Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic load assessment of PEM fuel cell systems under PID-based control strategies for sustainable operation","authors":"Tarek Abedin ,&nbsp;Johnny Koh Siaw Paw ,&nbsp;Normy Norfiza Abdul Razak ,&nbsp;Chen Chai Phing ,&nbsp;Yaw Chong Tak ,&nbsp;Monowar Mahmud ,&nbsp;Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ,&nbsp;T.M. Yunus Khan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Tariqul Islam ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nur-E-Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems’ reliable operation under variable load conditions is a significant challenge because of voltage fluctuations, transient variations, and the high computational requirements of sophisticated control techniques like intelligent and model predictive controllers. Even while these state-of-the-art methods provide great precision, complexity and cost often limit their real-time applicability, underscoring the need for a simpler but efficient control solution. To achieve effective voltage regulation in PEMFC systems, this study suggests a DC–DC buck converter in conjunction with a comparator-based proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control technique. In order to provide stable operation under both constant and changing load situations, the method uses a feedback-driven system with optimally adjusted PID parameters. This methodology has been proven by extensive MATLAB/Simulink simulations, which include step changes and varied resistive loads. The results show that the suggested approach maintains a steady output voltage of 20 V over a wide load spectrum (1 Ω to 61 Ω) while achieving a quick settling time of around 1.4 s, an overshoot of just 0.24%, and a low voltage ripple of 0.24%. Additionally, during transient periods, the system shows low oscillations and excellent durability. In conclusion, the proposed comparator-based PID control strikes a good compromise between ease of implementation and performance, making it a practical and effective replacement for resource-intensive state-of-the-art controllers in real-time PEMFC energy management tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104996"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decarbonization of industries using reverse brayton high temperature heat pumps: A case study in the ceramic industry","authors":"Dimitrios N. Korres ,&nbsp;Evangelos Bellos ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Nikolopoulos ,&nbsp;Varshil Dalal ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Stathopoulos ,&nbsp;Apostolοs Gkountas ,&nbsp;Pantelis Bakalis ,&nbsp;Ilias K. Tragazikis ,&nbsp;Agis Kothalis","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.105000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.105000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A closed-loop Reverse-Brayton High Temperature Heat Pump with air working medium is studied and optimized considering real operating conditions for a ceramic industry. The heat pump was considered to upgrade the waste heat of the kiln’s exhaust gases into useful heat for further heating up the combustion air. All the necessary thermodynamic variables are determined by calculating the compressor and turbine work, the input power, the coefficient of performance, and the exergy efficiency. First, a detailed optimization procedure is carried out for various inlet preheated air temperatures in the range of 100–200 °C, with the primary aim being the maximization of the heat pump performance (COP maximization) by identifying the optimal working-medium mass flow rate for each preheated air temperature level. Secondly, for the defined optimized operating conditions, a dynamic analysis was performed for a typical week of operation, considering real data with inlet preheated air temperatures within the range of 106.8–179 °C (typical week fluctuation) and considering operation under optimized mass flow rate values. It was found that the integration of HTHP leads to 1.36% primary energy savings and 5.44% CO₂ emissions reduction on a yearly basis, ensuring a slightly lower annual operating cost than the respective of natural gas combustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 105000"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomaly detection and cyber resilience improvement method for EV charging network against false data injection attacks","authors":"Jinhui Xia ,&nbsp;Ruilong Deng ,&nbsp;Mengzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Ze Li ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure raises significant cybersecurity concerns, including vulnerabilities to unauthorized access, data manipulation, and service disruption. Real-time detection and isolation of these threats during the transmission of energy usage information within the EV charging network (EVCN) become essential to protect user privacy and ensure operational integrity for EV charging ecosystems. This article proposes an anomaly detection and cyber resilience improvement method for the EVCN against false data injection (FDI) attacks. Therein, two state and unknown input observers (SUIO) are developed for the accurate observations of both AC side and DC side variables of the front-end power factor correction converter in the charging system. Such SUIO-based analytical redundancy generates residuals for the online detection of unauthorized alteration of the energy usage information transmitted within the EVCN. After tagging the anomaly as an FDI attack, the erroneous information is isolated and the observed values of the compromised signal is transmitted instead to reconstruct the information transmission framework. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy are validated by diversified simulations and hardware-in-the-loop-based experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104999"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic, energy, safety, and HAZOP analysis of dimethyl ether production via CO2 sequestration using Aspen plus","authors":"S. David Roshan ,&nbsp;L. Muruganandam ,&nbsp;P. Monash ,&nbsp;Samarshi Chakraborty ,&nbsp;G. Uday Bhaskar Babu ,&nbsp;Bandaru Kiran","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exponential increase in global energy demands resulting from population growth and industrialization has led to a larger need for sustainable and competent energy sources. However, rising energy demands are increasing greenhouse gas emissions and accelerating climate change, stressing the need for sustainable energy sources. Dimethyl ether (DME) is one such alternative energy source that has the potential to significantly reduce energy dependency on fossil fuels and mitigate the adverse effects. This study is focused on the production of DME using Cu-ZnO₂ <!