Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments最新文献

{"title":"Deep learning methods and evaluation of the extensive carbon emission predictive solution for Danish grid","authors":"Seyed Mahdi Miraftabzdeh ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Navid Bayati ,&nbsp;Dario Zaninelli","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increase in industrialization and the rise of large commercial cities have significantly contributed to the escalation of carbon emissions over the last few centuries. Accurate forecasting of carbon emissions is critical for governing bodies to implement effective policies aimed at promoting sustainable development. This study investigates both deterministic and probabilistic forecasting models, assessing their prediction accuracy and reliability. The deterministic models applied four deep learning algorithms—Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Deep Feedforward Neural Networks (DFNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Multi-Headed Attention LSTM (MHA-LSTM). Probabilistic forecasting models were further enhanced using Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). The performance of these algorithms was evaluated across multiple metrics. MHA-LSTM demonstrated superior performance in both deterministic and probabilistic forecasting. In deterministic predictions, it achieved the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE) at 0.014 during training and 0.017 during testing, outperforming CNN, DFNN, and LSTM. It also recorded minimal Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). In probabilistic forecasting, Attention LSTM excelled with the lowest Absolute Calibration Error (ACE%) at -0.150 and Interval Score (IS) of <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>892</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, significantly outperforming other models. Its strong performance across metrics and confidence levels, particularly in Pinball metrics for prediction bounds, highlights its robustness and accuracy, making it ideal for carbon emission forecasting and policy planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 104242"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico dispersion modelling for the safety assessment of ammonia as marine fuel","authors":"Nikolaos A. Avgerinos ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Neofytou ,&nbsp;Athanasios Stubos ,&nbsp;Lachlan McKenzie","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study simulations are carried out to predict ammonia dispersion in the ambient environment and, consequently, assess specific safety aspects with respect to an emergency underwater release of fuel ammonia from a ship with particular emphasis in areas where personnel can be potentially exposed. Specifically, simulations are performed employing a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical code in which both the physics of ammonia dissolution in water in conjunction with subsequent evaporation in ambient air and the vessel-specific details such as geometry and discharge parameters are considered. Subsequently, the computational method is used to simulate selected discharge scenarios and thereby to define zones of increased ammonia concentrations and potentially hazardous areas to personnel based on the Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances. These scenarios account for ambient conditions such as wind speed and direction and also the discharge system specifications. Results include the impact of both sea current velocity and direction to the fate of released ammonia and indicate ammonia concentration levels at different areas on board and around the vessel. On the basis of these results, it may be conjectured that if the ship maintains its maneuvering capability in case of an emergency scenario, then it is feasible to maintain a safe side by attempting to position the ship axis parallel to the prevailing seawater current. In addition, the maximum height above the sea surface where relatively low concentration of ammonia is observed for the specific geometry and cases considered, is determined. In view of this, the model can be used as a tool for dispersion analysis to investigate and possibly support the use of ammonia as a marine fuel. This can be of interest to various stakeholders including authorities as well as classification societies that have introduced tentative rules and guidelines in relation to ammonia-fueled ships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 104247"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the viability of solar-biogas hybrid systems for energy provision in rural Kenyan communities","authors":"Stephen K. Kimutai,&nbsp;Bernadette Dushengere,&nbsp;Isaiah Muchilwa","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the viability of a hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)-biogas system with the goal of resolving the ongoing lack of energy access in rural communities with a focus on Kenya’s Kesses region, Uasin Gishu county. The study aims to assess energy demand, economic and environmental impacts, evaluate resource potential, model a hybrid system and gather data from 100 households. An estimated 780 kg of firewood per day is needed, with maize residues and cattle manure having biogas potentials of 88.08 and 309.7 m³/day, respectively against minimum requirement of 141.8 m³/day. The electrical demand is 114.75 kWh/day. The best setup which makes use of HOMER, includes an 18.20 kW converter, a 25.50 kW PV module, a 143-kWh battery capacity, and a 3-kW biogas generator. The Net Present Cost (NPC) and levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) come to USD 183,558 and 0.171$/kWh, respectively. Additionally, findings showed that switching to biogas for cooking reduce CO₂ emissions by 60,193.39 kg annually. