Fire Technology最新文献_第3页

Experimental Study on the Influence of External Heat Flux and Air Pressure on the Combustion Characteristics of Solar Panels 外部热通量和空气压力对太阳能电池板燃烧特性影响的实验研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01608-7

Hongmei Xu, Yuanzhou Li, Longhai Shu, Haiqin Yin

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Influence of External Heat Flux and Air Pressure on the Combustion Characteristics of Solar Panels","authors":"Hongmei Xu, Yuanzhou Li, Longhai Shu, Haiqin Yin","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01608-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01608-7","url":null,"abstract":"High altitude region has different characteristics from the normal pressure region due to its low air pressure and low oxygen content. The aim of this study is to investigate how solar panel’s ignition time, critical heat flux, combustion time, flame height, and mass loss vary as a function of external heat flux from 25 kW/m2 to 45 kW/m2 and air pressure from 60 to 100 kPa. It was found that external heat flux and air pressure negatively correlated with ignition and combustion time. Calculated from Delichatsios’s formula, the critical heat flux under different air pressures differs significantly from experimental data. Therefore, the parameters in Delichatsios’s formula are corrected based on experimental data. By relating critical heat flux, thermal response parameters, and air pressure, an overall formula for ignition time, radiation intensity, and air pressure can be derived. Mass loss rate and flame height are positively correlated with external heat flux and air pressure. Mass loss rate is expressed as a function of air pressure. Also, based on the relationship between mass loss rate and external heat flux and air pressure, a mathematical model between flame height, heat flux and air pressure is established.","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guldborgsund Arson House Fire Experiment and Numerical Investigation 古尔德堡松纵火房屋火灾实验和数值调查

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01584-y

Bjarne Paulsen Husted, Karlis Livkiss, Ana Sauca

{"title":"Guldborgsund Arson House Fire Experiment and Numerical Investigation","authors":"Bjarne Paulsen Husted, Karlis Livkiss, Ana Sauca","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01584-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01584-y","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the Guldborgsund arson house fire experiment performed in Denmark and the subsequent numerical investigation. Gas temperatures were measured with four thermocouple trees, and smoke detector activation times were recorded in all rooms. A two-step approach was used to perform the numerical modelling for reproduction of the fire scene. The measured temperatures in the room of fire origin were used as an input for back calculating the Heat Release Rate (HRR) with the two-zone model Argos. As a next step, this HRR was used in the Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) to predict the temperatures and the smoke detectors’ activation times in other rooms. The FDS model was partly build using output files from the laser scanning. A sensitivity analysis is presented, where the effect of nine input parameters was investigated, including HRR, the material properties, the height of the fuel bed, the fire area, level of geometrical detail of the first item ignited etc. This study showed that the measured soot deposition heights on the walls differed from the heights of measured sharp temperature gradients used to indicate the hot smoke layer. The numerical simulations resulted in less than 50% error for most of the temperature measurement points during the fuel-controlled stage of the fire and results were the most sensitive to the input HRR. Material properties in FDS had a significant influence on the computed upper-layer gas temperatures at late stages of the fire.","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coupled Effect of Multiple Environmental Conditions on Thermal Runaway Behavior of NMC and LFP Lithium-Ion Batteries: Storage Environment Optimization Based on Cooling Efficiency and Space Utilization Rate 多种环境条件对 NMC 和 LFP 锂离子电池热失控行为的耦合影响：基于冷却效率和空间利用率的存储环境优化

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01630-9

Zhiyu Zhou, Yan Ding, Chenqing Li, Shuyuan Jia, Jianlong Wan, Yongjia Wu, Qingsong Wang

