Peijin Li , Zhijian Hu , Yichen Shen , Xinyan Cheng , Mohannad Alhazmi
{"title":"Short-term electricity load forecasting based on large language models and weighted external factor optimization","authors":"Peijin Li , Zhijian Hu , Yichen Shen , Xinyan Cheng , Mohannad Alhazmi","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate short-term electricity load forecasting is essential for the stable and efficient operation of modern power systems. This paper proposes a novel forecasting framework that integrates a time-decay weighted average of historical loads with external factor adjustments derived from structured data (weather and calendar) and unstructured textual sources (news). A key innovation lies in the dual role played by the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), which is used both to extract semantic features from news texts and to perform adaptive self-tuning mechanism that dynamically refines external factor scores. The model is validated through a case study using real-world data from New York State. Results show that the optimized prediction significantly improves forecasting accuracy, reducing the mean absolute error (MAE) by 90.7% and the root mean square error (RMSE) by 88.5% compared to the initial estimate. This work demonstrates the practical potential of large language models in energy forecasting and offers a scalable approach for integrating natural language understanding into quantitative prediction systems</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104449"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategies to reduce carbon and water footprints in lignocellulosic biorefineries towards net zero carbon emissions","authors":"Apurav Sharma , Sachin Kumar , Anuj Kumar Chandel","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The successful deployment of lignocellulose biorefinery (LBR) has potential to address the global challenges including, environmental degradation, energy security, climate change and poverty eradication. Biorefineries of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) provide a wide array of bioproducts through different means including biochemical, thermochemical and catalytic routes boosting circular economy. LCB, by virtue, is consisted of complex polysaccharides and lignin which contribute to high recalcitrance eventually requiring high energy, water, chemicals for its processing into biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials. Because of diverse and complex processing routes, significant amounts of carbon and water footprints (CWFs) exerts in the biorefinery. Reducing CWFs in LBR is essential for the sustainable industrial practices. This review explores strategies to reduce the CWFs, which are the key to advancing biofuel and chemical production from LCB. This review presents a novel integrated analysis of strategies that simultaneously target CWFs, providing comprehensive framework that aligns with global decarbonization and sustainable resource management by investigating various unit operations in LBRs, starting with biomass pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and proceeding to fermentation or catalytic conversion to product followed by downstream processing. Selection of eco-friendly and efficient processing routes, and considering the effective utilization of LCB including induction of 3Rs (reuse, reduce and recycle) can remarkably overcome the CWFs in LBRs. The article thoroughly examines the factors contributing to the CWFs and identifies key strategies for minimizing impacts on environment and natural resources, thus supporting the transition towards more environmentally-friendly and sustainable LBRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104454"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the applicability of a railway-integrated photovoltaic system for sustainable urban tourist trains","authors":"Jeongwoo Park, Minju Kim, Chang-Uk Hyun","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Haeundae Beach Train is a battery-powered electric train system redeveloped from a disused railway that connects major tourist destinations in Busan, Republic of Korea. This study analyzed the feasibility of using photovoltaic panels installed along the train railway to meet the train’s electricity demands. Solar radiation data were calculated using ArcGIS Pro software, incorporating monthly diffuse proportion and transmittivity values. The resulting solar radiation data were combined with meteorological data to generate synthetic data that reflected local climatic characteristics. The synthetic data were used in PVsyst simulations to estimate monthly photovoltaic power generation. As a result, approximately 943,882 kWh of electricity could be generated annually as of 2023, exceeding the train’s electricity consumption during all months. In August, when the train’s electricity consumption was at its peak, and in December, when photovoltaic power generation was at its lowest, photovoltaic power generation was approximately 3.8 times and 2.7 times the train’s electricity consumption, respectively. Additionally, a reduction of approximately 415 tons of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions annually was estimated. This study presents a practical methodology for evaluating the potential of photovoltaic systems installed along railway and concludes that they can effectively meet the electricity demands of electric train operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104468"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zuhang Chen , Weifeng Zhao , Wenhui Li , Zhenyu Yu , Yelin Deng
