Risk Management and Healthcare Policy最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Nursing Students' Awareness and Willingness to Participate in Multi-Site Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Fan Li, Qi Huang, Lingling Xiong, Cheng Lei, Shaoyu Mou, Yujing Zhou, Ruichen Liang, Huiting Yu, Haihua Zhang, Xiaobo Ren, Qiuling Shi","doi":"10.2147/RMHP.S503880","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RMHP.S503880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the growing awareness of health and the expanding aging population, the demand for health services continues to rise. According to statistics from China, the number of professionals engaged in medical and health care services is insufficient to meet the public's needs, particularly in terms of nursing human resources in medical institutions. Multi-site practice may offer a potential solution to this issue.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the willingness and motivation of nursing students for multi-site practice of reference and nurse, and to lay a foundation for subsequent research.</p><p><strong>Research questions: </strong>1. How much do nursing students know about multi-site practice? What are the main sources of their knowledge of multi-site practice? 2. What are the main intentions and motivations of nursing students to participate in multi-site practice? For example, is it for financial gain, self-worth, or other reasons? 3. What are the potential barriers for nursing students to participate in multi-site practice in the future? For example, will inadequate laws and regulations, occupational safety issues or excessive work load affect their willingness?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted across eight provinces in China, involving 1014 nursing students who participated in an online survey between October and November 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1014 nursing students surveyed, 61.74% were introduced to multi-site practice through their educational institutions, 75.25% expressed support for multi-site practice, and 53.75% indicated a willingness to engage in multi-site practice. However, a smaller percentage of students reported having a comprehensive understanding of multi-site practice. Notably, 61.74% of students cited their schools as the primary source of multi-site practice-related knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nursing students demonstrate positive attitudes toward multi-site practice and a willingness to participate. However, awareness of multi-site practice could be enhanced, and a standardized multi-site practice training system and model should be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":56009,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 ","pages":"429-443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Patient Satisfaction With MRI Department Services and Staff in Saudi Hospitals.","authors":"Sami A Alghamdi","doi":"10.2147/RMHP.S503803","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RMHP.S503803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient satisfaction is a key component of healthcare quality and is essential for improving clinical outcomes. This study was conducted to assess patient satisfaction with MRI services across 10 hospitals in Saudi Arabia, focusing on both department services and staff performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to August 2024 and involved 496 patients at four private and six public hospitals who underwent MRI scans. A structured questionnaire comprising a five-point Likert scale was used to measure patient satisfaction with MRI department services and staff. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, t-tests, and ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of respondents (51.6% female) were 40-49 years of age, and 41.1% held a bachelor's degree. Overall, 92% of patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with MRI department services, particularly with registration efficiency (91.9%) and equipment quality (84.7%). However, satisfaction with waiting times was lower, with 66.1% of patients expressing satisfaction. Regarding MRI staff, 95.9% of patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with the privacy and confidentiality maintained during the procedure. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) was observed between satisfaction with staff and overall MRI services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The patients reported high levels of satisfaction with MRI services, particularly with staff professionalism and facility quality. However, waiting times before MRI scans were identified as requiring improvement, particularly in public hospitals. Addressing this issue while maintaining high service standards can enhance patient satisfaction and overall experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":56009,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 ","pages":"419-428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-Site Evaluation and Improvement Strategies of Radiation Occupational Hazard Prevention and Control Effectiveness in Medical Institution Construction Projects.","authors":"Hong-Xia Xie, Ming-Qing Zhang, Zhi-Xiang Li, Huai-Liang Zhao","doi":"10.2147/RMHP.S505085","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RMHP.S505085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the control effectiveness of medical institution construction projects, and to summarize and analyze the radiation protection management status and improvement strategies of relevant medical institutions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 medical institutions in our city were evaluated for control effectiveness through measures such as data research, on-site investigations, equipment quality testing, and radiation health protection inspections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The