Fire Technology最新文献_第10页

Semantic Enrichment of a BIM Model Using Revit: Automatic Annotation of Doors in High-Rise Residential Building Models Using Machine Learning 使用Revit对BIM模型进行语义丰富：使用机器学习对高层住宅模型中的门进行自动标注

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01655-0

Soheila Bigdeli, Pieter Pauwels, Steven Verstockt, Nico Van de Weghe, Bart Merci

{"title":"Semantic Enrichment of a BIM Model Using Revit: Automatic Annotation of Doors in High-Rise Residential Building Models Using Machine Learning","authors":"Soheila Bigdeli, Pieter Pauwels, Steven Verstockt, Nico Van de Weghe, Bart Merci","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01655-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01655-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the potential of automated fire safety conformity checks using a BIM tool. The focus is on travel distance regulations, one of the major concerns in building design. Checking travel distances requires information about the location of exits. Preferably, the Building Information Model (BIM) of the building should contain such information, and if not, user input can be requested. However, a faster, yet still reliable and accurate, methodology is strived for. Therefore, this study presents an automated solution that uses machine learning to add the required semantics to the building model. Three algorithms (Bagged <i>K</i>NN, SVM, and XGBoost) are evaluated at a low Level of Detail (LOD) BIM models. With precision, recall, and F1 scores ranging from 0.87 to 0.90, the model exhibits reliable performance in the classification of doors. In a validation process with two separate sample buildings, the models accurately identified all ’Exits’ in the first building with 94 samples, with only 5 to 6 minor misclassifications. In the second building, all models- with the exception of the SVM - correctly classified every door. Despite their theoretical promise, oversampling techniques do not enhance the results, indicating their inherent limitations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 4","pages":"1579 - 1611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Predicting the Average Charring Rate of Mass Timber Using Data-Driven Methods for Structural Calculations 更正：使用数据驱动的结构计算方法预测大量木材的平均炭化率

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01632-7

Rikesh Amin, Yaxin Mo, Franz Richter, Christoph Kurzer, Norman Werther, Guillermo Rein

引用次数: 0

Examination of the Behavior of Double Cold-Formed Steel Columns with Σ-Shaped Sections Subjected to Non-Uniform Temperature Conditions 具有Σ-Shaped截面的双冷弯钢柱在非均匀温度条件下的性能检验

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01651-4

Xin Liu, Suqin Kuang, Woyu Luo, Zecong Xie

{"title":"Examination of the Behavior of Double Cold-Formed Steel Columns with Σ-Shaped Sections Subjected to Non-Uniform Temperature Conditions","authors":"Xin Liu, Suqin Kuang, Woyu Luo, Zecong Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01651-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01651-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cold-formed steel (CFS) members are widely used in the construction industry due to their versatility, excellent strength-to-weight ratio, and ease of assembly. This paper presents a comprehensive numerical study on the fire resistance of double cold-formed steel columns with Σ-shaped sections under non-uniform temperature distribution. Sheathing CFS members typically exposes the column to fire on one side, and the non-uniform temperature distribution within the column significantly affects its structural response at elevated temperatures. Three types of temperature distribution were considered: ISO uniform distribution, uniform distribution applying the average temperature from thermal analysis, and non-uniform distribution applying different temperatures to the hot and cold flanges. A finite element model of the cold-formed steel column was developed using ABAQUS software. Both structural and thermal analyses were conducted, accounting for material and geometric nonlinearities. To validate the finite element model, the numerical thermal and structural results were compared with previous tests and numerical data. A parametric study was carried out by varying the slenderness ratio, screw spacing, temperature distribution, and load ratio of the member. The results showed that increases in column slenderness and temperature distribution significantly impacted the column's failure time and critical temperature. However, increasing screw spacing did not affect the column's failure time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 4","pages":"1491 - 1533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Masonry Brick Walls with Embedded Test Specimen Under Fire Exposure 砌体砖砌体嵌套试样在火灾作用下的热力学分析

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01643-4

Rene Prieler, Benjamin Ortner, Peter Kitzmüller, Stefan Thumser, Günther Schwabegger, Christoph Hochenauer

