Fire Technology最新文献_第10页

Experimental Investigations About the Fire Performance of Concrete with High Recycled Aggregate Content (IWCF RILEM 2025) 高再生骨料掺量混凝土防火性能试验研究（IWCF RILEM 2025）

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-026-01925-z

Asieh Jalaeeyan, Jochen Zehfuß

引用次数: 0

Investigation of sprinkler wetting patterns for fire protection of exposed timber 外露木材防火用洒水车润湿型式的研究

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-026-01931-1

Dale Kinnersley, T. Richard Hull, James L. D. Glockling, Stuart Campbell

{"title":"Investigation of sprinkler wetting patterns for fire protection of exposed timber","authors":"Dale Kinnersley, T. Richard Hull, James L. D. Glockling, Stuart Campbell","doi":"10.1007/s10694-026-01931-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-026-01931-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this experimental study, a range of sprinkler head types were tested to evaluate the wetting potential of exposed timber ceilings and walls in addition to providing water to the room’s contents. Water distribution tests were conducted using standard single sprinklers at high and low pressures with different mounting orientations. Water capture below the sprinklers allowed the assessment of actual delivered density against requirements. A specifically designed test rig was used to evaluate water delivery rates to walls, and ceiling wetting patterns were captured photographically and through measurement for later analysis. The aim of this study is to provide evidence and data to inform organisations/standards bodies of potential changes that can optimise sprinkler systems for the protection of mass timber buildings with exposed internal combustible timber surfaces. The results presented demonstrate that, through careful consideration of sprinkler head type and positioning, improved surface wetting of ceilings and walls can be achieved without compromising water delivery to the contents/fuel load. It is estimated that minor changes to system design can greatly improve system performance for mass timber construction at minimal cost. This work is presented with a view to support the adaption of current UK sprinkler standards to this new protection scenario.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"62 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-026-01931-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Benchmarking Fire Modeling Tools Against Full-Scale Mass-Timber Compartment Fire Tests 针对全尺寸大木材隔间火灾测试的基准火灾建模工具

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2026-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-026-01934-y

Mendy Laoda, Aqsa Noor, Ramla K. Qureshi, Solomon Tesfamariam

{"title":"Benchmarking Fire Modeling Tools Against Full-Scale Mass-Timber Compartment Fire Tests","authors":"Mendy Laoda, Aqsa Noor, Ramla K. Qureshi, Solomon Tesfamariam","doi":"10.1007/s10694-026-01934-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-026-01934-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mass timber construction has gained popularity due to its sustainability benefits. Mass timber compartments with exposed timber surfaces, however, can contribute as an additional fuel load and influence room fire dynamics, resulting in higher peak temperatures and prolonged burning durations. These behaviors are not fully addressed by prescriptive codes, which has prompted a growing reliance on performance-based fire engineering. Therefore, the fire engineering community requires reliable numerical and analytical methods to quantify both fire behavior and structural response. This study benchmarks six different modeling approaches; i.e., the Eurocode 1 (EC1) calculation, Brandon’s one-zone model, OZone, CFAST, B-RISK, and the recent Girompaire and Dagenais two-zone model, against five full-scale compartment fire tests conducted by National Research Council Canada and National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. Each method has distinct capabilities and limitations, and none captured the secondary flashover observed experimentally. Within this comparison, both Brandon’s Method and EC1 offer a simple calculation framework and provide dependable predictions for peak values; B-RISK demonstrated similar peak magnitude and timing to the experiments, and it is a ready to use software; Girompaire and Dagenais model shows good prediction, though it requires advance computational process and considerable expertise; while both OZone and CFAST did not consider the exposed timber as an additional fuel in the compartment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"62 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis and Design of Strength Interaction Diagrams for Concrete-Encased CFST Columns After Fire Exposure 混凝土包覆CFST柱火灾后强度相互作用图的分析与设计

