International Journal of Transgenderism最新文献

{"title":"<i>\"I love you as both and I love you as neither\"</i>: Romantic partners' affirmations of nonbinary trans individuals.","authors":"M Paz Galupo,&nbsp;Lex Pulice-Farrow,&nbsp;Zakary A Clements,&nbsp;Ezra R Morris","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2018.1496867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1496867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Transgender microaffirmations are subtle endorsements of a person's gender identity through both verbal acknowledgements and behavioral gestures. Microaffirmations positively impact individuals who identify as transgender by acknowledging their gender identity and by communicating a sense of support and validation. <b>Aims:</b> This study focuses on microaffirmations specifically directed toward nonbinary transgender individuals within romantic relationships. <b>Methods:</b> Participants included 161 adults who identified as nonbinary: 85 who identified as gender nonconforming and 76 who identified as agender. These participants were either currently in a romantic relationship or had been in a romantic relationship within the past 5 years. Participants completed an online survey and provided examples of the microaffirmations they experienced from their romantic partners. <b>Results:</b> Responses were analyzed via thematic analysis, resulting in four overarching themes: (1) <i>Identity Validations,</i> acknowledgement and acceptance of nonbinary identity; (2) <i>Identity Endorsements,</i> active endorsements of nonbinary through language or behavior; (3) <i>Active Learning,</i> self-education about nonbinary identities; and (4) <i>Active Defense,</i> interruptions of others' negative actions directed at nonbinary partners. <b>Discussion:</b> Discussion of the results focuses on understanding how microaffirmations operate to complicate binary notions of gender/sex and positively influence nonbinary transgender individuals in interpersonal relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":" ","pages":"315-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15532739.2018.1496867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38440155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Queer ethics and fostering positive mindsets toward non-binary gender, genderqueer, and gender ambiguity.","authors":"Lucy Nicholas","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2018.1505576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1505576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Alongside the growth in visibility of gender identities and presentations such as genderqueer, non-binary and gender neutral, there is ridicule and backlash in wider culture, as well as more subtle invisibility and misgendering. While there exists social psychology research about negative and positive attitudes to trans people, this is restricted to those whose gender identity is at odds with their sex assigned at birth, and who identify with binary gender. Social psychology has extended to the more subtle workings of transphobia, but there is little consideration of the distinctiveness of attitudes and responses to those whose genders cannot be attributed in binary ways, and thus how these may be challenged. <b>Methods:</b> In keeping with the methods of social theory, this article brings together a diverse and complementary range of conceptual fields in new ways to diagnose a novel cause and solution to these negative attitudes. Using queer theory, feminist ethics, and empirical studies in post-tolerance sociology and social psychology, it argues that negative social responses to genderqueerness stem not only from overt prejudice in the form of transphobia but from binary genderism, the conviction that there are only two genders. <b>Results and conclusion:</b> This article proposes fostering greater diversity-literacy and empathy for difference as a more effective approach than minority identity-based 'prejudice reduction' approaches. A norm-critical approach to deconstructing gender norms is proposed, thus fostering positive attitudes to genderqueerness. It is therefore demonstrated how best to foster enabling social contexts for genderqueerness, with positive implications for the physical and social health and wellbeing of gender variant people. This approach can be applied in organizations, institutions, and by service providers who interact with genderqueer individuals, in that it can inform a shift to approaching diversity positively in ways that are not restricted to pre-determined and binary identity categories.</p>","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":" ","pages":"169-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15532739.2018.1505576","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38540953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgender and gender diverse people’s involvement in transgender health research","authors":"W. Bouman","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2018.1543066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1543066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"1 1","pages":"357 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90389097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgender peoples’ experiences and perspectives about general healthcare: A systematic review","authors":"Audrey Heng, C. Heal, Jennifer Banks, Robyn Preston","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2018.1502711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1502711","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Healthcare plays a vital role in the health and quality of life of transgender people, particularly those who wish to medically and/or surgically transition. In these cases, healthcare experiences can have a significant impact on the transgender person’s perception of healthcare and future interactions with the healthcare system. Aim: To explore and systematically review the literature related to transgender peoples’ experiences and perspectives of general healthcare. