Fire Technology最新文献_第10页

Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Status and Alternatives: The Big Picture (2024 Status Update) 水成膜泡沫 (AFFF) 的现状与替代品：全貌（2024 年现状更新）

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01559-z

Gerard G. Back

引用次数: 0

Pool Fires Within a Large Under-Ventilated Environment: Experimental Analysis and Numerical Simulation Using OpenFOAM 通风不足的大型环境中的水池火灾：使用 OpenFOAM 进行实验分析和数值模拟

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01554-4

Marco Cavazzuti, Paolo Tartarini

{"title":"Pool Fires Within a Large Under-Ventilated Environment: Experimental Analysis and Numerical Simulation Using OpenFOAM","authors":"Marco Cavazzuti, Paolo Tartarini","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01554-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01554-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experimental analyses and numerical simulations are carried out on a test case involving an heptane pool fire within a large under-ventilated environment. During the experiments, the temperature history at several locations within the room is monitored by means of thermocouples, and the fire radiative heat transfer estimated through a plate thermocouple. The experimental layout is then replicated numerically and tested using OpenFOAM CFD code. The study is a preliminary analysis performed for code validation purposes on a full-scale fire scenario. The results of the simulations are compared to the experimental results and critically analysed, finding a reasonable agreement overall. Critical issues in fire modelling are also highlighted. In fact, due to the problem complexity and the limitations of the numerical models available some important aspect that can significantly influence the outcome of the simulations must be calibrated a posteriori, somewhat limiting the general predictive applicability of the fire models. Primarily, these are the heat release rate history, the combustion efficiency, and, to a lesser extent, the convective heat transfer boundary condition at the wall.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":"1891 - 1915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01554-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140075946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-fire Mechanical Properties of Q960 Cold-Formed Thick-Walled Ultra-High-Strength Steel Q960 冷成型厚壁超高强度钢的火后力学性能

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01555-3

Yu Shi, Jie Wang, Xuhong Zhou, Xuanyi Xue, Yanmin Li

{"title":"Post-fire Mechanical Properties of Q960 Cold-Formed Thick-Walled Ultra-High-Strength Steel","authors":"Yu Shi, Jie Wang, Xuhong Zhou, Xuanyi Xue, Yanmin Li","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01555-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01555-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanical properties and nonlinear performance of the Q960 cold-formed thick-walled ultra-high-strength steel (CTUS) after elevated temperatures were investigated experimentally, where the effects of cold-forming process, elevated temperature, and cooling condition were considered. Seven different elevated temperatures and two different cooling conditions were included in experiment, where a total of 45 coupon specimens were tested. The tensile coupon test was performed on the Q960 CTUS specimens to reveal the influences of the elevated temperature and cooling condition on the residual stress–strain properties. The predictive equations for the key mechanical parameters of the Q960 CTUS after elevated temperatures were proposed based on the experimental results. The mechanical properties of the Q960 CTUS after elevated temperatures were compared with those of different structural steels and reinforcing steels. A reliability analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of predictive equations for key mechanical parameters, where the resistance factor was recommended. A constitutive model was suggested to elucidate stress–strain curves of the Q960 CTUS after elevated temperatures. These research findings served as the foundation for the future numerical and theoretical investigations on the residual resistant performance of the Q960 CTUS structures after fire.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":"1917 - 1953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Smoldering of Wood: Effects of Wind and Fuel Geometry 更正：木材燃烧：风和燃料几何形状的影响

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01573-1

Luca Carmignani, Mohammadhadi Hajilou, Jeanette Cobian-Iñiguez, Mark Finney, Scott L. Stephens, Michael J. Gollner, Carlos Fernandez-Pello

引用次数: 0

Firebrands Generated During WUI Fires: A Novel Framework for 3D Morphology Characterization WUI 火灾期间产生的火带：三维形态特征描述的新框架

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-023-01530-4

Nicolas Bouvet, Minhyeng Kim

引用次数: 0

Concrete Spalling Identification and Fire Resistance Prediction for Fired RC Columns Using Machine Learning-Based Approaches 利用基于机器学习的方法识别混凝土剥落并预测受火钢筋混凝土柱的耐火性能

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01550-8

Thuan N.-T. Ho, Trong-Phuoc Nguyen, Gia Toai Truong

{"title":"Concrete Spalling Identification and Fire Resistance Prediction for Fired RC Columns Using Machine Learning-Based Approaches","authors":"Thuan N.-T. Ho, Trong-Phuoc Nguyen, Gia Toai Truong","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01550-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01550-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims at utilizing machine learning (ML) in predicting the fire resistance and spalling degree of reinforced concrete (RC) columns with improved accuracy and reliability. A database with 119 test specimens was created for the development of ML-based regression models, and a database with 101 test specimens was created for the development of ML-based classification models. Six ML algorithms—support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), multilayer perceptron (MLP), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). The hyperparameters of the ML-based models were optimized through Bayes optimization search (BayesSearchCV) with ten-fold cross-validation. The results indicated that the AdaBoost not only accurately predicted the spalling degree of RC columns with an accuracy of 87%, but also performed best in predicting the fire resistance of RC columns with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.96 and RMSE = 16.58. The AdaBoost model achieved high accuracy without significant bias, surpassing existing design equations. SHAP method was utilized to produce global explanations for the predictions. The results revealed that concrete compressive strength, loading ratio, slenderness ratio, and column width were the most critical features for spalling degree identification. Meanwhile, those were slenderness ratio, concrete cover, loading ratio, part of the fired column, and longitudinal reinforcement for fire resistance prediction. The parametric study demonstrated that the fire resistance of RC columns is positively affected by only concrete cover.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":"1823 - 1866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early Stage Fire Detection System Based on Shallow Guide Deep Network 基于浅层引导深度网络的早期火灾探测系统