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the costs of biogas generators have no effect on NPC and LCOE, while a greater inflation rate shows a double effect. PV-Biogas hybrid systems present a viable way to electrify rural areas and household’s livelihood improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 104244"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards solar-energy-assisted electric vehicle charging stations: A literature review on site selection with GIS and MCDM methods","authors":"Sinem Hisoğlu ,&nbsp;Resul Çömert ,&nbsp;Marko Antila ,&nbsp;Rafael Åman ,&nbsp;Aapo Huovila","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transport electrification and renewable energy integration are essential for transitioning to a zero-carbon society. Electric vehicles (EVs) are seen as a solution to cut transport emissions, but the existing charging station network is insufficient, and the electricity is often largely supplied by fossil fuels. Therefore, a key question is how to design optimally located charging stations supported by renewable energy. Geographical information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) have proven to be powerful methods for site selection as they help manage geographical data, local characteristics and stakeholder preferences. These approaches have been successfully applied for solar or EV charging station site selection, but their use for solar-energy-assisted electric vehicle charging stations (SE-EVCS) is limited. As SE-EVCSs are of quickly increasing importance, this study developed a generic approach<!--> <!-->using GIS and MCDM to identify optimal locations for SE-EVCSs. A systematic literature review was performed to identify the relevant site selection criteria and MCDMs used so far. The proposed approach considers the most relevant criteria and their application in practice, analysing different use cases for city centres and urban areas. These criteria consist of solar irradiance, accessibility (roads and amenities), land availability/type, existing charging network, population densities, economic KPIs and technical energy factors, but their importance depends on the<!--> <!-->local context. The findings are expected to help city planners, plot owners, private charging operators and energy companies to select optimal locations for SE-EVCSs, and help researchers and practitioners design methods and criteria for tools supporting these site selection processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 104193"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passage parameters study of a new prechamber type combustion system aiming at decarbonization and emission reduction in a diesel engine","authors":"Yingying Lu ,&nbsp;Yi Qian ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Fan ,&nbsp;Yiqiang Pei","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To realize decarbonization and emissions reduction, optimization of prechamber passage parameters, including passage inclination angle (PIA) and diameter (PD), was conducted using experimental testing and computational modeling in a heavy-duty diesel engine. The main findings are as follows. For prechamber cases, both higher PIA and PD result in a decrease in the lean mixture proportion in the cylinder, a slight increase in the combustion duration, and a great reduction in the TKE peak. In the late combustion stage, higher PIA causes the disturbance range of the jet flame shrunken; higher PD causes the penetration and impact scope of the jet flame decreased. Both higher PIA and PD decrease the exhaust loss, increase the wall heat transfer loss and reduce the ITE_g. For the optimal prechamber case with PIA of 30° and PD of 2 mm, the mixing quality is greatly improved, the combustion duration is decreased by 49.3 %, the combustion loss decreases, the exhaust loss decreases, despite the wall heat transfer loss increases, the ITE_g increases by 6.41 %, the NO_x, soot and CO emissions decrease by 2.8 %, 44.4 % and 46.3 %, respectively, compared to the original engine. The findings can provide theoretical guidance for application of prechamber technology in diesel engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 104248"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the theoretical potential of onshore wind power plants in Poland in the context of the required distance from residential buildings","authors":"Szymon Pelczar","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aims to assess how the theoretical potential of wind power plants in Poland changes depending on the mandatory distance from residential buildings. The distance that must be maintained between wind turbines and residential buildings is often the subject matter of the dispute. In this study, the theoretical potential is considered from three aspects: accessible land, installed capacity, and electricity production. For the evaluation of the latter two, the reference turbine model was adopted. The study was performed using geospatial analysis and is based mainly on topographic objects database. The outcome of this paper confirms that the available area for wind energy development and, consequently, their theoretical potential are strongly dependent on the required distance from residential buildings. Nonetheless, with the assumed boundary conditions, it seems that even with the 1,200 m and 1,000 m legal distance, there is a wide accessible area in Poland for the wind power plants development. The result of the performed analysis demonstrates that wind energy can satisfy a large part of the electricity demand in Poland. The theoretical potential in terms of installed capacity is also significant and, for instance, reaches 43.04 GW for the required distance of 1,000 m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 104250"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study and sensitivity analysis of heat transfer characteristics of heat exchangers in a high-power free-piston Stirling generator","authors":"Haitao Wang ,&nbsp;Yanyan Chen ,&nbsp;Shunmin Zhu ,&nbsp;Limin Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoyao Yu ,&nbsp;Huifang Kang ,&nbsp;Ercang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing of deep space exploration missions has promoted research on space nuclear power systems worldwide. Stirling generators, especially free-piston Stirling generators (FPSGs), are a promising dynamic energy conversion technology for space nuclear power systems. As core components of a Stirling system, oscillating flow heat exchangers (OFHXs) have a crucial impact on the performance of the system. Unfortunately, a comprehensive comparison between low-order numerical models and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on the engine core unit (ECU) is lacking. Meanwhile, the heat transfer characteristics of the ECU at high power levels remain poorly understood. Therefore, in this paper, a 10 kW FPSG is taken as an example, and its ECU is numerically simulated using Sage software and CFD simulation, respectively. Then the results of the two different numerical methods are compared under rated conditions, and we concluded the Sage model can effectively characterize the heat transfer distributions within the ECU. Furthermore, the heat transfer characteristics