Applied Vegetation Science最新文献

{"title":"The alien Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) impacts forest vegetation and regeneration on the southern slope of the European Alps","authors":"Vincent Fehr,&nbsp;Marco Conedera,&nbsp;Michele Dalle Fratte,&nbsp;Bruno Cerabolini,&nbsp;Chiara Benedetti,&nbsp;Robert Buitenwerf,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Svenning,&nbsp;Guido Maspoli,&nbsp;Gianni Boris Pezzatti","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12765","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Does the non-native evergreen Chinese windmill palm (<i>Trachycarpus fortunei</i>) affect native plant community and forest regeneration in deciduous forests? Are effects modulated by soil moisture? What are the implications for forest management and nature conservation?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Broadleaved deciduous low-elevation forests on the southern slope of the Alps across the Swiss–Italian border region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compared the native herbaceous and woody plant composition, species richness, Shannon diversity and abundance at ten deciduous forest sites on two moisture conditions (six mesic–moist sites and four mesic–dry sites). Each site consisted of three plots measuring 400 m² along a gradient of <i>T. fortunei</i> presence, ranging from “dominant”, to “present but not dominant” to “absent”.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In mesic–moist forests with high densities of <i>T. fortunei</i>, species richness and Shannon diversity of native plants and recruiting woody species in the herb and shrub layers were significantly reduced compared to similar sites where <i>T. fortunei</i> is absent or not dominant. However, in mesic–dry forests these variables did not differ between palm-invaded and uninvaded plots. The abundance of recruiting woody individuals did not differ between plots invaded by palms and uninvaded control plots in either forest type.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We expect detrimental consequences for plant diversity in mesic–moist alluvial forests with high <i>T. fortunei</i> densities and few detrimental consequences in the more widespread non-alluvial forests. We recommend multifaceted management, including targeted eradication in alluvial forests identified as hotspots of native plant diversity, accompanied by hands-off management of <i>T. fortunei</i> in non-alluvial forests, recognizing the ongoing and inevitable “laurophyllisation”; a biome shift toward mixed-evergreen forest that may increase ecosystem climate resilience under ongoing climatic warming.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139435305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of species composition in arable-weed communities of the Austrian–Hungarian borderland region: What is the role of the country?","authors":"Gyula Pinke,&nbsp;András Vér,&nbsp;Krisztina Réder,&nbsp;Gábor Koltai,&nbsp;Gerhard Schlögl,&nbsp;Ákos Bede-Fazekas,&nbsp;Bálint Czúcz,&nbsp;Zoltán Botta-Dukát","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12764","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Due to their high ecological and agronomical variability, borderland regions offer an excellent opportunity to study assembly patterns. In this study we compared the influence of various factors on summer annual weed communities consisting of both native and introduced species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The borderland region of Austria and Hungary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the abundance of weed species in 300 fields of six summer annual crops, and collected information on 26 background variables for each plot. We applied redundancy analysis (RDA) to estimate multivariate species responses and variation partitioning to compare the relative importance of three groups of variables (environmental variables, management variables, and country as a singleton group), and we also checked for statistical association between country and the predictors of the other two groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The full RDA model explained 22.02% of the variance in weed species composition. Variation partitioning showed that environment and management had similarly high (~8%) influence on weeds, while country had a modest yet substantial (~1%) effect, and there was relatively little overlap between the variance attributable to the three groups. Comparing the individual variables, country ranked third (after preceding crop, and actual crop). The effects of 15 further variables were also significant, including seven management, and seven environmental variables, as well as the location of the sampling plots within the fields. Comparisons between the countries showed that farming type, preceding crops, tillage system, tillage depth and field size were significantly different between the countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Country exhibited a small but significant influence on weed community composition, which could not be explained with easily accessible management and environmental variables. This suggests that the distinct historical agronomical background of the two countries, possibly involving some legacies of the former Iron Curtain period, still has an impact on the weed species composition of arable fields.