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01549-1

Boning Li, Fang Xu, Xiaoxu Li, Chunyu Yu, Xi Zhang

{"title":"Early Stage Fire Detection System Based on Shallow Guide Deep Network","authors":"Boning Li, Fang Xu, Xiaoxu Li, Chunyu Yu, Xi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01549-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01549-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work concerns how to effectively detect the fire in early stage using computer vision method. As known, the flame of early fire is small and cannot be effectively detected by traditional fire detectors. Inspired by color characteristics of flame, we proposed a Shallow Guide Deep Network (SGDNet) to address the problems in existing early fire detection models. We first investigate the feature of fire in YCbCr color space, then design an SGD module to fuse shallow features, so as to guide the fusion of deep features. Backbone, anchors, head and IoU of model are redesigned according to the features of early fire to not only fuse the deep features but also reduce the size and infer time. Finally, we implement a Early Stage Fire Detection System based on our SGDNet, using embedded device as computing platform, connecting 4 IP cameras for test. Multithread is widely utilized in system for detecting and the reading and conversion operations of video streams, which effectively improves the execution efficiency and reduces the delay of system. Experimental results on dataset show high performance of our model with the advantage of small size and parameter. Application in actual scenarios proves that the delay for detection is about 1.2 s, which fulfills the requirement of early fire warning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":"1803 - 1821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139950805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Fire Parameters on Critical Velocity in Curved Tunnels: A Numerical Study and Response Surface Analysis 火灾参数对弯曲隧道临界速度的影响：数值研究与响应面分析

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01548-2

Saeid Jafari, Bijan Farhanieh, Hossein Afshin

{"title":"Effects of Fire Parameters on Critical Velocity in Curved Tunnels: A Numerical Study and Response Surface Analysis","authors":"Saeid Jafari, Bijan Farhanieh, Hossein Afshin","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01548-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01548-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fire accidents are more likely to occur in tunnels with different curves, aspect ratios, and slopes due to the land’s geographical characteristics. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code with curvilinear grids fitted to the body was used to simulate a variety of fire locations releasing heat at a rate of 5 MW–60 MW in a tunnel with a turning radius of 100 m–1500 m, an aspect ratio of 0.5–2, and a slope between – 10% and 10%. Using the Design of Experiments (DOE) method coupled with numerical simulations, 32 3D numerical models were constructed and a second-order critical velocity model was generated. Analysis of critical velocity was performed based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and multifactor curve plots were drawn for effective parameters. The results showed that the critical velocity was proportional to one-third power of the heat release rate. It was also observed that the critical velocity increased gradually as the fire source moved from the tunnel’s center to its walls. Furthermore, the critical velocity decreased with increasing the aspect ratio. Results showed that the critical velocity increased with increasing the tunnel turning radius. Moreover, tunnels with negative slopes have a higher critical velocity than horizontal tunnels without slopes. Finally, by defining the parameters in non-dimensional form, a new modified form was derived for critical velocity calculation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.98). A critical velocity of 1.24 m/s–5.21 m/s was calculated based on five parameter values in this study. Furthermore, other straight and curved tunnel models confirmed the formula’s predictions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":"1769 - 1802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139928600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction and Application of Knowledge Graph for Building Fire 建筑火灾知识图谱的构建与应用

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01544-6

Jun Hu, Xueming Shu, Xuecai Xie, Xiaoyong Ni, Yongsheng Yang, Shifei Shen

{"title":"Construction and Application of Knowledge Graph for Building Fire","authors":"Jun Hu, Xueming Shu, Xuecai Xie, Xiaoyong Ni, Yongsheng Yang, Shifei Shen","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01544-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01544-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The traditional storage method of fire accident cases is mainly in the form of text, and it is difficult to effectively conduct comprehensive analysis due to the limited ability to display key information and fire knowledge. In this paper, a structured storage form of building fire cases was proposed based on knowledge graph, which can comprehensively describe and visualize the fire causes, the dynamic fire development process and evacuation process. It enables readers to get information and knowledge from building fire cases intuitively, and supports the comprehensive analysis for building fire prevention strategies. The knowledge graphs are constructed for two common building types (residential and public buildings), and have the capacity to reflect the dynamic development law of fires from ignition to spread in different buildings. Meanwhile, as the occupants’ evacuation is the first concern when a fire occurs, the knowledge graphs also visualize the relationship among various conditions in the evacuation process. Different application scenarios are displayed in the paper, including case query, root-cause analysis and consequence forecasting, which shows the advantages and applicability of building fire knowledge graph.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":"1711 - 1739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139918776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tensile Tests for Material Characterisation of High- and Ultra-High-Strength Steels S690QL and S960QL under Natural Fire Conditions 自然火灾条件下高强度和超高强度钢 S690QL 和 S960QL 材料特性的拉伸试验

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01551-7

Sara Uszball, Markus Knobloch

引用次数: 0