of the ECU were analysed in detail using the Sage model. The results indicate that a 90° change in the acoustic phase difference of the ECU could lead to a 32 kW variation in acoustic power of the high-temperature heat exchanger (HHX), and the regenerator transitions from amplifying acoustic power to beginning to consume acoustic power. This demonstrates that the heat transfer characteristics of the OFHX are sensitive to the distribution of the acoustic phase difference. This work contributes to the development of the ECU for high-power FPSGs, which will strengthen the foundation for their subsequent integration with micro nuclear reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 104243"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable biorefinery approaches in the valorization of agro-food industrial residues for biofuel production: Economic and future perspectives","authors":"Y.P. Ragini ,&nbsp;S. Karishma ,&nbsp;R. Kamalesh ,&nbsp;A. Saravanan ,&nbsp;B. TajSabreen ,&nbsp;D. Koushik Eswaar","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fossil fuel depletion causes severe energy demand throughout the world, due to industrialization, transportation and human activities posing significant challenges to global sustainability. Biofuel emerged as a potential synthetic fuel generated from various renewable feedstocks addressing the waste management and reducing the reliance on fossil fuels. Among different feedstocks, agricultural and food waste biomass serve as a valuable source for biofuel production due to its high lignocellulosic content, accessibility, and abundance. Agricultural waste biomass have remarkably emerged as potential feedstock for the production of biofuel due to its high lignocellulose content, abundance and cost effectiveness. Similarly, food wastes composed of lipid, carbohydrate and nutrients also offer a significant potential to be served as a feedstock for biofuel production. This review highlights recent development in the pretreatment and biorefinery processes for biofuel production. The study explores the sustainable conversion approaches focusing on advanced treatment, conversion technologies, life cycle analysis, and economic feasibility of the biofuel production. The techno-economic analysis and environmental perspectives are discussed to assess the feedstock selectivity, ecosystem viability, conversion process and production cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 104239"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward carbon–neutral transportation: Harnessing Morocco’s critical minerals for sustainable lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Said Azerblou ,&nbsp;Redouane Oubah ,&nbsp;Hamza Ouachtouk ,&nbsp;Elmostafa Tace","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a viable option for achieving carbon neutrality in the transportation sector. A key component of this alternative, lithium-ion batteries (LIB), contributes to developing sustainable and energy-efficient vehicles. Recognising the significance of mineral raw materials for a sustainable LIB supply chain, leading countries have established policies and initiatives to enhance their autonomous sourcing of these critical components. This article examines, for the first time, the Moroccan resources and policies concerning these vital minerals, highlighting the opportunities and challenges in building a robust mining supply chain to support local LIB production. A rigorous examination of prior works has pinpointed the key vital minerals used in LIB, followed by a discussion on Morocco’s potential regarding these critical minerals. Morocco benefits from political stability and possesses significant reserves and production capacity for battery raw materials, including 30 million metric tonnes of phosphates, 1.5 million metric tonnes of manganese, 45 million metric tonnes of cobalt and nickel, 5 million metric tonnes of copper, and further prospective deposits of iron, lithium, and graphite. The findings indicate that although the country’s resource wealth and political stability offer a strong foundation, it is necessary to improve mineral exploration and production levels of these critical minerals, as well as to valorise these reserves, which are currently being exported in their raw or intermediate forms without substantial additional value for the nation. The present study establishes a foundation for sustainable electric mobility through the development of a local industrial ecosystem for LIB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 104245"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing biodiesel cetane number prediction: Comparative study of neural network architectures with integer and conformable transfer functions","authors":"J.I. Johnson ,&nbsp;A.I. Mata ,&nbsp;J.A. Hernández ,&nbsp;A. Parrales ,&nbsp;J.A. Rodríguez ,&nbsp;J.E. Solís-Pérez ,&nbsp;J.F. Gómez-Aguilar ,&nbsp;J.L. García-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;F. Jiménez-Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise prediction of biodiesel properties, particularly cetane number, presents an ongoing challenge due to the complexity of its composition and combustion behavior. Consequently, this study is dedicated to enhancing the prediction of biodiesel properties by employing integer and conformable transfer functions in the hidden layer of artificial neural networks. The ELU, SWISH, SOFTPLUS, LOGSIG, and TANSIG functions and their conformability were evaluated to predict the cetane number. A dataset of experimental observations was obtained, encompassing 16 input variables. Based on molar ratios, these variables represent the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), ranging from C8 to C24. The experimentation incorporated a slope-intercept test with a confidence level of 99% as an initial filter for model selection, demonstrating a commitment to improving biodiesel property prediction. The findings uncovered that a conformable artificial neural network (CANN) model featuring a 16:4:1 architecture and employing the CTANSIG transfer function in the hidden layer and linear function in the output layer achieved outstanding performance. It exhibited a strong correlation coefficient of 0.9384 and RMSE 0.0408, effectively balancing precision and computational efficiency. Additionally, this study streamlined ANN models using conformable transfer functions, thereby reducing complexity and enhancing predictive accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 104241"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}