Applied Mathematics Letters最新文献

{"title":"Unisolvence of Kansa collocation for elliptic equations by polyharmonic splines with random fictitious centers","authors":"Maryam Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Alvise Sommariva ,&nbsp;Marco Vianello","doi":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We make a further step in the unisolvence open problem for unsymmetric Kansa collocation, proving almost sure nonsingularity of Kansa matrices with polyharmonic splines and random fictitious centers, for second-order elliptic equations with mixed boundary conditions. We also show some numerical tests, where the fictitious centers are local random perturbations of predetermined collocation points.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55497,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics Letters","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 109571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-crested Stokes waves","authors":"Anastassiya Semenova","doi":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study two-crested traveling Stokes waves on the surface of an ideal fluid with infinite depth. Following Chen &amp; Saffman (1980), we refer to these waves as class <span><math><mi>II</mi></math></span> Stokes waves. The class <span><math><mi>II</mi></math></span> waves are found from bifurcations from the primary branch of Stokes waves away from the flat surface. These waves are strongly nonlinear, and are disconnected from small-amplitude solutions. Distinct class <span><math><mi>II</mi></math></span> bifurcations are found to occur in the first two oscillations of the velocity versus steepness diagram. The bifurcations in distinct oscillations are not connected via a continuous family of class <span><math><mi>II</mi></math></span> waves. We follow the first two families of class <span><math><mi>II</mi></math></span> waves, which we refer to as the secondary branch (that is primary class <span><math><mi>II</mi></math></span> branch), and the tertiary branch (that is secondary class <span><math><mi>II</mi></math></span> branch). Similar to Stokes waves, the class <span><math><mi>II</mi></math></span> waves follow through a sequence of oscillations in velocity as their steepness rises, and indicate the existence of limiting class <span><math><mi>II</mi></math></span> Stokes waves characterized by a 120 degree angle at every other wave crest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55497,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics Letters","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 109560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential inclusion systems with double phase competing operators, convection, and mixed boundary conditions","authors":"Jinxia Cen ,&nbsp;Salvatore A. Marano ,&nbsp;Shengda Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a new framework for studying the existence of generalized or strongly generalized solutions to a wide class of inclusion systems involving double-phase, possibly competing differential operators, convection, and mixed boundary conditions is introduced. The technical approach exploits Galerkin’s method and a surjective theorem for multifunctions in finite dimensional spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55497,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics Letters","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 109556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of criteria for global boundedness in a minimal parabolic–elliptic chemotaxis system with singular sensitivity","authors":"Halil Ibrahim Kurt","doi":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109570","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This article deals with the following singular parabolic–elliptic chemotaxis system &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(0.1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtable&gt;&lt;mtr&gt;&lt;mtd&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;χ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∇&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;⋅&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∇&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;/mtd&gt;&lt;mtd&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∈&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mtd&gt;&lt;/mtr&gt;&lt;mtr&gt;&lt;mtd&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;/mtd&gt;&lt;mtd&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∈&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mtd&gt;&lt;/mtr&gt;&lt;/mtable&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a smooth bounded domain &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;⊂&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; with &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, where parameters &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;χ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; are positive constants. Fujie, Winkler, and Yokota Fujie(2015) in 2014 and Fujie and Senba Fujie(2016) in 2016 proved that system &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(0.1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; has a unique globally bounded classical solution when &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(0.2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;or&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;χ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;with&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;which has remained a critical point for over a decade. However, this article presents a new perspective and shows that assumption &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(0.2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; does not actually constitute a turning point for global classical solutions. Among others, we prove that for all suitable smooth initial data and all &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, the problem &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; possesses a global classical solution that is uniformly bounded if &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(0.3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;χ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;mi&gt;⋅&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msqrt&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msqrt&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;with&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;","PeriodicalId":55497,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics Letters","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 109570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A note on the oscillation of third-order delay differential equations","authors":"Irena Jadlovská ,&nbsp;Tongxing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the paper, we complement existing oscillation criteria for linear third-order delay differential equations by establishing novel sufficient conditions for the nonexistence of so-called Kneser solutions (nonoscillatory solutions with alternating signs of their derivatives). The significant extent of our improvement over known results is illustrated by the example provided. Furthermore, the technique developed here is novel and admits a broad range of possible generalizations, as is discussed in the concluding part of the paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55497,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics Letters","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 109555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The regularity of solution for a generalized Hunter–Saxton type equation","authors":"Hong Cai ,&nbsp;Geng Chen ,&nbsp;Yannan Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cusp singularity, with only Hölder continuity, is a typical singularity formed in the quasilinear hyperbolic partial differential equations, such as the Hunter–Saxton and Camassa–Holm equations. We establish the global existence of Hölder continuous energy conservative weak solution for a family of Hunter–Saxton type equations, where the regularity of solution varies with respect to a parameter. This result can help us predict regularity of cusp singularity for many other models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55497,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics Letters","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 109561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riemann–Hilbert approach to a new integrable nonlocal fifth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with step-like initial data","authors":"Beibei Hu ,&nbsp;Xinru Guan ,&nbsp;Ling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate the Cauchy problem for a new integrable nonlocal fifth-order nonlinear Schrödinger (FONLS) equation with three free parameters. By solving a 2 × 2 matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem in the complex <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-plane, we obtain the limit form solutions of the nonlocal FONLS equation. As an example, we provide an exact expression of the one-soliton solution for the nonlocal FONLS equation by the Riemann–Hilbert problem in special cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55497,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics Letters","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 109557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first eigenvalue of polyharmonic operators and its applications","authors":"Meiqiang Feng,&nbsp;Yichen Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, our main purpose is to prove the existence of the first eigenvalue for the polyharmonic operator with Navier boundary conditions. In addition, the corresponding eigenfunction is demonstrated to be positive. As an application, we will discuss a necessary condition for the existence of positive solutions to some polyharmonic problems on the first eigenvalue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55497,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics Letters","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 109559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptotic profile of steady states for a partially degenerate Aedes aegypti population model","authors":"Jie Xing,&nbsp;Hua Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the asymptotic profile of steady states in a partially degenerate Aedes aegypti population model within advective environments. By reducing the model to a scalar equation, we establish the existence and uniqueness of positive steady-state solutions using the method of upper and lower solutions. We analyze the interaction between diffusion and advection, focusing on their effects on the species’ spatial distribution. Specifically, we examine how variations in diffusion and advection rates impact the asymptotic profiles. Our results show that high advection rates and low diffusion rates lead to species concentration downstream. These findings provide important insights into Aedes aegypti population dynamics in bounded domains, highlighting the critical roles of advection and diffusion in shaping spatial patterns of the species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55497,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics Letters","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 109554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative Crank–Nicolson-type and compact finite difference schemes for modeling the Schrödinger equation with point nonlinearity","authors":"Yong Wu ,&nbsp;Fenghua Tong ,&nbsp;Xuanxuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongyong Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aml.2025.109553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose conservative Crank–Nicolson-type and compact finite difference schemes for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with point nonlinearity. To construct these schemes, we first transform the point nonlinearity into an interface condition, then decompose the computational domain along the interface into two subregions with a jump condition. Different discretization approximations of the jump condition lead to different numerical schemes. For the Crank–Nicolson finite difference scheme, we prove its unconditional mass conservation and energy conservation. Some numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of our proposed schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55497,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics Letters","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 109553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}