{"title":"Coupled Effect of Multiple Environmental Conditions on Thermal Runaway Behavior of NMC and LFP Lithium-Ion Batteries: Storage Environment Optimization Based on Cooling Efficiency and Space Utilization Rate","authors":"Zhiyu Zhou, Yan Ding, Chenqing Li, Shuyuan Jia, Jianlong Wan, Yongjia Wu, Qingsong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01630-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01630-9","url":null,"abstract":"This work details a methodology that enables the characterization of thermal runaway behavior of lithium-ion batteries under different environmental conditions and the optimization of battery storage environment. Two types of widely-used lithium-ion batteries (NMC and LFP) were selected in this work. The coupled chemical and physical processes involved in the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries were simulated using a Multiphysics numerical solver. The developed model was verified against the data collected from the copper slug battery calorimetry (CSBC) experiment. Both the simulated and experimental results showed that the NMC battery with the state of charge (SOC) of 100% had the largest amount of heat generation compared to other cases. Additional simulations were conducted on this case to further quantify the combined effect of environmental factors (heating distance-d, ambient temperature-Tamb, and wind speed-v) on the thermal runaway behavior. The synergistic effect between v and d on mitigating thermal runway was found to be more significant than that between v and Tamb based on the calculated interaction coefficients. Furthermore, the settings of battery storage environment was optimized based on the defined space utilization rate α and cooling efficiency β. It was observed that at the same heating distance d, β reduced significantly with increasing wind speed. The scenario with d = 2 mm and v = 0.2 m s−1 had the highest total efficiency and thus was considered to be the optimal design. The findings of this work enable a safer design of battery thermal runaway mitigation/prevention system under different storage environmental situations.","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fire Response Analysis of Prefabricated Combined Reinforced Concrete Beams Based on Finite Element Model Correction 基于有限元模型修正的预制组合钢筋混凝土梁火灾响应分析

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01621-w

Caiwei Liu, Shuqi Sun, Xuhong Huang, Jijun Miao, Xindi Zhang

{"title":"Fire Response Analysis of Prefabricated Combined Reinforced Concrete Beams Based on Finite Element Model Correction","authors":"Caiwei Liu, Shuqi Sun, Xuhong Huang, Jijun Miao, Xindi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01621-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01621-w","url":null,"abstract":"To obtain an accurate finite element model (FEM) for response analysis of prefabricated combined reinforced concrete beam (PCRCB) under fire exposure, a stepwise FEM correction method is proposed based on the improved response surface method. Four T-shaped PCRCBs were designed and cast to verify the accuracy and practicality of the proposed method. Firstly, based on the static and dynamic tests before fire exposure, the FEM was corrected using the proposed correction strategy. The proposed method is initially validated by comparing the modal responses. Subsequently, a fire test was carried out. The test phenomena, temperature field, mid-span deflection and dynamic response under fire were analyzed. Finally, considering the development of crack, the static and dynamic responses under fire exposure were further simulated based on the modified FEM. The results indicate that the established FEM can accurately simulate the structural response. The spanwise deflection and fundamental frequency exhibited nonlinear variations with fire exposure time, which were strongly influenced by the load ratio. The proposed model correction method establishes the basis for the detail response analysis of PCRCB during fire exposure.","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on the Behavior on Axial Tensile Welded Hollow Spherical Joints Exposed to Elevated Temperature 暴露于高温下的轴向拉伸焊接空心球形接头的行为研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01618-5

Xiaobin Qiu, Bingsheng Huang, Zhen Zhang, Haoyu Song, Yusheng Qin

{"title":"Research on the Behavior on Axial Tensile Welded Hollow Spherical Joints Exposed to Elevated Temperature","authors":"Xiaobin Qiu, Bingsheng Huang, Zhen Zhang, Haoyu Song, Yusheng Qin","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01618-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01618-5","url":null,"abstract":"Welded hollow spherical joints (WHSJs) are commonly used joints in grid structures, and their mechanical behavior under fire will directly affect the service life and safety behavior of grid structures. Therefore, the WHSJs were heated to the specified high temperature, and the tensile experiments were performed on non-stiffened WHSJs exposed to elevated temperatures. The failure modes, axial load–displacement curves, and mechanical behavior of the non-stiffened WHSJs exposed to elevated temperature were obtained. The experiment indicates that the failure mode of the axial tensile non-stiffened WHSJs is a pull-out failure. With the increase of heating temperature, the mechanical behavior of non-stiffened WHSJs gradually declines. The ductility of the non-stiffened WHSJs gradually increases with the heating temperature. Compared with the existing studies, the load-bearing capacity reduction trend of WHSJ exposed to elevated temperature is basically similar, and the stiffener has basically no function to improve the behavior of tensile WHSJs exposed to elevated temperature. The reliability of the numerical simulation was proved by comparison with experiments. According to the finite element analysis, the design method for the mechanical behavior of the non-stiffened WHSJs subjected to axial tension exposed to elevated temperature was proposed.","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Dimension and Boundary Analysis of Upward Flame Spread Over U-Shaped Facade in Energy-Saving Building Fires 节能建筑火灾中 U 型外墙火焰向上蔓延的实验尺寸和边界分析

