Fire Technology最新文献_第2页

Tourist Population Vulnerability Assessment in Cross-Border Wildfire-Prone Areas 跨境野火易发地区旅游人口脆弱性评价

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01750-w

Sandra Vaiciulyte, Arthur Rohaert, Enrico Ronchi

{"title":"Tourist Population Vulnerability Assessment in Cross-Border Wildfire-Prone Areas","authors":"Sandra Vaiciulyte, Arthur Rohaert, Enrico Ronchi","doi":"10.1007/s10694-025-01750-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-025-01750-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Frequent wildfires increasingly impact tourist populations, yet there is a shortage of evidence-based, human-centered tools for wildfire risk reduction tailored to these areas. Most current tools focus primarily on assessing and reducing physical vulnerabilities, overlooking human aspects. While some community wildfire management guidelines exist, actionable strategies for disaster managers to address tourist-specific vulnerabilities are absent. This study aligned with existing vulnerability assessment methodologies, utilizing qualitative interviews, site visits, and literature review to identify key characteristics of tourist vulnerabilities and develop effective mitigation strategies. As a result, we developed TOURSAFE—a freely accessible tool for disaster risk managers in tourist areas. Based on human behavior in fire scenarios, expected evacuation decisions, and key actors’ expertise, TOURSAFE assists in identifying tourism-related wildfire vulnerabilities and offers relevant, adaptable mitigation strategies. This tool is easy to use, accessible, and provides actionable advice for short-, medium-, and long-term planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 5","pages":"3687 - 3704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-025-01750-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Virtual Reality Exit Choice Experiment to Assess the Impact of Social Influence and Fire Wardens in a Metro Station Evacuation 地铁车站疏散中社会影响和消防管理员影响的虚拟现实出口选择实验

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01746-6

S. Lu, M. Rodriguez, Z. Feng, D. Paes, A. B. Daemei, R. Vancetti, S. Mander, T. Mandal, K. R. Rao, R. Lovreglio

{"title":"A Virtual Reality Exit Choice Experiment to Assess the Impact of Social Influence and Fire Wardens in a Metro Station Evacuation","authors":"S. Lu, M. Rodriguez, Z. Feng, D. Paes, A. B. Daemei, R. Vancetti, S. Mander, T. Mandal, K. R. Rao, R. Lovreglio","doi":"10.1007/s10694-025-01746-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-025-01746-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assessing evacuation time is a fundamental task in fire engineering. One of the key decisions made in evacuation dynamics is exit choice. In this work, we propose a new immersive virtual reality (VR) experiment to assess the effects of social influence and fire wardens’ instructions on the exit chosen. We also investigate if and how the perceived level of authority of the fire wardens (i.e., metro staff members or firefighters) can affect these decisions. The proposed immersive VR experiment includes 12 different scenarios during a fire evacuation in an underground metro station. A sample of 131 participants took part in the experiment, making 1048 choices. We estimate a discrete choice model to quantify if and how these factors affect the participants’ decisions. The results show that both instructions by fire wardens and social influence significantly affect exit choice and that the impact of fire wardens can change depending on their perceived level of authority.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 5","pages":"3591 - 3614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-025-01746-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

System Safety Approach for the Risk Assessment of Lithium-Ion Battery Fires in Underground Mines 地下矿山锂离子电池火灾风险评估的系统安全方法