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139110045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflecting on two and a half decades of restoration ecology in Applied Vegetation Science (1998–2023)","authors":"Jodi N. Price,&nbsp;Viktoria Wagner,&nbsp;Valério D. Pillar,&nbsp;Milan Chytrý","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12761","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The inaugural issue of &lt;i&gt;Applied Vegetation Science&lt;/i&gt; in 1998 included a Special Feature focused on plant species diversity and restoration ecology. This thematic focus emerged from a conference on vegetation management, where biodiversity theory was linked to the applied concept of restoration. At the time, ecological restoration was frequently practiced but the science of restoration ecology was still in its infancy. In this Editorial, we aim to reflect on the evolution of restoration ecology since the Journal's inception in 1998. The restoration of vegetation has remained a central theme for the Journal, and here we reflect on the advancements in restoration ecology by drawing comparisons between the inaugural issue and the key topics discussed in the articles published in &lt;i&gt;Applied Vegetation Science&lt;/i&gt; in 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the first issue, a primary theme revolved around reintroducing plant species to degraded sites. This included discussions on the species pool, fragmentation, and traits associated with dispersal and longevity (Ehrlén &amp; van Groenendael, &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;; Zobel et al., &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;). Notably, these themes demonstrated a focus extended beyond the patch or site scale to include landscape-scale processes. These large-scale processes were linked to restoration in terms of the capacity for natural regeneration after the removal of the degrading force. For example, restoration was more successful when the species pool was diverse and colonization could occur. The strong focus on regional processes reflected the interest at the time in diversity theory at large scales.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1998, philosophical inquiries pondered whether restoration necessitates the return of all species or whether some are functionally equivalent (van Andel, &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;). This overlaps with ideas raised regarding the determination of reference sites in relation to desired vegetation states, such as semi-natural vegetation (Poschlod et al., &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;). One paper explored how restoration success should be measured (van Duren et al., &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;), reporting on the failure of a restoration project that could nowadays be interpreted as the presence of strong thresholds to recovery. The authors suggest a reconsideration of restoration targets, aligning with more recent concepts such as novel ecosystems. In essence, these discussions considered what constitutes restoration, a theme that is still relevant today. The papers highlighted the need to actively reintroduce species while recognizing the limitations of focusing on species alone as a restoration target. The exploration of these early themes serves as a valuable foundation for understanding the trajectory of restoration ecology within &lt;i&gt;Applied Vegetation Science&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2023, articles published in &lt;i&gt;Applied Vegetation Science&lt;/i&gt; explored longer-term trajectories and showed a notable shift towards a more comprehensive examination of restoration success and the resilien","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139110046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using spectral diversity and heterogeneity measures to map habitat mosaics: An example from the Classical Karst","authors":"Emilia Pafumi,&nbsp;Francesco Petruzzellis,&nbsp;Miris Castello,&nbsp;Alfredo Altobelli,&nbsp;Simona Maccherini,&nbsp;Duccio Rocchini,&nbsp;Giovanni Bacaro","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12762","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Can we map complex habitat mosaics from remote-sensing data? In doing this, are measures of spectral heterogeneity useful to improve image classification performance? Which measures are the most important? How can multitemporal data be integrated in a robust framework?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Classical Karst (NE Italy).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>First, a habitat map was produced from field surveys. Then, a collection of 12 monthly Sentinel-2 images was retrieved. Vegetation and spectral heterogeneity (SH) indices were computed and aggregated in four combinations: (1) monthly layers of vegetation and SH indices; (2) seasonal layers of vegetation and SH indices; (3) yearly layers of SH indices computed across the months; and (4) yearly layers of SH indices computed across the seasons. For each combination, a Random Forest classification was performed, first with the complete set of input layers and then with a subset obtained by recursive feature elimination. Training and validation points were independently extracted from field data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The maximum overall accuracy (0.72) was achieved by using seasonally aggregated vegetation and SH indices, after the number of vegetation types was reduced by aggregation from 26 to 11. The use of SH measures significantly increased the overall accuracy of the classification. The spectral β-diversity was the most important variable in most cases, while the spectral α-diversity and Rao's <i>Q</i> had a low relative importance, possibly because some habitat patches were small compared to the window used to compute the indices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results are promising and suggest that image classification frameworks could benefit from the inclusion of SH measures, rarely included before. Habitat mapping in complex landscapes can thus be improved in a cost- and time-effective way, suitable for monitoring applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139047275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dioxide fluxes and soil carbon storage in relation to long-term grazing and no grazing in Icelandic semi-natural grasslands","authors":"Anna Gudrun Thorhallsdottir,&nbsp;Jon Gudmundsson","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12757","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>What is the effect of long-term grazing and no grazing (NG) on carbon dioxide flux and soil carbon storage in Icelandic semi-natural grasslands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three farms, with known history of land use, in W Iceland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On each farm, we located an intensively and an extensively grazed site, which both had been constantly grazed for centuries, and a parallel site with