-Matic 13.0 software, revealed that the depth and buccolingual deviations of the bilateral autotransplantation were within 2.0 millimeters, with a mesiodistal deviation of approximately 1.0 millimeter. This case demonstrates the high efficiency, precision, and stabilization provided by digital navigation technology, highlighting its potential as a viable option for the treatment of complex impacted teeth.</p>","PeriodicalId":56038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"102144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kecong Zhou, Huiwen Chen, Jiachen Dong, Zhongchen Song, Mengjun Sun
{"title":"Identification of ferroptosis-related genes in periodontitis through bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.","authors":"Kecong Zhou, Huiwen Chen, Jiachen Dong, Zhongchen Song, Mengjun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death, which is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and involved in various inflammatory diseases. This study aims to identify ferroptosis-related genes associated with periodontitis and further validate their relevance through in vitro experiments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Iron accumulation and localization were detected using Prussian blue staining. Differentially expressed genes in periodontitis were identified from GSE16134 and GSE10334, and intersected with ferroptosis genes to obtain differentially expressed ferroptosis genes (FerDEGs). Functional enrichment analyses of FerDEGs were performed by GO and KEGG. Hub genes were screened through PPI network analysis. The expression of these hub genes in gingival tissues and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) with/without ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) detected by qRT-PCR and Western Blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ferroptosis was observed in gingival tissues affected by periodontitis. A total of 24 FerDEGs involved in periodontitis were identified. GO analysis and KEGG analysis highlighted the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and ferroptosis as the top enriched pathways. PPI network analysis identified five hub genes. The mRNA expression levels of hub genes were significantly higher in inflammatory gingival tissues and HGFs stimulated with LPS (P < 0.05). The upregulated expression of PTGS2 and IL6 in HGFs were reversed by Fer-1 (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights five ferroptosis-related genes as potential targets for future research into the pathogenesis of periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"102291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dental implants in solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yongying Chen, Liang Tang, Chufang Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>It remains to be determined whether dental implantation treatment in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and non-organ transplant patients yields similar clinical outcomes. This review summarizes related data for existing cases and presents a meta-analysis of the outcomes of dental implants in SOT recipients and non-organ transplant patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>An electronic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases covering articles published from inception to December 2024. This study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and was designed based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study design (PICOS) framework. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist or the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The certainty of findings was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed effects model to estimate the combined performance measures and 95 % confidence intervals for the implant survival rate, marginal bone loss (MBL), and probing depth (PD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 articles were included in the systematic review. The implant survival rate of 290 implants in 110 SOT recipients was 99.3 %. The meta-analysis of four case-control studies revealed no significant differences in the implant survival rate and PD between SOT recipients and non-organ transplant patients (P = 0.45 and P = 0.49, respectively), while there was slightly less MBL in SOT recipients (P = 0.02), possibly caused by confounding factors and bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Organ transplantation does not impair implant survival in the short and mid-long term. Dental implantation can serve as a treatment option for tooth loss in SOT recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":56038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"102278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genetic analysis of mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A comparative evaluation between young and old patients.","authors":"Reshma Poothakulath Krishnan, Deepak Pandiar, Selvaraj Jayaraman, Pratibha Ramani","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by dysregulation of multiple cell signaling pathways, including the necroptotic pathway. Recently, the incidence of OSCC is increasing among the young population (below the age of 40 years). These patients exhibit differences in the pathobiological characteristics and treatment response compared to the older cohorts. There is a notable lack of research exploring the role of necroptotic proteins in younger OSCC patients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the expression of Mixed Lineage Kinase domain Like Pseudokinase (MLKL), a key necroptotic protein, in young and old patients with OSCC.