{"title":"Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Masonry Brick Walls with Embedded Test Specimen Under Fire Exposure","authors":"Rene Prieler, Benjamin Ortner, Peter Kitzmüller, Stefan Thumser, Günther Schwabegger, Christoph Hochenauer","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01643-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01643-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study is dealing with the heat transfer and deformation of masonry brick walls and an embedded fire safety steel door as well as their mechanical interaction when they were exposed to fire. A numerical approach based on the finite element method was applied to predict the temperatures and deformation. The heat transfer analysis of the wall considered the heat conduction and the radiative heat transfer within the voids of the brick. It was found that the thermal analysis predicted the temperature in the wall with high accuracy. The thermal analysis of the door was limited to the heat conduction and the water vapour transport within the door was neglected. However, the calculated temperatures were found to be reasonable and were further used for the structural analysis. When the door was placed in a central position in the wall, the predicted deformation of the wall was in close accordance to the measured data. The analysis of the door deformation showed that the pressure level and its time-dependency inside the steel door is a crucial factor for the simulation’s accuracy. When the door was placed in an asymmetric position, the wall deformation was increasing significantly. This phenomenon was also covered by the simulation, when the stiffness of the wall boundary condition was decreased. Although the numerical model was capable to calculate the deformation during the fire exposure, further research on the pressure inside the door and the mechanical conditions of the wall at the boundaries has to be done.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"875 - 926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01643-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lessons Learned From the 2018 Attica Wildfire: Households’ Expectations of Evacuation Logistics and Evacuation Time Estimate Components 从2018年阿提卡野火中吸取的教训：家庭对疏散物流和疏散时间估计组件的期望

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01640-7

M. R. K. Siam, Brian M. Staes, Michael K. Lindell, Haizhong Wang

{"title":"Lessons Learned From the 2018 Attica Wildfire: Households’ Expectations of Evacuation Logistics and Evacuation Time Estimate Components","authors":"M. R. K. Siam, Brian M. Staes, Michael K. Lindell, Haizhong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01640-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01640-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the increase in frequency and intensity of wildfires around the world, little research has examined households’ expectations of evacuation logistics and evacuation time estimate (ETE) components during such rapid-onset disasters. To address this gap, this study analyzes data from 152 household responses affected by the devastating 2018 wildfire in Mati, Greece where the second-deadliest wildfire of the 21st century took place. The questionnaire measured residents’ expectations of how they would respond to a future wildfire. This includes the number of vehicles they would take, their evacuation destination and route choices, and their expected evacuation preparation and travel times. Explanatory variables include risk perceptions, wildfire preparedness, wildfire experience, and demographic characteristics. The univariate results reveal some similarities to, but also some differences from, expected evacuation logistics and ETE components in other natural hazards. Moreover, correlation and regression analyses show that expected evacuation logistics and ETE components are primarily related to wildfire preparedness actions. Comparison of this study’s results with other rapid onset events such as tsunamis and hazardous material incidents, as well as longer onset events such as hurricanes, sheds light on household responses to wildfires. Emergency managers can use the similarities in results across studies to better prepare for wildfire evacuations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"795 - 827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Residual Strengths of RC Beams Strengthened with Basalt and Carbon Textile Reinforced Mortars After Exposure to Elevated Temperatures 玄武岩和碳纤维纤维增强砂浆加固RC梁高温后的残余强度

IF 2.4 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01652-3

Naveen Revanna, Charles K. S. Moy

引用次数: 0

Industrial and Mining Fire Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLO 基于改进YOLO的工矿火灾检测算法

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01635-4

Xianguo Li, Yafei Fan, Yi Liu, Xueyan Li, Zhichao Liu

{"title":"Industrial and Mining Fire Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLO","authors":"Xianguo Li, Yafei Fan, Yi Liu, Xueyan Li, Zhichao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01635-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01635-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fire is one of the major disasters that threaten the safety of industrial and mining enterprises. In response to the limitations of existing flame and smoke detection algorithms, which fail to meet the practical application requirements of high detection rates, low false alarm rates, and strong real-time performance, this paper proposes an industrial and mining fire detection algorithm based on the improved YOLO. First, the CFM_N module is built to more effectively capture both local and global data in the feature map. Then, the improved spatial pyramid pooling module SPPFCSPC is proposed to better extract and fuse multi-scale target features. Finally, the improved downsampling module is put forward to optimize the multi-scale fusion module and to reduce the computational complexity. Comparison experiments on self-made datasets show that the proposed algorithm obtains 91.7% mAP and 87.7% F1, which are superior to the results of YOLOv5-YOLOv8 algorithms. And this algorithm achieves accurate detection of small target flames and smoke, as well as medium and large flame and smoke targets in close and medium distances. So it can meet the real-time detection task of fire in large-scale complex industrial and mining scenes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"709 - 728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01635-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal Degradation of Mechanical Properties in Super Ductile Reinforcing Steel Bars: A Comparative Study with Conventional Bars 超韧性钢筋机械性能的热降解：与传统钢筋的比较研究