no grazing for over 50 years. We measured net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration and normalized difference vegetation index on a regular basis over the growing season. Samples were taken from 60 cm deep soil profiles for analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The grazed sites showed significantly more negative NEE than the NG sites, indicating more carbon dioxide uptake on the grazed sites compared to the NG sites. The normalized difference vegetation index was also significantly higher on the grazed sites. On all farms, the total SOC content was higher in the grazed sites than in the parallel NG sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study indicates that cessation of grazing decreases productivity and carbon dioxide uptake in a semi-natural grassland in Iceland, as well as SOC content in the soil. Historically, all the NG sites in the study had the same grazing history as the continuously grazed sites until grazing exclusion. The measured lower SOC on the NG sites seems to indicate that, without grazing, SOC is lost with time and/or grazing is needed to maintain SOC in these grasslands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139042272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satellite-derived prefire vegetation predicts variation in field-based invasive annual grass cover after fire","authors":"Christopher R. Anthony,&nbsp;Cara V. Applestein,&nbsp;Matthew J. Germino","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12759","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avsc.12759","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Invasion by annual grasses (IAGs) and concomitant increases in wildfire are impacting many drylands globally, and an understanding of factors that contribute to or detract from community resistance to IAGs is needed to inform postfire restoration interventions. Prefire vegetation condition is often unknown in rangelands but it likely affects variation in postfire invasion resistance across large burned scars. Whether satellite-derived products like the Rangeland Analysis Platform (RAP) can fulfill prefire information needs and be used to parametrize models of fire recovery to inform postfire management of IAGs is a key question.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We used random forests to ask how IAG abundances in 669 field plots measured in the 2-3 years following megafires in sagebrush steppe rangelands of western USA responded to RAP estimates of annual:perennial prefire vegetation cover, the effects of elevation, heat load, postfire treatments, soil moisture–temperature regimes, and land-agency ratings of ecosystem resistance to invasion and resilience to disturbance.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Postfire IAG cover measured in the field was &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;22&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;¯&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ overline{22} $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;% and RAP-estimated prefire annual herbaceous cover was &lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;15.7&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;¯&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ overline{15.7} $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;%. The random forest model had an &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; of 0.36 and a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 4.41. Elevation, postfire herbicide treatment, and prefire estimates from RAP for the ratio of annual:perennial and shrub cover were the most important predictors of postfire IAG cover. Threshold-like relationships between postfire IAG cover and the predictors indicate that maintaining annual:perennial cover below 0.4 and shrub cover below &lt;10% prior to wildfire would decrease invasion, at low elevations below 1400 m above sea level.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Despite known differences between RAP and field-based estimates of vegetation cover, RAP was still a useful predictor of var","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138822554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of herbaceous functional types and woody vegetation to selective shrub control on wildlife and cattle ranches in a semi-arid savanna","authors":"Arnim Marquart,&nbsp;Helga van Coller,&nbsp;Nanette van Staden,&nbsp;Klaus Kellner","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12755","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shrub encroachment is a major challenge for livestock and wildlife management in semi-arid savannas. Shrub removal by land managers is widespread, but the long-term effects on vegetation structure and composition, which determine carrying capacity for herbivores, are poorly documented. This study aims to examine the effects of selective shrub removal to guide vegetation management in key land uses of semi-arid African savannas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vegetation responses were assessed across land uses and treatments to answer the following questions: (1) does shrub removal increase the frequency of palatable plants and therefore herbivore-carrying capacity; (2) does selective shrub removal decrease woody vegetation structure 15 years after application; and (3) how do these effects differ between cattle and wildlife ranching?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Molopo region of the North West Province, South Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herbaceous and woody vegetations were sampled within six transects each of three wildlife ranches and three cattle ranches in areas that had either been selectively shrub-controlled with herbicides 10–15 years previously or left untreated. To quantify effects of woody shrub control on herbaceous functional-group abundances and assemblages, tree equivalents, regrowth rate, and shrub abundance, we compared these variables across two treatments (treated and untreated) and land uses. Data were analysed using GLMMs, NMDS ordinations, PERMANOVA, and SIMPER.