{"title":"A novel differential voltage segment-based rejection and clustering method for enhancing short and long term consistency in reuse of retired batteries","authors":"Zuhang Chen , Weifeng Zhao , Wenhui Li , Zhenyu Yu , Yelin Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retired battery reuse presents significant economic and environmental advantages, with battery consistency being a critical factor for optimizing performance in second-life applications. Current research methods have the following deficiencies: Feature selection lacks a good cost-efficiency balance, hindering practical scalability; Clustering algorithms are deficient in robustness, adaptability, and initialization sensitivity, restricting the use in multidimensional battery datasets; Verification experiments often ignore comprehensive metrics, failing to consider long-term consistency in real applications. To address these issues, this paper introduces an innovative approach to enhance the uniformity of retired battery systems, incorporating four key advancements: First, coefficient of variation (CV) analysis is applied to differential voltage (DV) curves to identify critical DV segments. Second, a hybrid algorithm integrating the nearest neighbor technique with fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering is introduced for optimal battery grouping, improving long-term capacity retention by at least 4.8–9.9 % compared to conventional methods. Third, a distance-based outlier detection method is proposed, which enhances long-term system consistency by 15.7 % relative to density-based approaches. Finally, a weighted-average methodology is developed to systematically assess battery consistency. Collectively, these innovations establish a comprehensive framework for improving the reliability and sustainability of retired battery systems in secondary use scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104442"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Alktranee , Qudama Al-Yasiri , Tayser Sumer Gaaz , Péter Bencs , Mohammed Ahmed Shehab , Bilal El Mrabate
{"title":"Experimental examination of a boiler heat exchanger using nanofluids: Thermo-energetic and enviro-economic analysis","authors":"Mohammed Alktranee , Qudama Al-Yasiri , Tayser Sumer Gaaz , Péter Bencs , Mohammed Ahmed Shehab , Bilal El Mrabate","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single and hybrid nanofluids have been widely employed in different thermal systems, showing notable thermal advancements. The current work examines zinc oxide (ZnO) and hybrid multi-wall carbon nanotubes-zinc oxide (MWCNT-ZnO)-based nanofluids to maximize the thermal energy of boilers and assist sustainability. Energetic parameters, such as boiler efficiency and electric power consumption, are also quantified for proposed nanofluids compared to conventional water. Moreover, an enviro-economic analysis was presented to show the CO<sub>2</sub> emission minimization and electric energy cost savings on a daily basis. Experimental outcomes revealed that the MWCNT-ZnO hybrid nanofluid has increased the heat transfer rate, convective heat transfer coefficient, and Nu to about 4252 W, 1524 W/m<sup>2</sup>·K, and 226.19, when at 0.02 % and inlet temperature of 55.94 °C. However, minimum friction factor and pressure drop were reported for water compared to using ZnO and MWCNT-ZnO nanofluids. The hybrid nanofluid augmented boiler efficiency and electric power consumption by about 7 % and 43 %, respectively over water usage, indicating remarkable thermo-energetic progress. Moreover, the enviro-economic analysis results showed that using mono and hybrid nanofluids has decremented CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and saved energy costs by about 22 % and 30 % by employing ZnO and MWCNT-ZnO nanofluids, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104460"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chensheng Wang , Lipeng He , Lindong Fan , Hasiaoqier Han , Xuesen Yuan , Hongnan Zhou
{"title":"A hybrid piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvester for harvesting fluid energy in a pipeline","authors":"Chensheng Wang , Lipeng He , Lindong Fan , Hasiaoqier Han , Xuesen Yuan , Hongnan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The power supply issue of flow velocity sensors is a major obstacle limiting their widespread application in fields such as remote environmental monitoring and industrial process control. This paper introduces a hybrid piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvester for harvesting fluid energy in a pipeline (F-HEH). F-HEH mainly comprises two parts: a self-powered module and a self-sensing module. Experimental results indicate that when the rotor is equipped with 15 blades and the PEH is connected in series, the F-HEH system achieves optimal output performance, with the maximum root mean square power reaching 124.3 mW. Following performance testing, F-HEH was demonstrated to enable hydrogen production through water electrolysis. By leveraging the inherent properties of F-HEH, an energy storage and utilization circuit can be constructed to provide a continuous power supply for lithium batteries. The coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) reaches 0.97494 when fitting the relationship between water flow speeds and corresponding voltage frequencies. This proves that F-HEH also has a self-sensing function. This research proposes an innovative approach for energy harvesting and flow velocity monitoring in fluid pipelines, contributing to the advancement of intelligent fluid monitoring systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104469"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative study of climate impacts on the optimal allocation and dispatch of renewable energy systems under Saudi Arabia’s 2030 vision","authors":"Abdullah M Maghfuri , Wang Yu , Mba Wright Mark","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate model projections indicate that solar irradiation and wind patterns will likely change in future decades. The purpose of this study is to compare the optimal allocation and dispatch of solar, wind, and fossil-based energy facilities in three Saudi Arabia (SA) cities based on current climate (2020) and 2030 climate projections. This study gathers climate data projections for the selected cities and develops a dynamic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model of electricity production. Model results suggest that solar power systems are optimal for renewable energy generation. Solar generation capacities for current climate (2020) in Riyadh, Dhahran, and Jeddah were 43,300, 31,420, and 4,006 kW, respectively. The systemwide levelized cost was $0.10/kWh, and solar power systems operate 85 % of the time. If solar capacity is limited to 40 %, as assumed in