Fire Technology最新文献_第3页

Combustion Performance of Thermally Aged Asphalt Blended with ATH/ZB Flame Retardant 掺有 ATH/ZB 阻燃剂的热陈化沥青的燃烧性能

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01639-0

Dan Zhao, Kai Zhu, Zhirong Liang, Qiang Wang, Hongda Lin, Xuewei Qin, Haojia Jiang, Dong Ye, Ke Wu

{"title":"Combustion Performance of Thermally Aged Asphalt Blended with ATH/ZB Flame Retardant","authors":"Dan Zhao, Kai Zhu, Zhirong Liang, Qiang Wang, Hongda Lin, Xuewei Qin, Haojia Jiang, Dong Ye, Ke Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01639-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01639-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Asphalt blended with flame retardant undergoes thermal aging during utilization, which significantly impacts its physical and chemical characteristics concurrently. This study focuses on analyzing the effectiveness of aluminum hydroxide/zinc borate (ATH/ZB) flame retardant on varying the combustion performance of asphalt, particularly after undergoing thermal aging (85 min and 270 min aging simulations were performed, corresponding to short-term and long-term thermal aging, respectively). The results showed that ATH/ZB flame-retardant can increase the softening point of asphalt before and after aging. ATH/ZB flame-retardant asphalt (FRA) after aging had fewer carbonyl and sulfoxide groups than base asphalt (BA), demonstrating the superior anti-oxidation capability of FRA. ATH/ZB delays the peak heat release rate (PHRR) commencement by over 200 s, decreases the PHRR intensity by more than 170 kW/m<sup>2</sup>, and decreases the asphalt’s combustion activation energy, which was owing to the fact that the sacrifice of the thermolabile flame retardant protects the asphalt from being aggressively combusted. Whereas, thermal aging enhances the PHRR intensity of FRA by 83 kW/m<sup>2</sup>, which is owing to the reduction of ATH/ZB content in FRA after aging. Aging deteriorates the flame retardant’s capability on anti-combustion.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"771 - 794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Fire Company Staffing to Investigate its Effect on Effective Response Force Times to Structure Fires Using Local Incident Data 利用当地事故数据建立消防队人员配备模型，研究其对结构火灾有效响应时间的影响

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01642-5

Evgeniy P. Ivanov

{"title":"Modeling Fire Company Staffing to Investigate its Effect on Effective Response Force Times to Structure Fires Using Local Incident Data","authors":"Evgeniy P. Ivanov","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01642-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01642-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fighting structure fires necessitates the deployment of an effective response force (ERF) capable of ensuring both effective firefighting and the safety of firefighters. The article aims to investigate the effect of company staffing on ERF response times and to compare these findings with data from the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST) Report on residential fireground field experiments. The investigation revolves around modeling the crew size of fire engines and ladder trucks through a 4-step approach. Given the challenges of obtaining publicly available apparatus response data at the national level needed for any ERF time calculations, the approach taken is based on utilizing local incident and apparatus response data from a single fire department. Three datasets are developed, corresponding to 3-person, 4-person, and 5-person crews. Comparison among these datasets hinges on calculating the 90th percentile of ERF assembly times and total response times, as well as assessing the percentage of times the target response times are met. The results show improvements in response times across all up-staffing scenarios, underscoring the direct positive effect of crew size up-staffing on ERF response times. Specifically, when transitioning from 3-person to 4-person crews, the biggest improvements occur in moderate and high-risk structure fire incidents, with moderate-risk fires seeing a reduction of over 2 full minutes in all response time segments. Elevating crew sizes from 4-person to 5-person teams yields the most significant gains in special risk structure fires, resulting in a remarkable 10-min improvement in both ERF assembly time and total response time. In conclusion, this study provides recommendations for optimizing incident data quality and considerations to take into account when making decisions for crew upstaffing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"857 - 873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal Analysis of Composite Slabs Based on Experiment and Numerical Simulations 基于实验和数值模拟的复合板热分析

