Energy transition through solar thermal technology: experimental study of a parabolic trough concentrator

This study evaluates a low-cost parabolic trough concentrator constructed using locally available materials for solar-thermal applications. The system achieves temperatures exceeding 100 °C for extended periods, demonstrating potential for industrial processes such as textile dyeing (120 °C steam) and cleaning (55 °C hot water). With a cost of 622–1118 USD kWt⁻¹, the design prioritizes affordability, utilizing high-reflectance aluminum sheets and borosilicate glass tubes (19 % of costs) to minimize heat loss. Key components include tracking systems (13 %) and monitoring devices (47 %), though non-serial manufacturing reduces structural expenses (11 %). Performance enhancements—such as curved mirrors, vacuum insulation, or serial/parallel module configurations—could improve efficiency but may raise costs. The PTC supports sustainable industrial heat generation, reducing fossil fuel dependence and aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (Affordable Clean Energy) and 13 (Climate Action). Hybridization with biomass or thermal storage systems can mitigate solar intermittency, further cutting CO₂ emissions. Additionally, the concentrator serves as an educational tool for renewable energy research. This work underscores the viability of solar-thermal technology in decarbonizing industrial processes while emphasizing cost-effectiveness and scalability for global climate solutions.