Impact Assessment of an Educational Intervention Toward Rational Antibiotic Use Among Community Pharmacists in Nepal.

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q2 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2025-04-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.2147/RMHP.S493340

Sajala Kafle, Nisha Jha, Pathiyil Ravi Shankar, Shital Bhandary, Subish Palaian

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Educating community pharmacists (CPs) is an important step in promoting rational use of antibiotics. In this study, authors assessed the impact of an educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) related to rational antibiotic use among selected CPs in Kathmandu valley, Nepal and also obtained qualitative feedback.

Methods: An educational intervention was conducted among 162 CPs. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its causes, strategies to contain resistance and the role of community pharmacists in reducing AMR were discussed followed by problem solving exercises. Their KAP were assessed before (baseline), posttest (immediately after the intervention), and retention (2 weeks after the intervention) using a pre-validated tool. The quantitative data were analyzed using appropriate tests (p < 0.05). Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted after the follow-up, among six CPs to obtain their perspectives on the intervention and their role in combating AMR.

Results: The majority (n = 118; 72.84%) had a "Diploma in Pharmacy" qualification. The median (IQR) knowledge scores were 9 (1), 9 (2), and 10 (0) during the pretest, post-test, and retention, respectively (maximum score 10), p < 0.001. The attitude score improved from 25 (5.25) pretest to 27 (5.25) posttest (maximum score 35), p < 0.001. The intervention also increased practice scores [25 (6)] pretest to [27 (6)] posttest, (maximum score 30) p < 0.001. Sixty-one CPs (37.6%) mentioned that patients had no time and budget to visit physicians, and 42 (25.92%) mentioned that CPs were competent to treat common infections. Total KAP scores improved significantly among different subgroups of respondents after the intervention. This was retained during follow-up. Participants perceived the intervention program to be useful. Heavy competition, the presence of many community pharmacies, and pharmacy shopping by patients were mentioned as challenges by CPs.

Conclusion: A positive outcome on the KAP scores and positive feedback suggests the potential benefits of a future larger-scale educational intervention.

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尼泊尔社区药师合理使用抗生素教育干预效果评估

前言：教育社区药师是促进抗菌药物合理使用的重要环节。在这项研究中，作者评估了教育干预对尼泊尔加德满都山谷选定的CPs合理使用抗生素的知识、态度和实践（KAP）的影响，并获得了定性反馈。方法：对162名cp进行教育干预。讨论了抗菌素耐药性及其原因、控制耐药性的策略以及社区药师在减少抗菌素耐药性中的作用，并进行了问题解决练习。使用预先验证的工具评估他们的KAP（基线），测试后（干预后立即）和保留（干预后2周）。定量资料采用适当检验进行分析（p < 0.05）。在随访结束后，对六名cp进行了半结构化的定性访谈，以了解他们对干预措施及其在对抗抗生素耐药性方面的作用的看法。结果：多数(n = 118；72.84%)持有“药剂学文凭”资格。在前测、后测和保留期间，知识得分中位数（IQR）分别为9(1)、9(2)和10(0)，最高得分为10，p < 0.001。态度得分由测前的25分（5.25分）提高到测后的27分（5.25分）（最高35分），p < 0.001。干预还使测试前练习得分[25(6)]提高到测试后[27(6)],（最高得分30）p < 0.001。61名CPs（37.6%）提到患者没有时间和预算去看医生，42名CPs（25.92%）提到他们有能力治疗常见感染。干预后，不同亚组受访者的KAP总分显著提高。这在随访期间得到保留。参与者认为干预方案是有用的。竞争激烈、社区药店众多、患者购买药店是CPs面临的挑战。结论：KAP分数的积极结果和积极反馈表明未来更大规模教育干预的潜在益处。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

2.90%

发文量

242

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： Risk Management and Healthcare Policy is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on all aspects of public health, policy and preventative measures to promote good health and improve morbidity and mortality in the population. Specific topics covered in the journal include: Public and community health Policy and law Preventative and predictive healthcare Risk and hazard management Epidemiology, detection and screening Lifestyle and diet modification Vaccination and disease transmission/modification programs Health and safety and occupational health Healthcare services provision Health literacy and education Advertising and promotion of health issues Health economic evaluations and resource management Risk Management and Healthcare Policy focuses on human interventional and observational research. The journal welcomes submitted papers covering original research, clinical and epidemiological studies, reviews and evaluations, guidelines, expert opinion and commentary, and extended reports. Case reports will only be considered if they make a valuable and original contribution to the literature. The journal does not accept study protocols, animal-based or cell line-based studies.