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study included sixty histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC, categorized into two groups; Group I - 30 patients aged > 40 years and Group II - 30 patients aged ≤ 40 years. Each of these groups consisted of 10 cases each of well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated OSCC. The samples were evaluated for the MLKL gene expression using Real time PCR and the results were analyzed using the 2-ΔΔCT method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The real-time PCR analysis showed a 31 % decrease in MLKL gene expression in the younger age group (Group II) compared to the older group. A decrease of 40 % in WDSCC, 67 % in MDSCC, and 38 % in PDSCC was observed in the younger group compared to the older age group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest age-related differences in necroptotic cell death regulation through MLKL, with decreased MLKL expression observed in younger patients compared to older patients. Modulating necroptotic cell death pathways in OSCC can promote switching between different cell death pathways and provide effective therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":56038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"102279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of miR-141 overexpression on apoptosis and proliferation in Tscca and Tca8113 Cell Lines.","authors":"Tao Huang, Bo Shao, Zhong-Cheng Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the effect of miR-141 overexpression on the proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell lines (Tscca and Tca8113). TSCC cells were stably transfected with a miR-141 lentivirus (Ubi-miR-141-SV40-EGFP-IRES-puromycin, miR-141 group) or an empty vector (Ubi-MCS-SV40-EGFP-IRES-puromycin, miR-NC group), with untreated cells serving as the Blank group. miR-141 expression was evaluated by rt-qPCR, transfection efficiency and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry, and cell proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 assay. Western blot and rt-qPCR were used to analyze the protein and mRNA expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2). Results: Flow cytometry confirmed successful establishment of stably transfected cell lines. The CCK-8 assay showed no significant difference in proliferation between the miR-NC and Blank groups (P > 0.05), while proliferation was significantly reduced in the miR-141 group. Apoptosis was significantly higher in the miR-141 group compared to both the miR-NC and Blank groups. Western blot and rt-qPCR analyses revealed upregulation of pten gene and PTEN protein expression, as well as downregulation of bcl2 gene and BCL2 protein expression in the miR-141 group relative to the miR-NC and Blank groups. Conclusion: In TSCC cells with high miR-141 expression, pten gene and PTEN protein levels were elevated, while bcl2 gene and BCL2 protein levels were reduced. These findings indicate that miR-141 may regulate the expression of PTEN and BCL2 at both the gene and protein levels, thereby influencing cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the effects of miR-141 transfection in TSCC, providing valuable insights into its role in tumor progression and potential regulatory targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":56038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"102270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ronald Younes, Bachar Husseini, Joseph Ryan Younes, Nabil Ghosn, Joe Najjar, Pia El Sayegh, Paul Fawaz, Joseph Bouserhal
{"title":"Digital evaluation of the zygomatic buttress intra-oral donor site dimensions in different vertical facial growth types.","authors":"Ronald Younes, Bachar Husseini, Joseph Ryan Younes, Nabil Ghosn, Joe Najjar, Pia El Sayegh, Paul Fawaz, Joseph Bouserhal","doi":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the influence of vertical facial growth patterns on the morphology of the zygomatic buttress (ZB) donor site and its implications for preoperative planning in bone grafting.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 100 adult Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were analyzed and categorized into hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent groups based on SN-GoGn angles. Three-dimensional ZB models were created using semi-automatic segmentation, with key parameters-volume, surface area, thickness, and anteroposterior protrusion-measured using stable anatomical landmarks. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's post-hoc tests, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests where necessary. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ZB morphology varied significantly across facial growth types. Hypodivergent faces exhibited the highest bone volume (533.25 ± 129.58 mm³), surface area (560.70 ± 99.76 mm²), total thickness (4.68 ± 1.91 mm), and bulge thickness (9.75 ± 2.51 mm). Normodivergent faces showed intermediate values for bone volume (394.39 ± 141.62 mm³), surface area (504.27 ± 108.54 mm²), and thickness (2.79 ± 1.05 mm total, 5.42 ± 2.45 mm bulge). Hyperdivergent faces had the lowest bone volume (259.00 ± 86.28 mm³), surface area (422.64 ± 95.59 mm²), total thickness (1.70 ± 0.49 mm), and bulge thickness (3.57 ± 1.66 mm). Anteroposterior protrusion also differed significantly, with hypodivergent faces showing the largest protrusion (21.56 ± 3.24 mm).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ZB is a reliable donor site with morphology influenced by facial growth patterns. Preoperative radiographic assessment facilitates optimized surgical planning and tailored grafting strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":56038,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"102268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}