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01745-7

Sultan Elcin Eroglu, H. Sebnem Duzgun

{"title":"System Safety Approach for the Risk Assessment of Lithium-Ion Battery Fires in Underground Mines","authors":"Sultan Elcin Eroglu, H. Sebnem Duzgun","doi":"10.1007/s10694-025-01745-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-025-01745-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is an urgent need for a clean energy transition due to the considerable problems posed by rising global energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions. Emissions from the extractive sector, especially mining, account for 2 to 3 percent of world emissions. As a result, environmentally friendly methods are being implemented, most notably the replacement of diesel-powered machinery in traditional underground mining operations with battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This change attempts to lower emissions but also adds new organizational, operational, and technical challenges, including the possibility of battery fires. There are currently no specific regulatory guidelines for the prevention and control of battery fires in deep mines, although they pose a greater risk than conventional diesel vehicle fires. To assess the risks related to BEV integration in underground mines, this study uses the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) framework’s tools, Causal Analysis based on Systems Theory (CAST) and System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA). This report finds key flaws in current control mechanisms. It suggests required adjustments to improve safety through a detailed investigation of previous accidents, such as the Turquoise Ridge Mine battery fire analysis. The research intends to detect potential risks, set safety constraints, propose further control actions, and uncover causal elements leading to unsafe conditions by applying STPA to underground mine systems, including battery-operated haulage systems. This method offers insightful advice on how to create a durable control structure that prevents battery fires, guaranteeing sustainable and safe underground mining operations within the framework of the green energy transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 5","pages":"3557 - 3589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and Numerical Analysis on the Thermo-Mechanical Stresses Triggering the Onset of Fire-Induced Concrete Spalling 火灾引发混凝土剥落的热-机械应力试验与数值分析

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01749-3

Souvik Saha, Mehdi Serati, Dipti Ranjan Sahoo, Cristian Maluk

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Analysis on the Thermo-Mechanical Stresses Triggering the Onset of Fire-Induced Concrete Spalling","authors":"Souvik Saha, Mehdi Serati, Dipti Ranjan Sahoo, Cristian Maluk","doi":"10.1007/s10694-025-01749-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-025-01749-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fire-induced spalling of concrete is a fundamental problem in the design of concrete structures when subjected to fire loading. Among several factors known to influence the occurrence of spalling, there is general consensus that the internal rate of heating is a governing factor. This article describes an experimental and numerical analysis to study the spalling behaviour of high-strength concrete under heating conditions replicating the heating of concrete during a temperature–time Standard and Hydrocarbon curve. Six prismatic concrete samples embedded with thermocouples were cast and heated using an H-TRIS (Heat-Transfer Rate Inducing System) experimental test setup controlling incident heat-flux at the heated surface of each sample tested. In-depth temperature distribution was measured and used for comparing the heating conditions triggering the onset of concrete spalling during fire testing. To complement the experimental work, a numerical model was developed to perform the thermo-mechanical analysis at the moment of spalling. Stress distribution along the thickness of specimens was compared for the two heating conditions. An additional numerical study conducted shows the influence of sustained external loads (uniaxial or biaxial) during heating of concrete.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 5","pages":"3665 - 3686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-025-01749-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Study on Microemulsion and Deionized Water for 4S4P Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Fires 微乳液和去离子水用于4S4P锂离子电池组火灾的实验研究

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01748-4

Qing Wang, Kuo Wang, Jianqi Zhang, Minghui Li, Chongye Chang, Fangzhou Li, Yuhui Wang, Xinming Qian

{"title":"Experimental Study on Microemulsion and Deionized Water for 4S4P Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Fires","authors":"Qing Wang, Kuo Wang, Jianqi Zhang, Minghui Li, Chongye Chang, Fangzhou Li, Yuhui Wang, Xinming Qian","doi":"10.1007/s10694-025-01748-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-025-01748-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries has always been a safety hazard in the field of electric vehicle and energy storage systems. An effective and feasible method is urgently needed to prevent or mitigate the risks caused by battery thermal runaway. Water mist is an effective means to suppress the thermal runaway of lithium ion batteries. This work studies and compares the suppression of deionized water mist and microemulsion water mist on the thermal runaway fire of lithium ion batteries. By adjusting the different positions of the nozzle, the fire extinguishing and cooling capacity of two fire extinguishing agents were revealed and compared. The results indicate that the position of the nozzle has a significant impact on battery pack fires. Under the condition that the extinguishing agent can completely cover the battery, the microemulsion extinguishing agent can quickly cool and extinguish the fire. Its cooling capacity is about 2.5 times that of deionized water, and the extinguishing time is only 1/10 of that of deionized water. The low surface tension of the microemulsion allows the liquid to be released with small droplets under high pressure, forming a dense barrier to isolate external oxygen and better penetrate into the battery pack. The additives in the microemulsion can effectively combine with the free radicals in the fire to quickly extinguish the flame.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 5","pages":"3649 - 3664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Fire Barrier Height on Low-Temperature Hydrogen Jet Flame Behaviors 隔火高度对低温氢射流火焰行为的影响