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01629-2

Hoai Duc Trinh, Mamoru Kohno

引用次数: 0

Experimental Investigation on the Variation in Solid Fuel Fire Whirl Properties with Imposed and Fuel Rotation 固体燃料火焰漩涡特性随外力作用和燃料旋转而变化的实验研究

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01627-4

Pushpendra Kumar Vishwakarma, Kirti Bhushan Mishra, A. Aravind Kumar

{"title":"Experimental Investigation on the Variation in Solid Fuel Fire Whirl Properties with Imposed and Fuel Rotation","authors":"Pushpendra Kumar Vishwakarma, Kirti Bhushan Mishra, A. Aravind Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01627-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01627-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents a study on the formation of laboratory- scale fire whirls using forest fuels to replicate real-world fire whirls. A total of 48 experiments are conducted using three distinct types of forest fuels, namely Pinus Roxburghii, Shorea Robusta, and Grevillea Robusta, with three fuel pans of diameter 0.2 m, 0.3 m, and 0.4 m, respectively. Different characteristics such as Mass Burning Rate (MBR), Heat Release Rate (HRR), flame height, flame temperature, radiative heat flux and fire effluents are measured for a range of HRRs 40-346 kW and correlations are developed in terms of circulation and diameter. In comparison to free burning, the HRR was found to be increased by 300% with imposed rotation which was further increased up to 65% with fuel rotation. The flame heights are also increased by 30% in the case of imposed rotation and 40% with both imposed and fuel rotation. A detailed measurement of fire effluents revealed that their concentrations for fire whirls were reduced in the range of 50% to 400% compared to free burning fires. Furthermore, the developed correlations were applied to fire whirls of HRRs (up to ∼ 1900 kW) and their validity in predicting the characteristics was ensured.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"563 - 602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01627-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Image Restoration Method for Improving Matching Robustness of Indoor Smoke Scene 提高室内烟雾场景匹配鲁棒性的图像修复方法

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01623-8

Bowen Liang, Yourui Tao, Yao Song, Xinze Li

{"title":"An Image Restoration Method for Improving Matching Robustness of Indoor Smoke Scene","authors":"Bowen Liang, Yourui Tao, Yao Song, Xinze Li","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01623-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01623-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Smoggy interference caused by indoor fires makes machine vision technology challenging to apply in the fire rescue field. Smoke and condensed water vapor aerosol from suppression activities limit visibility, making image matching difficult. To overcome this problem, an image restoration method for indoor smoke scenes is proposed. First, the dark channel prior algorithm for indoor smoke scenes is improved, and the atmospheric light estimation method is optimized by combining the density peak clustering algorithm and position constraint. A model update approach is also advanced to achieve real-time dehazing of image sequences. Afterward, the effect of photometric changes caused by the image restoration on matching is analyzed. The feature matching is performed using the pyramid Lucas–Kanade (LK) optical flow method, while the random sampling consistency algorithm is used to eliminate outliers. Finally, an indoor smoke dataset is created to evaluate the algorithm, and a comprehensive analysis of the algorithm's limitations is conducted to provide a thorough understanding of the algorithm's potential shortcomings. The evaluations confirm that the proposed method can effectively improve the robustness and accuracy of indoor smoke scene image matching. The percentage increase in robustness is close to 100%, and the accuracy has increased by 10%. Overall, this approach holds practical value for the fire rescue field, and it may encounter limitations in handling scenarios with dense smoke, dark smog, and dynamic flames. Further improvements and optimizations are required to address these challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"483 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01623-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surrogate Model-Driven Estimation of Adiabatic Surface Temperature of Fire Exposed Suspension Bridge Towers 代用模型驱动的火灾悬索桥塔绝热表面温度估算