-->and γ-alumina as catalysts using Aspen Plus V11. Our study yielded a DME product with a purity of 98.5% and a methanol conversion percentage of 80.5%. The calculated Process Mass Intensity (PMI) of the process was 3.03. In addition, the plant’s safety and HAZOP analysis are examined<!--> <!-->based on the Risk Priority Number (RPN). In this paper, both energy and economic analyses are employed for optimizing energy systems.<!--> <!-->The total utility savings were 33.07 Gcal/hr, with cooling and heating utility savings of 49% and 93.82%, respectively. The economic analysis revealed that the plant can generate an annual operating profit of approximately 215 million<!--> <!-->$.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104985"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal evolution of extracellular polymeric substances reveals roles in facilitating electron transfer and structural organization in electroactive biofilms","authors":"Han Xu,&nbsp;Jean-Marie Fontmorin,&nbsp;Benjamin Erable","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure and electroactivity of electroactive biofilms (EABs) are strongly influenced by the composition and abundance of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In this study, a multi-cycle acetate feeding strategy was applied over 50 days of constant polarization at - 0.1 V/SCE, comprising six acetate addition (AA) cycles, to investigate the temporal evolution of EPS and its relationship with electrochemical performance, biofilm structure, and microbial dynamics. From AA3 to AA6, <em>Geobacter</em> progressively dominated the biofilms, with its abundance increasing from 59% to 85%, accompanied by a 2.1-fold increase in protein content. In mature EABs, protein content was strongly correlated with transferred charge, enabling sustained maximal current density and stable electroactivity after AA3. Polysaccharides in the loosely bound EPS was closely associated with biofilm thickness, reflecting its structural contribution, whereas polysaccharides in the tightly bound EPS acted as a carbon reservoir. Following AA3, seven days of acetate deprivation led to the consumption of polysaccharides in tightly bound EPS by the residual biofilm to sustain metabolic activity, resulting in a marked decrease in its content. Overall, these results highlight the central role of EPS dynamics in EAB maturation and long-term stability and functionality in bioelectrochemical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104992"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy optimization of a vertical farm in a Canadian hemiboreal humid climate","authors":"Sanchez Logan,&nbsp;Lubitz William","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High energy consumption is common in environmentally controlled indoor vertical farms. Energy modelling of vertical farms can be used to quantify consumption and trial potential efficiency improvements. A TRNSYS model was developed of an existing indoor hydroponic vertical farm in Timmins, Ontario, Canada. The model is shown to reliably predict indoor environmental conditions, equipment runtime, and energy consumption for the existing facility. Predictions of monthly farm consumption to energy billing records showed good overall agreement, with a mean absolute percentage error of 9.1%, mean percentage error of −3.5%, CV-RMSE of 14.30%, and NMBE of −3.05%. The model was next used to investigate improving facility energy efficiency by implementing either outdoor ventilation or an air-to-air heat exchanger (AAHX). Use of an AAHX is recommended, as predicted cost savings were consistently higher than those of the ventilator at current electricity and CO₂ costs. However, results are shown to be sensitive to input electricity and CO₂ costs. If the CO₂ cost were halved, the ventilator would be recommended, as it would achieve greater overall cost savings than the AAHX.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104987"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of climate elements on indoor thermal comfort with the Trombe wall passive heating system","authors":"Shiqiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Kui Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Trombe wall is a well-established passive solar heating technology. However, individual climatic elements governing heating-season indoor thermal comfort remain insufficiently quantified. This study employs a validated CFD model to investigate the effects of the peak solar radiation, mean outdoor temperature (<em>MOT</em>), wind speed, and diurnal temperature range (<em>DTR</em>) on PMV, PPD, and thermal sensation scale, and to benchmark the Trombe wall against a traditional wall. Results reveal that, compared to the reference wall, the Trombe wall shifts thermal sensation toward warmer states, reducing cool-state duration by 3.1 h, mainly by alleviating nighttime cold discomfort but with higher daytime overheating likelihood. Increasing peak solar radiation from 650 to 850 W/m² shortens thermal neutrality from 5.0 h to 4.2 h and raises overheating-related <em>PPD</em> from 27.1% to 64.5%. Increasing wind speed suppresses overheating, reducing the overheating-related maximum <em>PPD</em> and lowering mean <em>PPD</em>, with only a slight increase in overcooling. <em>MOT</em> shows a non-monotonic relationship between comfort and PPD. Larger <em>DTR</em> aggravates discomfort. Sensitivity analysis shows that rankings vary by comfort metric, yet the MOT consistently remains the dominant driver across indicators. The results clarify how climatic drivers regulate Trombe-wall thermal comfort and inform climate-specific design and implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104991"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-oil