compliance rates of personnel configuration, verification of protective measures, and radiation protection management and emergency response were 95.0%, 67.5%, and 70.0%, respectively. Compared to earlier evaluation periods (eg, before the implementation of new DR performance testing standards, where compliance rates were below 60%), there has been a marked improvement in compliance with performance and protection testing, particularly after the introduction of updated evaluation criteria. The first-pass rates of performance testing for DSA, DR, CT, and dental equipment were 100%, 84.0%, 92.0%, and 100%, respectively. The first-pass rates of radiation protection inspection for related equipment rooms were 100%, 100%, 92.0%, and 100%, respectively. New DR performance testing standards introduced specialized testing items, such as dark noise, detector dose indication (DDI), and signal transmission characteristics (STP), which presented initial challenges due to the unavailability of pre-processing images in some manufacturers' products. Additionally, higher monitoring values were identified at doors, door gaps, and cable penetration points in equipment rooms. Regarding radiation protection management and emergency response, issues such as overly rigid emergency response plans, insufficient personal dose management, and inadequate occupational health examinations remain, requiring systematic adjustments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>At present, the awareness of radiation hazard prevention and control in medical institutions has been improved. Compared to earlier periods of testing and evaluation, there has been a significant improvement in the degree of compliance with performance and protection testing. Medical institutions have strengthened equipment annual inspections, quality control, and other management work, further enhancing the level of radiation protection management.</p>","PeriodicalId":56009,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 ","pages":"409-417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'That's Enough' - Workplace Violence Against Physicians, Pharmacists, and Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Causes, and Consequences.","authors":"Faten Alhomoud","doi":"10.2147/RMHP.S509895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S509895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Workplace violence (WPV) threatens the safety and well-being of healthcare providers and leads to significant organizational consequences, including staff burnout, reduced productivity, and high turnover rates. At the societal level, it reduces the quality of care, increases medical errors, and imposes a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems and communities. Despite the global attention to WPV, systematic reviews specifically addressing WPV across all three professions-physicians, pharmacists, and nurses-and in various healthcare settings in Saudi Arabia are lacking. This review examines the prevalence, contributing factors, types, sources, potential causes, reactions, and impact of WPV against HCPs in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases from January 2010 to November 2024 and reviewed reference lists of included studies focusing on WPV against physicians, pharmacists, and nurses in Saudi Arabia. Two researchers independently screened studies for inclusion, resolved discrepancies through discussion, and extracted data in duplicate. The quality of included studies was assessed using critical appraisal tools for cross-sectional studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 42 studies were reviewed using the AXIS tool for cross-sectional studies. The prevalence of WPV against HCPs ranged from 26% to 90.7%. This range reflects overall WPV prevalence across various studies, encompassing different healthcare settings and professional groups. Verbal violence was the most reported type (19.7-98.2%), followed by threats (12-74.4%), physical violence (3-79%), and sexual violence (1.9-76.5%). Perpetrators were predominantly male, with patients (7.1-99.3%) and their relatives or friends (6.6-91%) as the primary sources. Contributing factors of WPV included gender, age, profession, workload, shift patterns, nationality, experience, and inadequate training. Causes included staff shortages, overcrowding, long waiting times, miscommunication, unmet patient demands, insufficient penalties, and inadequate security measures. Responses to WPV varied, with some HCPs reporting incidents and others taking no action. The impact on HCPs included psychological distress, reduced work quality, and occasional job resignation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of WPV against HCPs in Saudi Arabia highlights the urgent need for enhanced protective measures, increased awareness of WPV policies, and improved reporting systems. Understanding the factors contributing to WPV can inform targeted intervention programs to foster safer healthcare environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":56009,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 ","pages":"373-408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11995410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Factors Influence Patient Measures of Safety Among Adults?","authors":"Yujeong Kim, Eunhee Nam","doi":"10.2147/RMHP.S497337","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RMHP.S497337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to examine the level of patient measures of safety and identify the influencing factors of patient measures of safety among Korean.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional study. From February 7 to February 12, 2024, data were collected through a structured on-line questionnaire consisting of items about general characteristics, patient safety knowledge, nurse-patient interaction, experience of patient participation, willingness to participate in patient safety, and patient measures of safety involving 330 adults. Since there were no incomplete responses, data from all 330 participants were included in the final analysis. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, <i>t</i>-test, chi-square test, analysis of variance, post-hoc test, correlational analysis, and regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patient measures of safety showed significant positive correlations with patients' safety knowledge, nurse-patient interaction, patient experience in participating in safety activities, and patients' willingness to participate in safety activities. The employment status, nurse-patient interaction, patient experience in safety activities, and willingness to participate in safety activities were identified as significant factors affecting patient measures of safety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Enhancing nurse-patient interaction-a crucial determinant of patient safety measures-would require implementing effective communication programs. Additionally, it is significant to facilitate patient expression of safety concerns and establish a patient-centered safety monitoring and feedback system. This would actively promote patient participation in safety activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":56009,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 ","pages":"353-361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11812675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of an ICU Nurse Training Program on Oral Mucosal Pressure Injury Prevention and Management Using the ADDIE Model.","authors":"Tiantian Jia, Yunxia Lan, Jing Pang, Mengdan Ma, Zhe Ding, Yongting Wang, Enshe Jiang","doi":"10.2147/RMHP.S499606","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RMHP.S499606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To construct a training course program for ICU nurses to care for oral mucosal membrane pressure injury (MMPI) and evaluate its implementation effects based on the ADDIE model.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A research team was established to construct the training course program in January 2024. According to the ADDIE model, a training course was designed and developed after the literature research and Delphi expert inquiry. The training course program was implemented in 138 ICU nurses from a tertiary A hospital in China from April to May 2024. The ICU nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice in preventing medical device-related pressure injury in critically ill patients and the incidence of oral MMPI were compared before and after the training program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A particular training course program for the ICU nurses to care for oral MMPI was constructed in this study. It contained three aspects of particular training subjects (professional knowledge, practical skills and professional literacy) and included 16 specific training courses. One hundred and thirty-eight ICU nurses received the training course program in the hospital. The total score of MMPI knowledge-attitude-practice of the ICU nurses was (167.73±8.13) after the training, which was significantly improved compared with the score before the training (145.81±13.57) (t = 16.283, <i>P</i><0.001). The incidence of oral MMPI after the training (5.94%) was significantly lower than that before training (22.93) (<i>x</i> ²=12.034, <i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The training course program for ICU nurses to care for oral MMPI based on the ADDIE module can effectively improve ICU nurses' comprehensive ability to prevent oral MMPI and reduce the incidence of oral MMPI. It can be applied in clinical nursing education and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":56009,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 ","pages":"363-372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11812452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Radiation Protection Risks in Nuclear Medicine: Cause Investigation and WSR-Based Countermeasure Evaluation.","authors":"Peng Sun, Guanting Li, Yunhe Zhu","doi":"10.2147/RMHP.S508013","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RMHP.S508013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze and investigate the causes of radiation protection safety risks in nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment, formulate radiation protection safety management countermeasures, and evaluate their effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In October 2020, the Department of Nuclear Medicine at our hospital established a radiation protection safety management team, utilizing association rules to investigate and analyze the causes of radiation protection safety risks. A Wuli-Shili-Renli (WSR) system management approach was implemented, addressing physical (Wuli), procedural (Shili), and human factors (Renli) to improve technical safeguards, optimize processes, and enhance personnel awareness. A total of 1200 patients receiving diagnosis and treatment were divided into two groups. The control group (600 cases) used standard inspection-based radiation protection, while the observation group (600 cases) adopted WSR system management in addition to standard measures. Radiation protection risk control effectiveness and safety control capability scores were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportions of excessive diagnostic doses and additional radiation harm in the observation group were both lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the proportions of risk sources, including building environment, protective measures, dose monitoring, safety awareness, and waste disposal, in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The observation group's scores in radiation protection theory, practical risk management skills, and radiation protection safety literacy, as well as the total score, were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The WSR system management approach effectively reduces radiation protection safety risks, improves the diagnostic and therapeutic environment, minimizes radiation exposure to patients and staff, and enhances safety risk management levels in nuclear medicine departments.