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01628-3

Sara Mostofi, Ahmet Can Altunişik

{"title":"Surrogate Model-Driven Estimation of Adiabatic Surface Temperature of Fire Exposed Suspension Bridge Towers","authors":"Sara Mostofi, Ahmet Can Altunişik","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01628-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01628-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaluating adiabatic surface temperature (AST) as the thermal response of fire-exposed bridge elements is a complex and time-consuming task. Correspondingly, this study streamlined fire dynamic simulator (FDS) and machine learning (ML) in a surrogate model to predict the AST of suspension bridge tower. For this, various FDS simulations were conducted for suspension bridge tower exposed to different vehicular fire conditions incorporating factors such as vehicle type, exposure duration, and wind conditions to generate a diverse bridge fire dataset for training of ML algorithms. Eight ML models were evaluated using performance metrics, whereby the random forest model demonstrated exceptional consistency and reliability in a fivefold cross-validation, maintaining a high R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.99 across all tests and showing stable MAE and MSE metrics, confirming its superior performance and robustness in predictive accuracy. The proposed surrogate model offers a robust and efficient tool for enhancing the resilience of bridge fire evaluations by providing a time-efficient solution that adapts quickly to a range of fire conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"603 - 630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01628-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Study on the Efficiency of Hydrogel on Suppressing Thermal Runaway Propagation of Lithium-Ion Battery 水凝胶抑制锂离子电池热失控传播效率的实验研究

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01631-8

Chunyuan Liu, Guowei Zhang, Diping Yuan, Liming Jiang, Yafei Fan, Depeng Kong

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Efficiency of Hydrogel on Suppressing Thermal Runaway Propagation of Lithium-Ion Battery","authors":"Chunyuan Liu, Guowei Zhang, Diping Yuan, Liming Jiang, Yafei Fan, Depeng Kong","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01631-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01631-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To promptly and efficaciously extinguish fires involving lithium-ion batteries and address the issues of prolonged firefighting duration and substantial water usage within the domain of fire safety, this study explores the suppressive impact of hydrogel on the thermal runaway in high-capacity lithium-ion batteries utilized in electric vehicles. Firstly, the 135 Ah lithium-ion battery used in electric vehicles was used as the test object, which was subjected to thermal runaway through electric heating. On this basis, water and hydrogel fire extinguishing experiments were carried out. Secondly, the microstructure of the hydrogel after heat treatment was observed under environmental scanning electron microscope. The results show that hydrogel has better cooling and thermal runaway control effects than water. The cooling effect of 10 kg hydrogel can be twice that of 20 kg water. At the same time, the interval time of prolonged thermal runaway propagation of hydrogel is more than three times that of water with the same dose, which can bring longer safety time for rescue and escape. Furthermore, the superior cooling mechanism of hydrogel is attributed to its ability to adhere to heated surfaces, thereby enhancing the utilization of its internal water content for sustained cooling.</p>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Study on the Influence of External Heat Flux and Air Pressure on the Combustion Characteristics of Solar Panels 外部热通量和空气压力对太阳能电池板燃烧特性影响的实验研究

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01608-7

Hongmei Xu, Yuanzhou Li, Longhai Shu, Haiqin Yin

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Influence of External Heat Flux and Air Pressure on the Combustion Characteristics of Solar Panels","authors":"Hongmei Xu, Yuanzhou Li, Longhai Shu, Haiqin Yin","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01608-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01608-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High altitude region has different characteristics from the normal pressure region due to its low air pressure and low oxygen content. The aim of this study is to investigate how solar panel’s ignition time, critical heat flux, combustion time, flame height, and mass loss vary as a function of external heat flux from 25 kW/m<sup>2</sup> to 45 kW/m<sup>2</sup> and air pressure from 60 to 100 kPa. It was found that external heat flux and air pressure negatively correlated with ignition and combustion time. Calculated from Delichatsios’s formula, the critical heat flux under different air pressures differs significantly from experimental data. Therefore, the parameters in Delichatsios’s formula are corrected based on experimental data. By relating critical heat flux, thermal response parameters, and air pressure, an overall formula for ignition time, radiation intensity, and air pressure can be derived. Mass loss rate and flame height are positively correlated with external heat flux and air pressure. Mass loss rate is expressed as a function of air pressure. Also, based on the relationship between mass loss rate and external heat flux and air pressure, a mathematical model between flame height, heat flux and air pressure is established.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"155 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guldborgsund Arson House Fire Experiment and Numerical Investigation 古尔德堡松纵火房屋火灾实验和数值调查