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01742-w

Liang Gong, Zihang Yang, Chunxia Zhang, Haoyu Wang, Yifei Han, Yuchun Zhang

{"title":"Effect of Fire Barrier Height on Low-Temperature Hydrogen Jet Flame Behaviors","authors":"Liang Gong, Zihang Yang, Chunxia Zhang, Haoyu Wang, Yifei Han, Yuchun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10694-025-01742-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-025-01742-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low-temperature hydrogen storage could increase the density with less energy loss. However, fire and explosion could be easily induced during the utilization. The installation of a fire barrier is a common means of fire protection, but few studies are conducted on the effect of fire barrier height on the low-temperature hydrogen jet flames. Currently, effects of fire barrier height (0.30, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 m) on the low-temperature (140, 180, 220, 260 and 300 K) hydrogen jet flames are experimentally investigated. It is found that the behaviors of the low-temperature hydrogen jet flame on the fire barrier presents three types: Complete Ejection, Part Ejection and No Ejection. The flame height above the fire barrier centerline increases with increase of fire barrier height and decrease of release temperature. The prediction model for flame height is proposed. Two critical dimensionless height separating the complete, part and no ejection are suggested as well. The temperature on the fire barrier increases as the barrier height increases and the release temperature decreases. There is a linear relationship between the inverse maximum temperature and the scaled height. Additionally, the horizontal and vertical normalized temperature distribution both follow a generalized Gaussian distribution. The difference is that the vertical temperature distribution is asymmetric, with temperatures decaying more rapidly upwards than downwards. The results can provide a theoretical basis and data support for the design of the fire barrier and standardization of low-temperature hydrogen storage safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 5","pages":"3521 - 3533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic Analysis of Multi-Cell Lithium-Ion Battery Packs Exposed to Flashover Fire Conditions 暴露于闪络火灾条件下的多芯锂离子电池组的法医分析

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01751-9

Alexander J. Hoffmann, Michael T. Burr, Erik M. Swonder, Donald J. Hoffmann

{"title":"Forensic Analysis of Multi-Cell Lithium-Ion Battery Packs Exposed to Flashover Fire Conditions","authors":"Alexander J. Hoffmann, Michael T. Burr, Erik M. Swonder, Donald J. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1007/s10694-025-01751-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-025-01751-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium-ion batteries and battery packs found in the vicinity of a fire’s area of origin require evaluation to come to a reliable conclusion regarding the cause of the fire and what role, if any, batteries played in the ignition of the fire. With the proliferation of lithium-ion batteries found at fire scenes, the peer reviewed fire investigation methods put forth in NFPA 921 have occasionally been replaced by incomplete approaches that focus on the collection and analysis of lithium-ion battery packs found at fire scenes. Many fire investigators and engineers rely on the analysis of unique cell post-fire characteristics to establish the role a particular battery pack or cell may have had in a fire. To evaluate the efficacy of these analyses and further document the types of damage associated with fire damaged cylindrical cells, eighteen battery packs containing 18650 lithium-ion battery cells at various states of charge were exposed to a full scale, post-flashover room fire. Through documentation and characterization of the post-fire lithium-ion battery packs, many types of damage often alleged to indicate fire causation were observed in fire exposed cells including flat negative ends, ejected cell contents, localized damage to the windings, shifting of the cell contents, and rupturing of the cell can. The post-fire physical condition of the battery packs varies significantly depending on the state of charge of the battery pack and significant variation in the post-fire condition was observed in individual cells within the same battery pack. These findings highlight the necessity for a proper fire investigation, demonstrating that solely relying on post-fire comparative analysis of battery cells may incorrectly attribute characteristics associated with fire exposure as fire causal characteristics when an investigation is performed with incomplete or limited information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 5","pages":"3705 - 3718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Insulation Breakdown in Escalating Faults Induced by Extinguishing Arcs and Prevention Measures 绝缘击穿在灭火电弧引起的逐步升级故障中的作用及预防措施

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01741-x

Jinyoung Park, Gil-Su Kim, Byung-Jun Bae, Jiung Jang, Jean Hwan Kim, Jae-Youl Kim