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Informit, and PsycINFO was performed according to established search strategies. Results were screened for eligibility in two parts. Titles and abstracts were screened for relevance, and then full-texts were retrieved and screened using eligibility criteria, resulting in 20 articles of primary research included in the review. Data were extracted from the studies and thematically analyzed to synthesize findings. Results: Four main themes were identified relating to healthcare provider (HCP) knowledge, HCP communication, relationship dynamics, and healthcare systems. These reflected a subtheme of perceived underlying cisnormativity and transphobia which influenced transgender patients’ interactions with the healthcare system. Participants also provided suggestions for improved care experiences. Discussion: Findings from prior studies and reviews about other transgender healthcare related topics describe similar themes and recommendations from participants. This reflects an impetus towards shared dialog and compromise between HCPs, policy makers and transgender patients to listen to each other’s experiences and work collaboratively to improve transgender healthcare. Further research is necessary to explore and target geographic, demographic, and specific healthcare aspects regarding potential implementation of these recommendations.","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"63 1","pages":"359 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85605448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family support and discrimination and their relationship to psychological distress and resilience amongst transgender people","authors":"Kimberly A. Fuller, D. Riggs","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2018.1500966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1500966","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Given the broader social contexts in which transgender people and their families live, the latter can be either an important source of support, or bring with them yet another source of discrimination. Although historically transgender people almost uniformly experienced discrimination from families of origin, recent research suggests that growing numbers of transgender people are supported by their families. Aims: The study reported in this article sought to examine the relationships between family support and discrimination, and psychological distress and resilience. Methods: A convenience sample of 345 transgender people living in North America completed an online questionnaire constructed by the authors. The questionnaire included demographic questions and single items questions about emotional closeness to family, gender-related support from family, and discrimination from family. The questionnaire also included standardized measures of gender-related discrimination, resiliency, social support, and psychological distress. Results: Participants reported moderate levels of gender-related family support, with non-binary participants reporting the lowest levels of gender-related family support. Participants whose families provided greater gender-related support reported greater resilience and lower levels of psychological distress; however participants who reported higher levels of gender-related discrimination from their families reported greater psychological distress. The findings suggest that emotional closeness to family may help mitigate the effects of general discrimination on psychological distress. Discussion: Drawing on the findings reported, the paper concludes by discussing the importance of focusing on family members in the context of affirming clinical approaches to working with transgender adults.","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"145 1","pages":"379 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88174325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normas de Atención para la salud de personas trans y con variabilidad de género","authors":"Eli Coleman, Walter O. Bockting, M. Botzer, P. Cohen-Kettenis, G. D. Cuypere, Jamie L Feldman, Lin Fraser, Jamison Green, Gail Knudson, Walter J. Meyer, Stanislas Monstrey, R. Adler, George R. Brown, Aaron H. Devor, R. Ehrbar, Randi Ettner, E. Eyler, Robert Garofalo, Dan H. Karasic, A. Lev, G. Mayer, Heino F. L. Meyer-Bahlburg, B. P. Hall, Friedemann Pfäfflin, Katherine Rachlin, Beatrice “Bean” E. Robinson, Loren S. Schechter, Vin Tangpricha, M. V. Trotsenburg, A. Vitale, Sam Winter, Stephen Whittle, Kevan Wylie, Kenneth J. Zucker","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2018.1503902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1503902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"64 1","pages":"287 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88757529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traducción al español