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-026-01923-1

Guanhua Li, Jinlong Pan, Jingming Cai, Si-Wei Liu

{"title":"Analysis and Design of Strength Interaction Diagrams for Concrete-Encased CFST Columns After Fire Exposure","authors":"Guanhua Li, Jinlong Pan, Jingming Cai, Si-Wei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10694-026-01923-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-026-01923-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns generally exhibit excellent fire resistance and maintain substantial residual load-bearing capacity after fire exposure. Evaluating their structural safety under compression and bending commonly employs strength interaction diagrams, which serve as essential tools in cross-sectional analysis and design. However, the post-fire cross-sectional behavior and material nonlinearity are significantly altered by the historical temperature distribution after fire exposure, resulting in non-uniform material degradation and complicating the accurate construction of the interaction diagrams. To address this challenge, this study develops a fiber-based cross-sectional analysis method to generate 3D interaction diagrams for these columns after fire exposure. The method is evaluated against limited available experimental results and its predictions are further evaluated through comparisons with numerical studies reported in the literature. A comprehensive parametric study involving 162,000 cases is conducted to investigate the influence of key parameters, including fire exposure time, aspect ratio, concrete compressive strength, confinement factor, and concrete cover thickness. Based on the results, a simplified design method for 3D interaction diagrams of concrete-encased CFST columns after fire exposure is developed. Furthermore, the proposed method has been implemented in the novel structural analysis software, MSASect2, to facilitate practical application and improve the reproducibility of this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"62 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-026-01923-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Knowledge Graph-Driven Framework for Causal Pathway Inference and Forewarning of Urban Gas Fire and Explosion Accidents 城市燃气火灾爆炸事故因果路径推理与预警的知识图谱驱动框架

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-026-01922-2

Zhanjie Song, Mingyang Yao

{"title":"A Knowledge Graph-Driven Framework for Causal Pathway Inference and Forewarning of Urban Gas Fire and Explosion Accidents","authors":"Zhanjie Song, Mingyang Yao","doi":"10.1007/s10694-026-01922-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-026-01922-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid urbanization and the deterioration of urban gas infrastructure have increased the frequency and severity of fire and explosion hazards, with direct consequences for life safety and property loss. To support earlier risk identification and targeted safety management, this study proposes a knowledge graph-based framework for accident-pathway reconstruction and forewarning in urban gas fire and explosion scenarios. The framework integrates a BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model for entity recognition with an improved GPLinker model for causal relation extraction. Causal triples extracted from accident reports are used to construct a Gas Accident Knowledge Graph (GAKG), which supports accident-pathway reconstruction and vulnerability assessment through centrality-based network analysis. The proposed method achieves an F1-score of 83.44%, exceeding the performance of the baseline models. Retrospective validation on three representative gas accidents in China further shows that the GAKG can recover the main reported stages of accident evolution and correctly identify the final accident outcomes across different accident types. By converting unstructured accident narratives into structured causal pathways, the proposed framework provides an interpretable basis for accident investigation, precursor detection, and pathway-oriented forewarning in urban gas fire and explosion safety management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"62 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Coupled Thermal Runaway and Fire Dynamics Model for a 100 Ah Cylindrical Lithium-ion Battery Module 100 Ah圆柱形锂离子电池模块热失控与火灾动力学耦合模型

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-026-01924-0

Chen Huang, Henrik Wretman, Petra Andersson

{"title":"A Coupled Thermal Runaway and Fire Dynamics Model for a 100 Ah Cylindrical Lithium-ion Battery Module","authors":"Chen Huang, Henrik Wretman, Petra Andersson","doi":"10.1007/s10694-026-01924-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-026-01924-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a coupled model incorporating a thermal propagation model and a fire model to investigate the fire safety of a large lithium-ion battery (Li-ion) module. The thermal propagation model employs a three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM), while the fire model utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Literature data on material properties and thermal runaway characteristics of 18650 cells with Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) chemistry, including the onset temperature of rapid thermal runaway (TR), maximum cell temperature, vent gas composition, and volume, are used as input data. Simulation results highlight that thermal convection serves as the dominant heat transfer mechanism, contributing over 50 % of the total heat flux driving TR propagation. TR propagation initiates gradually but accelerates rapidly in a string-wise pattern. The gas temperature inside the module significantly influences TR process through convective heat transfer. The computed heat release exhibits linear correlation with experimental values, but underpredicts total heat release by approximately a factor of three. This discrepancy is likely due to the omission of combustion of solid particles as well as heat release from ancillary components (e.g., cables, insulation in the module). The calculated total heat release correlates linearly with the cumulative number of cells entering TR, confirming that accurate TR propagation modelling is critical for reliable prediction of overall energy release.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"62 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-026-01924-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Faulty Fire Evolution Reasoning and Control Optimization of EMU Traction System based on Coupling Degree and Dynamic Bayesian Network 基于耦合度和动态贝叶斯网络的动车组牵引系统故障火灾演化推理与控制优化研究