the SA 2030 SA vision, Dhahran would invest in 9,900 kW of wind generation capacity. The levelized cost of wind generation would be $0.11/kWh with a capacity factor of 10 %. These results suggest that the SA vision should consider higher solar energy penetration. However, if other constraints limit solar generation capacity, then wind and some fossil-based or nuclear energy generation could supplement solar power systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104459"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indoor Overheating Risks of PV-ETICS and Dark-coloured Facades: Experimental and Simulation-based Assessment","authors":"Martin Talvik, Simo Ilomets, Targo Kalamees","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are gaining attention for improving energy performance and on-site electricity generation. However, dark-coloured PV panels in facade applications may pose a risk of overheating, particularly when integrated into External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) without a ventilation cavity. This study investigates the impact of dark facade plasters and BIPV with external phase change materials (PCM) on indoor overheating in the cold climate of Estonia. A full-scale experimental test wall with PV-ETICS and light-coloured traditional ETICS was constructed and monitored for thermal behaviour. An IDA ICE simulation model was created and calibrated. Using this model, a typical concrete apartment building was analysed for overheating. The results showed that PV-ETICS systems only modestly increased overheating degree-hours — by 3–10 °C·h above 27 °C in the case of a 200 mm thermal insulation layer, while thinner insulations showed more significant overheating. While the overheating effect isn’t severe enough to hinder the PV-PCM ETICS facade concept, it should be considered in indoor climate and energy modelling, especially for insulation levels ≤100 mm. Mitigation can be achieved by using lower <em>g</em>-value glazing or passive shading methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104452"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafi Ur Rahman , Jaljalalul Abedin Jony , Alamgeer , Hasnain Yousuf , Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar , Maha Nur Aida , Alwuheeshi Shurouq Abdulqadir Mohammed , Sangheon Park , Junsin Yi
{"title":"Enhancing LeTID mitigation and regeneration in High-Efficiency PERC, TOPCon, and HIT crystalline silicon solar cells through Frequency-Dependent AC biasing waveform optimization","authors":"Rafi Ur Rahman , Jaljalalul Abedin Jony , Alamgeer , Hasnain Yousuf , Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar , Maha Nur Aida , Alwuheeshi Shurouq Abdulqadir Mohammed , Sangheon Park , Junsin Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LeTID significantly impacts the performance of c-Si solar cells, particularly in PERC, TOPCon, and HIT technologies. This study investigates these solar cells’ degradation and subsequent regeneration under 1-sun illumination at 85 °C for 11 h, followed by 2-hour AC biasing at 500 kHz using sinusoidal, square, and triangular waveforms. The degradation results indicate that PERC cells exhibit the highest performance loss, with J<sub>sc,</sub> V<sub>oc,</sub> FF, and η declining by approximately 4.56 %, 5.03 %, 4.15 %, and 4.18 %. TOPCon cells moderate degradation with reductions of 3.33 %, 4.56 %, 3.98 %, and 3.92 %, while HIT cells exhibit the least degradation, with losses of only 1.84 %, 1.76 %, 1.74 %, and 1.64 %. Regeneration analysis reveals that square waveform AC biasing is the most effective, restoring 99.73 % of efficiency in TOPCon, 99.54 % in HIT, and 96.78 % in PERC. The superior performance of square waveform AC biasing is attributed to its sharp voltage transitions, which enhance charge carrier redistribution and defect passivation. Sinusoidal waveforms demonstrate moderate recovery, while triangular waveforms are the least effective. The findings establish TOPCon as the most responsive technology to AC biasing-based LeTID mitigation, while PERC remains the most vulnerable due to passivation instability and recombination losses. These results highlight square waveform AC biasing as a promising technique for improving the stability and efficiency of c-Si solar cells in long-term field operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104446"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niran Daimary , Bachu Deb , Bidesh Roy , Ritesh Kumar Ranjan , Akarsan Mukherjee
{"title":"Sustainable biorefinery approach for the transformation of biowaste into biofuels and chemicals for the circular economy: A review","authors":"Niran Daimary , Bachu Deb , Bidesh Roy , Ritesh Kumar Ranjan , Akarsan Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2025.104457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization and conversion of biowaste through a biorefinery approach is an eco-friendly method of transforming biowaste into usable products along with commercially viable value-added products that address energy, chemicals, and environmental concerns. This study examines the potential of several biowaste feedstocks, including agricultural residues, municipal solid waste, food waste, and biowaste from food processing businesses, for the production of biofuels, biochemicals, and biomaterials. Biochemical (Anaerobic digestion, fermentation) and thermochemical (pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal, torrefection, liquefaction) processes are examples of advanced bioconversion technologies that have been assessed for their effectiveness, yield of products, and byproducts. Furthermore, in the study, India’s perspective on utilizing biowaste for the biorefinery and several government initiatives that have been undertaken are highlighted. Overall, the biowaste biorefinery models should emphasize resource recovery and waste valorization while integrating the circular economy concepts. Hence, a comprehensive strategy towards process integration and regulatory support is crucial for the full application of biowaste in biorefineries in transition to a biobased economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 104457"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}