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01644-3

Faraz Tariq, Hamza Hasan

{"title":"Thermal Degradation of Mechanical Properties in Super Ductile Reinforcing Steel Bars: A Comparative Study with Conventional Bars","authors":"Faraz Tariq, Hamza Hasan","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01644-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01644-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the behavior of super ductile (SD) reinforcing steel bars after exposure to elevated temperatures, highlighting their distinctions and superior performance compared to conventional steel types such as cold-worked, hot-rolled, and thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) bars. The research examines the changes in mechanical properties, including yield strength, ultimate strength, modulus of elasticity, and ductility, through detailed stress–strain analysis and mechanical property evaluation across varying temperature ranges. The findings demonstrate that SD bars exhibit enhanced mechanical properties under high-temperature conditions, retaining higher yield and ultimate strengths, and maintaining a more pronounced strain hardening region compared to other steel types. Specifically, SD bars preserve higher residual strength after exposure to 800°C, significantly outperforming cold-worked and hot-rolled bars. The modulus of elasticity of SD bars shows better stability at moderate temperatures and a less pronounced decrease at higher temperatures, reflecting their superior ability to absorb energy before failure. Parabolic regression models were developed to predict the degradation in yield and ultimate strengths, while polynomial curve fitting methods were used to establish stress–strain models for post-heating scenarios. This research fills a critical gap in the current understanding and provides robust degradation models that are essential for the design and safety assessment of reinforced concrete structures using SD550 steel under thermal stress conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"927 - 946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flame Retarded Adhesive Tapes and Their Influence on the Fire Behavior of Bonded Parts 阻燃胶带及其对粘合部件火灾行为的影响

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01637-2

Vitus Hupp, Bernhard Schartel, Kerstin Flothmeier, Andreas Hartwig

{"title":"Flame Retarded Adhesive Tapes and Their Influence on the Fire Behavior of Bonded Parts","authors":"Vitus Hupp, Bernhard Schartel, Kerstin Flothmeier, Andreas Hartwig","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01637-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01637-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used in automotives, railway vehicles and construction, where flame retardancy is of major importance. This is why industrial applicants often buy, and industrial tape manufacturers often produce, flame-retardant adhesive tapes, advertised for their good flammability characteristics. Yet, how flame-retardant tapes influence the fire behavior of bonded materials is a rather open question. To investigate this issue, three different substrates were bonded, using eight double-sided adhesive tapes containing two different carriers and two different flame retardants. The bonded substrates were compared to their monolithic counterparts in terms of flammability, fire behavior and fire stability. The fire behavior of adhesive tape bonded materials differed significantly from the monolithic substrates. The usage of different adhesive tapes let to different burning behavior of the bonded materials mainly due to different carrier systems. In contrast, the implementation of flame retardant into the adhesive had rather minor or no effect on the burning behavior of the bonded substrates despite their positive effect on the flammability of the free-standing tape. The carrier changed the HRR curve in the cone calorimeter and was able to both, reduce and increase fire hazards. Using the carrier with the better fire performance can lower the fire growth rate by 20%, the peak of heat release rate by 27%, and the maximum average rate of heat emission by 30% in cone calorimeter tests. Overall, the fire behavior of bonded materials is a complex interaction between substrate, adhesive, and carrier, and depends on the fire scenario the materials are exposed to.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"729 - 749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01637-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and Numerical Study on Early-Warning Approach for Fire-Induced Collapse of Steel Portal Frame Based on Rotational Angles 基于旋转角度的钢制门式框架火灾坍塌预警方法的实验和数值研究

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01645-2

Hong-Hui Qi, Yaqiang Jiang, Jing Hou, Guo-Biao Lou, Bo Zhong, Zejiang Zhang, Qinli He

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Study on Early-Warning Approach for Fire-Induced Collapse of Steel Portal Frame Based on Rotational Angles","authors":"Hong-Hui Qi, Yaqiang Jiang, Jing Hou, Guo-Biao Lou, Bo Zhong, Zejiang Zhang, Qinli He","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01645-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01645-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The existing early-warning methods primarily rely on detecting structural displacements which are often challenging to measure accurately in real fire scenarios. To develop innovative early-warning strategies, this paper experimentally and numerically investigates the fire-induced collapse of an 8 m × 6 m steel portal frame assembly. Detailed thermo-structural responses of the frame were measured and presented, including the displacements and rotations. The results revealed that the vertical mid-span displacement and horizontal displacement at the rafter end are key to developing an effective early-warning system. Structural rotations seem sensitive to structural deformation and emerges as a valuable safety indicator for structural systems. Furthermore, parametric analyses were carried out in order to investigate the effect of load ratio, fire protection and heating curve on key parameters of the structure subjected to fires. It is discovered that the increased load ratio can reduce the peak value of vertical displacement at the mid-span of the rafter. A rotational angle of 6° in the steel beams is optimal for predicting the collapse of steel portal frames in fire conditions. Based on the parametric studies, an innovative early-warning approach using rotational angles is proposed and validated against the test frame, demonstrating significant applicability and reliability. The rotation-based early-warning approach works in two distinct stages, being activated respectively by the maximum and zero rotational angles at the end of rafter. The early-time ratios for the respective warning stages are 0.65 and 0.88. For better precision and practical reliability, it is further recommended to combine the rotation-based and displacement-based approaches for the on-site early-warning of fire-induced collapse of portal frames.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"61 2","pages":"947 - 974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01645-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0