production from greywater-grown microalgae via microwave pyrolysis","authors":"Aggarwal Mohit ,&nbsp;Remya Neelancherry","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greywater-grown polyculture microalgae were valorised via microwave pyrolysis to produce bio-oil. Process parameters, microwave power (300–900 W) and reaction time (5–30 min), were optimized using response surface methodology and validated against several machine learning models (SVM, Random Forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost, and ANN). The best-performing models were deployed as interactive ‘Streamlit’ applications to enable real-time yield and TAN predictions. A maximum bio-oil yield of 56.2 wt% was achieved at 600 W and 17.5 min, exceeding yields typically reported for monoculture-derived oils. It had high heating value, total acid number, and pH of 32.8 MJ/kg, 3.89 mg KOH/g, and 7.8, respectively. High-resolution mass spectrometry and NMR analyses identified several bio-oil constituents such as alkylated phenolics, pyridines, and carboxylated species, along with nitrogen-containing heterocycles and oxygenated compounds that influence acidity, stability, and energy content. This study also elucidated the dominant reaction mechanisms governing the conversion of protein-derived nitrogenous species, lipid-derived intermediates, and carbohydrate-derived oxygenates. Heat and mass transfer analyses were performed to provide mechanistic insights into biomass: SiC interactions, energy flow, and volatile matter evolution, thus highlighting the dominance of conductive heating and convective volatile transport. Overall, the greywater–microalgae–bio-oil pathway demonstrates a circular, waste-to-energy route with relevance for decentralized and emerging biofuel production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104984"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization and comparative analysis of wind-solar and wind-solar-gas energy systems considering ladder carbon trading mechanism","authors":"Juntao Han ,&nbsp;Yibo Han ,&nbsp;Yongzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Han ,&nbsp;Jiayu Lin ,&nbsp;Kuo Song ,&nbsp;Hao Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of sustainable energy development, the integration of renewable energy and carbon trading mechanisms has emerged as an effective pathway for reducing carbon emissions in integrated energy systems (IES). However, existing studies predominantly focus on the performance assessment of single-type distributed energy system architectures and lack a multi-dimensional comparative evaluation of wind-solar (WS) and wind-solar-gas (WSG) energy systems. Moreover, current research mainly emphasizes energy, economic, and environmental dimensions, often overlooking the critical aspect of energy supply autonomy. To address these gaps, this study constructs two system architectures: wind-solar IES and wind-solar-gas IES. A multi-objective optimization framework incorporating the ladder carbon trading mechanism is established, with optimization objectives including primary energy savings ratio (PESR), annual total cost savings ratio (ATCSR), carbon dioxide emission reduction ratio (CDERR), and grid interaction level (GIL). The Pareto fronts are obtained using the NSGA-II algorithm, and the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method is applied for multi-objective decision-making to compare the optimal configurations and overall performance of the two architectures. The results indicate that, compared with WSG, WS achieves improvements of 5.3% in PESR and 7.1% in ATCSR. However, its CDERR decreases by 2.7%. The higher emissions in WS despite lower energy consumption result from greater reliance on coal-dominated grid electricity (0.968 kgCO₂/kWh) compared to WSG’s use of natural gas (0.203 kgCO₂/kWh). In addition, the GIL of WS increases by 23.8%, indicating stronger grid dependence. These findings reveal that WS exhibits superior economic and energy performance but relatively weaker environmental benefits and reduced energy supply autonomy. This study provides a valuable analytical paradigm for the optimal design and comprehensive evaluation of IES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104990"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable synthesis and electrode engineering of Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.5O2 and LiFePO4/C cathode materials for 18650 laboratory cells","authors":"H.D. Agudelo-Arias ,&nbsp;D.C. Orozco-Gallo ,&nbsp;J.D. Ortiz-Gonzalez ,&nbsp;F.A. Vásquez-Arroyave ,&nbsp;J.A. Calderón-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2026.104997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cathode materials remain a critical challenge for reducing costs and improving durability in lithium-ion batteries. This work presents a scalable method for synthesizing cathode materials and optimizing slurries using a response-surface experimental design to minimize testing while identifying slurry compositions that increase discharge capacity by boosting active-material loading. Two cathode systems: Li_1.2Ni_0.3Mn_0.5O₂ on an α-MnOOH template and LiFePO₄/C, were synthesized, scaled, and characterized using Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and electrochemical analysis. Optimized slurries were then evaluated through densification, adhesion (ASTM <span><span>D3359</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>-2), and mechanical bending/lamination tests to assess their suitability for 18650 cell assembly. Statistical analysis indicated that binder and Super P content negatively affect discharge capacity, whereas electrode thickness and Super P content positively affect it. A dry-film thickness of 30 µm was identified as optimal for calendering, resulting in better malleability and higher capacity. Custom 18650 cells demonstrated that LFP/C offers superior cycling stability and durability, whereas LNMO α-MnOOH provides higher initial capacities. Overall, this integrated workflow offers a scalable pathway from cathode synthesis to electrode fabrication and 18650 lab-cell assembly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104997"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147803853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}