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01584-y

Bjarne Paulsen Husted, Karlis Livkiss, Ana Sauca

{"title":"Guldborgsund Arson House Fire Experiment and Numerical Investigation","authors":"Bjarne Paulsen Husted, Karlis Livkiss, Ana Sauca","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01584-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01584-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes the Guldborgsund arson house fire experiment performed in Denmark and the subsequent numerical investigation. Gas temperatures were measured with four thermocouple trees, and smoke detector activation times were recorded in all rooms. A two-step approach was used to perform the numerical modelling for reproduction of the fire scene. The measured temperatures in the room of fire origin were used as an input for back calculating the Heat Release Rate (HRR) with the two-zone model Argos. As a next step, this HRR was used in the Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) to predict the temperatures and the smoke detectors’ activation times in other rooms. The FDS model was partly build using output files from the laser scanning. A sensitivity analysis is presented, where the effect of nine input parameters was investigated, including HRR, the material properties, the height of the fuel bed, the fire area, level of geometrical detail of the first item ignited etc. This study showed that the measured soot deposition heights on the walls differed from the heights of measured sharp temperature gradients used to indicate the hot smoke layer. The numerical simulations resulted in less than 50% error for most of the temperature measurement points during the fuel-controlled stage of the fire and results were the most sensitive to the input HRR. Material properties in FDS had a significant influence on the computed upper-layer gas temperatures at late stages of the fire.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"247 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01584-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coupled Effect of Multiple Environmental Conditions on Thermal Runaway Behavior of NMC and LFP Lithium-Ion Batteries: Storage Environment Optimization Based on Cooling Efficiency and Space Utilization Rate 多种环境条件对 NMC 和 LFP 锂离子电池热失控行为的耦合影响：基于冷却效率和空间利用率的存储环境优化

IF 3.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01630-9

Zhiyu Zhou, Yan Ding, Chenqing Li, Shuyuan Jia, Jianlong Wan, Yongjia Wu, Qingsong Wang

{"title":"Coupled Effect of Multiple Environmental Conditions on Thermal Runaway Behavior of NMC and LFP Lithium-Ion Batteries: Storage Environment Optimization Based on Cooling Efficiency and Space Utilization Rate","authors":"Zhiyu Zhou, Yan Ding, Chenqing Li, Shuyuan Jia, Jianlong Wan, Yongjia Wu, Qingsong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01630-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-024-01630-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work details a methodology that enables the characterization of thermal runaway behavior of lithium-ion batteries under different environmental conditions and the optimization of battery storage environment. Two types of widely-used lithium-ion batteries (NMC and LFP) were selected in this work. The coupled chemical and physical processes involved in the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries were simulated using a Multiphysics numerical solver. The developed model was verified against the data collected from the copper slug battery calorimetry (CSBC) experiment. Both the simulated and experimental results showed that the NMC battery with the state of charge (SOC) of 100% had the largest amount of heat generation compared to other cases. Additional simulations were conducted on this case to further quantify the combined effect of environmental factors (heating distance-<i>d</i>, ambient temperature-<i>T</i><sub><i>amb</i></sub>, and wind speed-<i>v</i>) on the thermal runaway behavior. The synergistic effect between <i>v</i> and <i>d</i> on mitigating thermal runway was found to be more significant than that between <i>v</i> and <i>T</i><sub><i>amb</i></sub> based on the calculated interaction coefficients. Furthermore, the settings of battery storage environment was optimized based on the defined space utilization rate <i>α</i> and cooling efficiency <i>β</i>. It was observed that at the same heating distance <i>d</i>, <i>β</i> reduced significantly with increasing wind speed. The scenario with <i>d</i> = 2 mm and <i>v</i> = 0.2 m s<sup>−1</sup> had the highest total efficiency and thus was considered to be the optimal design. The findings of this work enable a safer design of battery thermal runaway mitigation/prevention system under different storage environmental situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0