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01612-x

Yanqiu Chen, Yifan Nie, Jiwei Zhang, Yi Zhao, Yuchun Zhang

{"title":"Experimental Dimension and Boundary Analysis of Upward Flame Spread Over U-Shaped Facade in Energy-Saving Building Fires","authors":"Yanqiu Chen, Yifan Nie, Jiwei Zhang, Yi Zhao, Yuchun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01612-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01612-x","url":null,"abstract":"Insulation layer is usually used in building facade for energy-saving design, and it also endangers the human safety in buildings due to its combustibility. U-shaped facade is a commonly used structure form in high-rise buildings for energy-saving design since it could improve both the light and ventilation conditions indoors. Through a series of experiments, this paper investigated the flame spread over insulation in u-shaped building facade fires under effect of structural dimensions (back wall length W, side wall length L, height H) and boundary conditions based on the flame spread rate, temperature and heat flow. It was found that the flame spread rate Vf, the temperature rise ΔT and the heat flow q over u-shaped facade were all positively correlated with the side wall length L and structural height H, while they were negatively correlated with the back wall length W. On the other hand, the lateral air entrainment restriction and flame interaction were both significantly increased the temperature and heat flow, strengthened the thermal feedback, accelerated the flame spread. However, the bottom air entrainment restriction slowed down the flame spread. Further, a modified structure factor was introduced to comprehensively analyze the influence of L, W and H on flame spread behavior over u-shaped structures, and the theoretical equations of Vf*, ΔT*max and q′*max were established. This study provides theoretical basis and technical guidance for the fire prevention design of building facade covered with insulation.","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Study on Foam Spreading on Fuel Layers with Different Thicknesses 不同厚度燃料层上的泡沫扩展实验研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01610-z

Fengyuan Tian, Jun Fang, Hassan Raza Shah, Xuqing Lang, Zhijian Tian, Fei Tang

{"title":"Experimental Study on Foam Spreading on Fuel Layers with Different Thicknesses","authors":"Fengyuan Tian, Jun Fang, Hassan Raza Shah, Xuqing Lang, Zhijian Tian, Fei Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01610-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01610-z","url":null,"abstract":"Fire-fighting foam has been widely used as a kind of efficient clean liquid fire extinguishing agent. The spreading of foam is an important index to evaluate the fire suppression performance of foam, which determines whether the foam can quickly cover the whole pool surface in the fire extinguishment process, effectively inhibit evaporation and isolate oxygen. In this work, the foam spreading experiments on the surface of fuel layer with different thicknesses (3–15 mm) were carried out. The results indicate that the decrease of the thickness of the fuel layer could slow down the foam spreading. There is a saturation thickness, beyond which the fuel layer thickness no longer affects foam spreading, because the flow in the fuel layer is transformed from Couette flow to boundary layer flow. Meanwhile, both the increase in the foam flow rate and decrease in the expansion ratio reduce the effect of fuel layer thickness on foam spreading. And at a foam flow rate of 14 L/min or expansion ratio of 5.5, the foam spreading is scarcely affected by the thickness of the fuel. Furthermore, it was found that the foam with smaller expansion ratio spreads faster than that of the lager expansion ratio due to larger pressure gradient at the same foam thickness. The work presented here enhances the understanding of the spread of foam over fuel.","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Smoke Flow Deflection Angles in Immersed Tunnel Fires with Multi-Point Concentrated Smoke Exhaust Mode: Representation Model and Influencing Mechanisms 多点集中排烟模式下沉没式隧道火灾的烟流偏转角度：表征模型与影响机制