de las normas de atención de la asociación profesional mundial Para la salud del transgénero: Introducción","authors":"Eli Coleman, Leonardo Candelario-Pérez","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2018.1498266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1498266","url":null,"abstract":"En los dos ultimos a~ nos, las Normas de Atenci on (NDA) de la Asociaci on Profesional Mundial para la Salud del Transg enero (WPATH, del ingl es World Professional Association for Transgender Health) se han traducido del ingl es a otros idiomas ( Arabe, Chino, Croata, Franc es, Alem an, Hindi, Italiano, Japon es, Coreano, Noruego, Persa, Portugu es, Ruso, Serbio, y Espa~ nol). Estas traducciones fueron realizadas luego de la publicaci on de la Versi on 7 de las Normas de Atenci on y est an disponibles en el sitio Web de la WPATH (Coleman y colaboradores, 2011). Las traducciones al chino y al espa~ nol de las Normas de Atenci on de la WPATH estuvieron entre los primeros idiomas en completarse. La versi on al ingl es original limitaba la divulgaci on y aplicaci on mundial de las Normas de Atenci on. Por tanto, estas traducciones (que ahora ascienden a 15) son una herramienta importante para promover la salud de las personas transg enero en muchas areas del mundo. Si bien la traducci on al chino es altamente importante debido al tama~ no de la poblaci on mundial que habla chino, la traducci on al espa~ nol publicada en esta edici on del International Journal of Transgenderism es igualmente importante. Se calcula que 427 millones de personas hablan espa~ nol en el mundo, siendo M exico el pa ıs con la poblaci on m as grande de habla hispana, seguido por los Estados Unidos y Espa~ na (Simons, 2017). Para el 2050, se calcula que Estados Unidos tendr a la poblaci on de habla hispana m as grande del mundo (Instituto Cervantes, 2016). Am erica Latina tiene el n umero m as grande de pa ıses de habla hispana cuyo idioma oficial es el espa~ nol (Simons, 2017). Adem as del tama~ no de la poblaci on y en vista del contexto actual y los cambios r apidos que ocurren en los pa ıses de habla hispana, esta traducci on tiene el potencial de incrementar el cuidado de la salud de las personas transg enero de modo exponencial. Si bien los trabajadores profesionales de cuidado de la salud de las personas transg enero est an razonablemente bien organizados en los Estados Unidos y Europa (inclusive en Espa~ na), no est an tan bien organizados en Am erica Latina. La WPATH cuenta tan solo con un pu~ nado de miembros de Espa~ na y Am erica Latina. Es entendible que no haya muchos miembros de Am erica Latina debido a que la WPATH realiza sus conferencias bienales en ingl es, sin traducci on simult anea, y jam as ha realizado una de sus conferencias en un pa ıs de habla hispana (aunque la WPATH realizar a su pr oxima conferencia en Argentina en el 2018). Se han formado filiales regionales de la WPATH en Europa, Australia, Canad a, y los Estados Unidos y m as recientemente en Brasil. Desafortunadamente, no existe una organizaci on profesional de habla hispana dedicada a la salud de las personas transg enero que proporcione una red de profesionales que trabaje en este campo, para desarrollar competencias profesionales, o abogar por el cuidado de salud de las personas transg ene","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"6 1","pages":"280 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85862895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maladaptive personality traits, defense mechanisms, and trans-negative attitudes","authors":"A. Anzani, Marco Di Sarno, S. Sacchi, A. Prunas","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2018.1478759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1478759","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: Although there is growing interest in trans-negative attitudes and behaviors, few studies have investigated the psychological variables associated with them. The present study aims to assess the relationship between psychopathological symptoms, defensive style, personality traits and negative attitudes toward transgender people. Methods: Participants (N = 165) were asked to complete several questionnaires assessing their psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90-R), defensive style (REM-71), maladaptive personality traits (PID-5-BF), antitransgender attitudes (ATTI), and sociodemographic characteristics. A four-step hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to investigate the predictive role of such variables on antitransgender attitudes. Results: We found a significant negative effect of mature defenses and a positive effect of antagonistic traits on trans-negative attitudes. Political and religious beliefs predicted trans-negative attitudes, whereas no effect was found for the other predictors. We also found a significant effect of age and an interaction effect between sexual orientation and gender, with heterosexual men showing higher levels of trans-negativity than non-heterosexual men. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of both personality and social constructs in predisposing to negative attitudes toward transgender people. Future research should therefore take into account both personality and social variables.","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":"1 1","pages":"456 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86773517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Genderqueer Identity (GQI) Scale: Measurement and validation of four distinct subscales with trans and LGBQ clinical and community samples in two countries.","authors":"Jenifer K McGuire,&nbsp;Titia F Beek,&nbsp;Jory M Catalpa,&nbsp;Thomas D Steensma","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2018.1460735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1460735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Non-binary gender measurement has grown out of a need for accurate representation in scholarship and public health services available to a diverse gender population. <b>Aims:</b> The Genderqueer Identity Scale (GQI) was developed to allow for a multidimensional assessment of genderqueer identity, including non-binary identity, socially constructed versus essentialist gender, theoretical awareness of gender concepts, and gender fluidity. The GQI was designed to assess gender identity across a full spectrum of gender, at any age after mid-adolescence, and at various stages of gender identity development, including prior to, during, and after a gender transition, where applicable. Two of the GQI subscales focus on intrapersonal processes, while two focus on interpersonal processes. <b>Methods</b>: The measure was piloted and refined across four distinct samples: a U.S. university based LGBT sample, consecutive clinical referrals at the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, a Dutch LGB community sample, and an online survey forum (LGBTQ). <b>Results</b>: The first exploratory factor analysis identified minor potential adjustments, which were refined and retested. Researchers evaluated and cross-validated the hypothesized factor structure and determined that the three factor GQI subscales and the unidimensional Gender Fluidity measure yielded internally consistent and valid scores among transgender individuals seeking clinical treatment and LGB individuals within a community setting. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provide evidence of good reliability, construct validity, and internal consistency of all four subscales. <b>Discussion</b>: The subscales were appropriate across a spectrum of gender identities and can be taken in the same form over time and across gender transition statuses, making them suitable for clinical evaluation and community based longitudinal research with trans-identified or gender nonconforming persons. The development of the GQI fills critical gaps in gender-related measurement including the ability to assess multiple dimensions of gender identity, and to assess gender identity across time.</p>","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":" ","pages":"289-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15532739.2018.1460735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38440154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating gender: A thematic analysis of genderqueer narratives.","authors":"Nova J Bradford,&nbsp;G Nicole Rider,&nbsp;Jory M Catalpa,&nbsp;Quinlyn J Morrow,&nbsp;Dianne R Berg,&nbsp;Katherine G Spencer,&nbsp;Jenifer K McGuire","doi":"10.1080/15532739.2018.1474516","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15532739.2018.1474516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background and Aims</i>:</b> Increasingly, research is emerging on the subjective experience of genderqueer people. This study explored how genderqueer identities are understood and managed in both personal and social domains. <b><i>Method</i>:</b> Interview data from 25 genderqueer-identified American adolescents and emerging adults, aged 15 to 26 (<i>M =</i> 21.28<i>, SD</i> = 3.20), were pulled from a larger study of 90 transgender and genderqueer participants. The 90-minute semi-structured interviews included questions about gender identity, the developmental pathway of participants, and relationships with others regarding gender. <b><i>Results</i>:</b> Participants described \"genderqueer\" as a sufficiently broad category to capture their diverse experiences, and descriptions of genderqueer identities were heterogeneous, directly contradicting binary understandings of gender identity. A thematic analysis of interview transcripts resulted in three themes: intrapsychic experience, descriptions of master narratives about gender identity, and the co-construction of identities. <b><i>Discussion</i>:</b> Participants described navigating a series of master and alternative narratives, such that all transgender people transgress a cisnormative master narrative, but genderqueer people further transgress normative understandings of a medicalized, binary transgender identity. The experience of co-creating identities was the process by which participants actively navigated constraints of the master narrative experience. Participants described the integral role of language in crafting new narratives to legitimize genderqueer experiences, as well as the subsequent intragroup conflict resulting from conflicting relationships to narratives in the transgender community. This study highlights genderqueer identities as a source of strength and positivity, and the importance of expanding beyond the hegemonic gender binary within research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":56012,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transgenderism","volume":" ","pages":"155-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15532739.2018.1474516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38540951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}