{"title":"The Role of Insulation Breakdown in Escalating Faults Induced by Extinguishing Arcs and Prevention Measures","authors":"Jinyoung Park, Gil-Su Kim, Byung-Jun Bae, Jiung Jang, Jean Hwan Kim, Jae-Youl Kim","doi":"10.1007/s10694-025-01741-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-025-01741-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comprehensive analysis of a distinctive electrical fault scenario in which an arc generated during the interruption of a fault current by a circuit breaker leads to a short circuit between exposed busbars, resulting in a fire accident. Differing from previous studies that primarily focus on internal defects within distribution panels, this research investigates the interaction between external electrical shorts and internal panel components, specifically the circuit breaker and busbars. Through detailed fire site inspection, forensic analysis, and simulation experiments, the breakdown of air insulation due to the extinguishing arc was identified as the accident’s root cause. The study systematically analyzed the operational mechanisms of the circuit breaker under various fault conditions and derived the accident mechanism at the busbar short-circuit point. In addition, practical insulation reinforcement methods, such as the extension of barrier length and the application of insulation tubes, were proposed and validated through experiments. This paper elucidates the causal mechanisms between external faults and internal fires while proposing implementable strategies to enhance electrical system safety. Through the synthesis of forensic investigative techniques and experimental validation, the research presents a comprehensive approach to accident analysis and preventive intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 5","pages":"3501 - 3520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fire Vigilance Pocket: An Intelligent APP for Real-Time Fire Hazard Quantification Fire Vigilance Pocket：一款实时火灾危险量化的智能APP

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01738-6

Zilong Wang, Tianhang Zhang, Xinyan Huang

{"title":"Fire Vigilance Pocket: An Intelligent APP for Real-Time Fire Hazard Quantification","authors":"Zilong Wang, Tianhang Zhang, Xinyan Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10694-025-01738-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-025-01738-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Real-time fire hazard estimation is an essential step for smart firefighting practice. This paper introduces the Fire Vigilance Pocket Edition application (FV Pocket), which is designed to enable automatic fire identification and quantification using computer vision and deep learning techniques, for real-time fire surveillance. The application comprises four main functions, namely, fire detection, fire segmentation, fire measurement, and fire calorimetry. Fire detection is performed by YOLOv5, which localizes the fire source in the image and marks the location of the flame area. Subsequently, the detected fire area is input into the Swin-Unet model to separate the flame and background, enabling the real-time display of the fire area. Additionally, image-based fire measurement techniques are used to determine the flame height and the flame area according to the estimated reference scales, which also facilitates the rescaling of raw images. Finally, the rescaled images are fed into a pre-trained fire calorimetry model to identify the heat release rate of the fire. The models used in FV Pocket, their design, and main features are discussed, and the application is demonstrated using real fire events under various scenarios. The potential uses and limitations of FV Pocket are also addressed in this work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 5","pages":"3461 - 3480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-025-01738-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling a Damper-Optimized Demand Control Ventilation System During a Fire 火灾中阻尼优化的需求控制通风系统建模

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01736-8

Christoph Meraner, Jason Floyd, Dushyant M. Chaudhari, Tarek Beji, Janne Siren Fjærestad

{"title":"Modelling a Damper-Optimized Demand Control Ventilation System During a Fire","authors":"Christoph Meraner, Jason Floyd, Dushyant M. Chaudhari, Tarek Beji, Janne Siren Fjærestad","doi":"10.1007/s10694-025-01736-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-025-01736-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems have evolved from simple on-off, fan-driven systems to highly complex, energy-optimized systems involving sensors monitoring the building whose outputs result in dynamic changes to the HVAC system operation. In some buildings, the HVAC system is intended to aid in smoke and pressure control during the event of a fire. In such a case, the smoke, heat, and pressure from fire growth and spread interact with the HVAC system, while the control logic may react to the fire alarm and increase ventilation rates. A series of tests investigating the performance of modern damper-optimized demand control ventilation (DCV) systems during a fire and its effect on smoke and pressure control was recently performed. This paper examines the ability of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to model a DCV HVAC system undergoing a dynamic response change due to the presence of fire. Results show that the FDS HVAC model is capable of such simulations. However, there were challenges in the modelling process due to the limitations on the experimental data obtained from the real-world building management system software. A path forward for more complete simulations is identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 5","pages":"3421 - 3449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-025-01736-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0