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-026-01920-4

Yuchen Zhang

{"title":"Research on Faulty Fire Evolution Reasoning and Control Optimization of EMU Traction System based on Coupling Degree and Dynamic Bayesian Network","authors":"Yuchen Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10694-026-01920-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-026-01920-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>EMU traction system containing lots of electrical equipment is an important danger source for faulty fire. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel fire evolution and emergency research methodology centered on the integrated coupling analysis of traction system faulty fire and emergency response. Firstly, 14 typical fire cases are investigated and counted and 74 scenario events are divided, the faulty fire evolution factors of EMU traction system are classified into two core genera, which corresponded to a total of 7 main genera and 13 genera, with a total of 19 specific factor items based on the grounded theory. On this basis, 10 typical scenario nodes are extracted and summarized, a system faulty fire evolution elements model with 4 units is built, and 3 coupling forms of elements are classified according to the different characteristics of coupling factors, with a total of 31 coupling groups, and their coupling strengths are quantified and ranked by using the N-K model. Additionally, based on the coupling relationship between the fire evolution element model and node factors, combined with the fire development state, a DBN structure of EMU traction system faulty fire evolution is constructed. Finally, according to the fire combustion theory, the network structure is divided into three stages for process reasoning, and the key factors of the EMU traction system faulty fire in the three evolution processes are obtained. From the perspective of fire emergency, it provides important guidance for the EMU traction system faulty fire control, and efficiently prevents and mitigates disasters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"62 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Investigation of Slope and Elevation Effects on Smoldering Peat Fires 坡高对阴燃泥炭火灾影响的数值研究

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-026-01921-3

Zhenzhen Wang, Lanpeng Feng, Wei Zhong, Tianshui Liang, Xiaolei Gao

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Slope and Elevation Effects on Smoldering Peat Fires","authors":"Zhenzhen Wang, Lanpeng Feng, Wei Zhong, Tianshui Liang, Xiaolei Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10694-026-01921-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-026-01921-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Smoldering peat fires are a persistent, low-visibility form of wildfire that contribute significantly to environmental degradation, including transboundary haze pollution and long-term carbon emissions. Understanding their propagation under varying landscape and climatic conditions is crucial for improving wildfire risk assessment and ecosystem resilience. This study investigates how terrain slope and elevation, two critical but underexplored environmental factors, affect the spread dynamics of peat smoldering. A two-dimensional numerical model was developed in COMSOL, incorporating a validated five-step reaction mechanism to simulate coupled chemical and physical processes. The model was benchmarked against experimental data and used to assess smoldering behavior under various slope angles (0°-30°) and elevations (0–5000 m). Results show that slope effects are direction-dependent: uphill smoldering is intensified by buoyancy-enhanced oxygen supply, increasing horizontal spread by 53% at a 30° slope. Conversely, downhill smoldering is suppressed by opposing gas flow and shows limited slope sensitivity. Elevation has a dampening effect on smoldering intensity: as altitude increases from 0 to 5000 m, decreasing atmospheric pressure and oxygen availability lead to an approximately 30% reduction in the horizontal spread rate, together with a linear decrease in peak temperature. These findings provide new insights into the environmental drivers of smoldering peat fires and offer scientific support for wildfire prediction and control strategies, particularly in mountainous and high-elevation regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"62 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Study on Smoke Back-Layering Length and Critical Velocity of Double-Source Fires in Longitudinal Ventilated Tunnel 纵向通风隧道双源火灾烟背层长度及临界速度试验研究

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2026-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-026-01912-4

Qiang Wang, Yue Zhang, Yongzheng Yao

引用次数: 0

Structural Robustness of Space Frame Structures at Elevated Temperature 高温下空间框架结构的结构鲁棒性

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-026-01917-z

Yijie Guo, Mamoru Kohno

{"title":"Structural Robustness of Space Frame Structures at Elevated Temperature","authors":"Yijie Guo, Mamoru Kohno","doi":"10.1007/s10694-026-01917-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-026-01917-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study proposes a temperature-dependent sensitivity-index framework for identifying critical members in space frame structures subjected to elevated temperatures. A regular square pyramid space frame is used as a comparative case study, and elastoplastic finite element analyses are carried out in Abaqus using the component-removal approach. For each temperature level, the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the intact structure is compared with that of the damaged structure after removal of a representative member, and a component sensitivity index is calculated from the corresponding capacity reduction. The results show that, within the adopted uniform-temperature idealization, the most sensitive members are consistently located in the central top and bottom chords, whereas peripheral web members remain less sensitive. Temperature mainly changes the magnitude of the sensitivity index rather than its spatial ranking, with the sensitivity index increasing at intermediate temperatures because of thermal-force redistribution and decreasing after severe stiffness degradation and buckling. A comparison among three stiffness levels further shows that lower overall stiffness broadens the range of components exhibiting relatively high sensitivity. The proposed procedure is intended for comparative identification of critical members in regular space frames under globally heated conditions as a limitation and as a improving direction for future work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"62 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148172127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0