</p>","PeriodicalId":56009,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 ","pages":"329-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143384096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoporosis Awareness, Self-Efficacy and Health Beliefs Among Staff in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Yun Zhou, Zheyun Xu, Zhifen Zhang, Jun Su","doi":"10.2147/RMHP.S491319","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RMHP.S491319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We investigated the key factors that influence the awareness, health beliefs, and self-efficacy of osteoporosis among the staff of an obstetrics and gynecology hospital to identify the key target population for carrying out education and promotion in medical institutions, hoping to improve women's awareness and prevention and treatment consciousness of osteoporosis from the source.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 15 to October 24 in 2023, and 200 staff members were randomly sampled from an obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Hangzhou city for a questionnaire survey. We used a quantile regression model to analyze the key factors influencing the scores of each item.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study results showed that undergraduate degree or above, working as a doctor, work experience of <5 years or 10-20 years and high professional technical title are related to a higher level of osteoporosis knowledge. Male gender was associated with higher exercise efficacy and calcium barriers scores. Older age and long years of working experience were associated with higher susceptibility score. Lower education level was associated with higher calcium barriers score. Doctor occupation was associated with lower seriousness score, higher exercise benefits score, higher calcium benefits scores and higher health motivation score. Professional and technical title was also related to exercise and calcium benefits score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When carrying out education and promotion work on osteoporosis prevention and treatment targeting the group of healthcare workers, different content and emphases should be considered, and different groups should be selected for more targeted publicity and popularization.</p>","PeriodicalId":56009,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 ","pages":"339-351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143384102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication Administration Through Feeding Tubes in a Tertiary Hospital: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Yuanchao Zhu, Bolin Zhu, Pengfei Jin","doi":"10.2147/RMHP.S500557","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RMHP.S500557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and types of errors associated with oral medication administration via feeding tubes (FTs) in a tertiary hospital in Beijing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted at Beijing Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. All inpatients aged of 18 and above who received at least one oral medication via FTs were included. Medical records were meticulously collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7,243 patients were identified as part of the tube feeding group, representing a prevalence rate of 6.26% among hospitalized patients receiving oral medication. Compared to the general hospitalized population, patients in the tube feeding group exhibited a higher proportion of male patients (59.74% vs 48.91%), older age [(68.00±14.99) vs (59.75±16.38)], lower weight [(65.75±13.32) vs (67.82±12.72)], increased rates of being bedridden (18.06% vs 5.38%), longer hospital stay [(21.56±28.12) vs (8.88±10.38)], and a greater number of prescribed medication types [(51.21±19.37) vs (23.35±15.04)]. On average, patients in the tube feeding group were administered 8.92±6.78 types of oral medications. A significant percentage of patients in the tube feeding group experienced inappropriate medication administration, reaching 65.43%. Among these cases, the rate of inappropriate medication administration for patients receiving nasogastric tube and nasojejunal tube were 64.06% (4186/6535) and 78.11% (553/708), respectively. In total, there were 10,164 instances of inappropriate medication administration, averaging 1.40 times per patient in the tube feeding group. Inappropriate medications included enteric-coated drugs, modified-released, soft capsules, and other non-crushable drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results Our findings highlight a significant issue of inappropriate medication administration via FTs. Ensuring the accurate administration of orally prescribed medications to patients with FTs is a complex task that requires immediate attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":56009,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 ","pages":"319-328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11796436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Severity of the COVID-19 Among Chronic Disease Patients in the Selected Hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - A Retrospective Study [Letter].","authors":"Ahmed M Al-Wathinani, Krzysztof Goniewicz","doi":"10.2147/RMHP.S514795","DOIUrl":"10.2147/RMHP.S514795","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56009,"journal":{"name":"Risk Management and Healthcare Policy","volume":"18 ","pages":"307-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}