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01620-x

Daiqiang Zhu, Pai Xu, Yixian Liu, Rongjun Xing, Linjie Li

{"title":"The Smoke Flow Deflection Angles in Immersed Tunnel Fires with Multi-Point Concentrated Smoke Exhaust Mode: Representation Model and Influencing Mechanisms","authors":"Daiqiang Zhu, Pai Xu, Yixian Liu, Rongjun Xing, Linjie Li","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01620-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01620-x","url":null,"abstract":"The smoke flows from the tunnel to the exhaust vent, and then to the exhaust duct under the multi-point concentrated smoke exhaust mode of immersed tunnel fires. This will cause resistance and energy loss by forming smoke flow deflection angles, which is the angle between the direction of smoke flow velocity and the longitudinal direction. In this study, the correlations between the smoke flow deflection angles and mechanical characteristics are revealed. Specifically, the smoke exhaust processes are divided into \"from the tunnel to the exhaust vent\" and \"from the exhaust vent to the exhaust duct\". Based on the dimensionless analysis, the presentation model with influencing factors of smoke flow deflection angles is established. Through numerical simulation, the influencing mechanisms of longitudinal ventilation velocity, exhaust volume flow rate, and distance of multi-point exhaust vents on the smoke flow are analyzed in a three-lane immersed tunnel under 50 MW. The quantitative relationships between the smoke flow deflection angle and factors are obtained. The correlations between the smoke flow deflection angles and component forces are established. The results show that smoke flow deflection angles are affected by the transverse and longitudinal forces. Additionally, the influence of longitudinal ventilation velocity and exhaust volume flow rate is related to the distance of the exhaust vent group from the fire source. Furthermore, the increase in the smoke flow deflection angle is not determined by the distance of the exhaust vent group from the fire source, but rather by the distance of the multi-point exhaust vents.","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of the Interactions Between a Water Spray and a Moving Layer of Hot Smoke 水喷雾与移动热烟雾层之间的相互作用研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01624-7

Louis Hardy, Anthony Collin, Mathieu Suzanne, Giacomo Erez, Rabah Mehaddi, Pascal Boulet

{"title":"Study of the Interactions Between a Water Spray and a Moving Layer of Hot Smoke","authors":"Louis Hardy, Anthony Collin, Mathieu Suzanne, Giacomo Erez, Rabah Mehaddi, Pascal Boulet","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01624-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01624-7","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the effects on a smoke layer of water sprays injected downward, upward or according to an inclined counter-flow configuration. The impact is analyzed considering stratification, mixing and cooling effects upstream (fire side) and downstream (opening side) the position of the spray. The experiments were conducted in a 1/5th scale model reproducing a room connected to a corridor. The injection of the poly-dispersed spray was carried out in the corridor where a layer of smoke was flowing in the upper part. Thanks to the experimental configuration, there is no direct impact of the spray on the fire source and the production of smoke, but only on the hot flow of smoke. The effect of the spray was evaluated for the different directions of injection and two water feeding pressures. The measurements have shown that effective cooling of the upper layer is observed downstream of the spray. The efficiency of the cooling is dependent on the injection angle. A more or less significant heating of the lower layer is measured upstream for all the injection angles. The injection angle has an influence on the smoke mixing and cooling, an upward spray injection—either vertical or inclined—being more impactful. The strongest interaction is observed for an inclined counter-flow injection, similar to the configuration of firefighters cooling a smoke layer while moving forward in a corridor toward a fire source. Moreover, two water injection pressures were investigated: 4 and 8 bars. Increasing this pressure reduces the droplet diameter and increases the water flow rate. In the present experimental configuration, modifying the water injection pressure showed an effect, yet limited because the droplet size distribution was not strongly impacted. All experimental data are available in an open-access database for further uses.","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization and Evaluation of Fire Response Performance in Shanghai Based on Fire Department Statistics 基于消防局统计数据的上海消防响应绩效特征与评估

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01604-x

Qize He, Pengfei Ding, Yun Yang

{"title":"Characterization and Evaluation of Fire Response Performance in Shanghai Based on Fire Department Statistics","authors":"Qize He, Pengfei Ding, Yun Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01604-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01604-x","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of the emergency response plays a crucial role in both fire suppression and personnel rescue operations, where the travel time and speed are determined. However, there is limited research on the factors that influence travel time and speed, especially in the quantitative influences of time, space, and incident classification factors. In this work, the distribution of all incidents in Shanghai, 2022 are presented. The correlation of temporal factors such as time, date, and month, spatial factors such as distance to the city center, economic scale, population, and incident classification is studied and discussed. The results reveal that as the urgency of incidents increases, the travel time and speed tend to decrease and increase respectively. In the early morning, despite favorable traffic conditions, actual travel time significantly increases due to firefighter fatigue, resulting in a notable decrease in travel speed. During the lockdown period in March, April, and May for Covid-19 pandemic, there is a significant decrease in travel time and an increase in travel speed. Regarding spatial factors, there is a distinct regional distribution of actual travel time strongly correlated with area size, distance to the city center, and average travel distance. Notably, the relative speed difference between firefighting vehicles and regular vehicles increases as the incident type changes from fire to emergency rescues and social assistance. This speed difference is primarily influenced by the economic and population scale of the coverage area. As the severity level increases from Level 0 (lowest) to Level 5 (highest), travel time significantly decreases, while travel speed and relative speed difference markedly increase. The work will contribute to the theoretical foundation for fire station planning.","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0