Development of a Mesoscopic Egress Model to Estimate the Evacuation on Board Ro–Ro Ships

IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
A. Collin, D. Zeinali, A. Marchand, T. Gasparotto
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Abstract

This paper presents a new evacuation model for fast and affordable simulations of evacuation based on Togawa’s theory for multi-compartment configurations. The aim is to track the evacuee’s path and to estimate the congestion (or the queues) behind each doorway at each time step to model the evacuation process. In this approach, only two parameters drive the formation of congestion, namely the maximum out-coming people flux and the width of the doorway. For a real application, such as evacuation in a building or a boat, a geometrical configuration is considered by a “tree structure” where each doorway is connected to the others up to the main exit. The originality of this paper is in proposing a theoretical expression for the people flux feeding the congestion for people which are located just behind a given doorway. Moreover, this contribution proposes various new experimental tests to qualify and to validate the proposed model. All experimental data (146 evacuation exercises) are available in an open access database for further uses. In this communication, a sensitivity analysis is proposed on a single deck evacuation of the RMS Titanic (the best documented ship for its geometry) with 1126 people. This analysis demonstrates that, between the free walk speed and the maximum out-coming people flux per length of doorway, this latter variable is the most influential parameter of the present model, accounting for 22% of variations in evacuation time. The model has been applied to estimate evacuation times for generic Ro–Ro ships, to test some existing alternatives to abandon a ship and to propose some new perspectives to optimize the evacuation.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

一种估算滚装船上疏散的介观出口模型的建立
本文基于Togawa的多隔室疏散理论,提出了一种快速、经济的疏散模拟新模型。目的是跟踪疏散人员的路径,并估计每个时间步每个门口后面的拥堵(或排队),以模拟疏散过程。在该方法中,只有两个参数驱动拥堵的形成,即最大出入口人流和门口宽度。对于实际应用,例如建筑物或船上的疏散,几何配置被认为是“树状结构”,其中每个门与其他门相连,直到主出口。本文的创新之处在于提出了一个理论表达式,用于满足位于给定门口后面的人群的拥挤。此外,这一贡献提出了各种新的实验测试,以确定和验证所提出的模型。所有实验数据(146次疏散演习)均可在开放获取数据库中获得,以供进一步使用。在本文中,对载有1126人的皇家邮轮泰坦尼克号(RMS Titanic)(其几何形状有最佳记录的船只)的单甲板疏散进行了敏感性分析。分析表明,在自由步行速度和每长度门口最大出入口人流之间,后者是模型中影响最大的参数,占疏散时间变化的22%。应用该模型估计了一般滚装船舶的撤离时间,并对现有的弃船方案进行了测试,提出了优化撤离的新视角。
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来源期刊
Fire Technology
Fire Technology 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
14.70%
发文量
137
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: Fire Technology publishes original contributions, both theoretical and empirical, that contribute to the solution of problems in fire safety science and engineering. It is the leading journal in the field, publishing applied research dealing with the full range of actual and potential fire hazards facing humans and the environment. It covers the entire domain of fire safety science and engineering problems relevant in industrial, operational, cultural, and environmental applications, including modeling, testing, detection, suppression, human behavior, wildfires, structures, and risk analysis. The aim of Fire Technology is to push forward the frontiers of knowledge and technology by encouraging interdisciplinary communication of significant technical developments in fire protection and subjects of scientific interest to the fire protection community at large. It is published in conjunction with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE). The mission of NFPA is to help save lives and reduce loss with information, knowledge, and passion. The mission of SFPE is advancing the science and practice of fire protection engineering internationally.
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