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Selective shrub control effectively improved palatable herbaceous vegetation, especially on cattle ranches. Especially abundance of perennial grass was higher on wildlife ranches compared to cattle ranches. Tree equivalent was higher in untreated compared to treated plots, and these differences were more pronounced on wildlife ranches than on cattle ranches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusionss</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Selective shrub removal improved the palatable herbaceous layer for both wildlife and cattle ranching and can be considered an effective management strategy in semi-arid rangelands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138713720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid functional but slow species diversity recovery of steppe vegetation on former arable fields in southern Ukraine","authors":"Iwona Dembicz,&nbsp;Maria Zachwatowicz,&nbsp;Ivan Moysiyenko,&nbsp;Viktor Shapoval,&nbsp;Bożena Smreczak,&nbsp;Natalia Zagorodniuk,&nbsp;Anastasia Davydova,&nbsp;Denys Vynokurov,&nbsp;Hallie Seiler,&nbsp;Barbara Sudnik-Wójcikowska","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12756","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>European steppes are among the most threatened ecosystems in the Palaearctic region, mainly because of conversion to arable land. Abandonment may allow for the passive recovery of steppes. We made use of an exceptional old-field succession chronosequence of nearly 100 years to answer the following questions: (a) Are the plant species composition, species richness and functional characteristics typical of virgin grass steppes able to self-restore during ca. 100 years after abandonment? (b) Do the rates of recovery of the above vegetation characteristics differ over the studied chronosequence? (c) Do topsoil carbon and nitrogen content change over the succession chronosequence, leading to concentrations similar to that of virgin steppes?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southern Ukraine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled vegetation and soil in a virgin grass steppe and in old fields abandoned for 6, 15, 31, 50 and ca. 97 years. We subjected the composition data to multivariate analysis. To test whether species richness, functional and soil characteristics of the old fields diverge from those of the virgin steppe, we used one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) statistic to create 90% confidence intervals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The vegetation composition of the three most recently abandoned old fields differed significantly from that of the virgin steppe. The species richness of vascular plants was lower in old fields than in the virgin steppe. The share of steppe habitat specialists was similar to the virgin steppe only in the field abandoned for ca. 97 years. Functional characteristics were significantly different from the virgin steppe only in the most recently abandoned old field. Contents of C_org and N_tot in fields abandoned for ≤50 years were lower compared with the virgin steppe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The functional characteristics of steppe vegetation seem to recover much faster than its biodiversity. However, based on our results, 100 years can be enough time for the spontaneous re-establishment of typical steppe vegetation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138679047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribed burning can promote recovery of Atlantic coastal heathlands suffering dieback after extreme drought events","authors":"Liv Guri Velle,&nbsp;Siri Vatsø Haugum,&nbsp;Richard J. Telford,&nbsp;Pål Thorvaldsen,&nbsp;Vigdis Vandvik","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12760","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the winter of 2014, an intense drought combined with sub-zero temperatures resulted in a massive <i>Calluna</i> dieback in Norwegian heathlands. We studied the initial vegetation recovery under two management approaches: natural recovery and prescribed burning. We hypothesized that natural recovery will be slower in more drought-affected sites, whereas burning will facilitate post-fire recovery in all sites by effectively removing dead and damaged heath. Both natural recovery and post-fire succession will be slower in the north.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Calluna</i> heath in seven sites spanning an approx. 600-km latitudinal gradient along the coast of Norway (60.22–65.69° N).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After a natural drought, 10 permanent plots per site were either burnt or left for natural recovery. Vegetation data were recorded annually in 2016 (pre-fire) and 2017–2019 (post-fire) reflecting a factorial repeated-measures design (<i>n</i> = 280). The data were analyzed using mixed-effects models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two years after the drought, we observed high but variable <i>Calluna</i> damage and mortality. Over the four years of study, damaged <i>Calluna</i> recovered, whereas dead <i>Calluna</i> showed little recovery. Both the extent of the damage and mortality, as well as the rate of natural recovery, are only weakly related to site climate or environmental factors. Fire efficiently removed dead and damaged <i>Calluna</i> and facilitated post-fire successional dynamics and recovery in a majority of sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extreme winter drought resulted in substantial and often persistent damage and dieback on <i>Calluna</i> along the latitudinal gradient. In sites with high mortality, prescribed burning removed the dead biomass and, in some cases, facilitated vegetation recovery. Traditional heathland management, which uses burning to facilitate all-year grazing by Old Norse sheep in Atlantic coastal heathlands, can be an efficient tool to mitigate dieback events and more generally to increase resistance to and resilience after extreme drought events in the future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138634344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do seeding and seedling planting result in similar restored plant communities?","authors":"Bradley J. Butterfield,&nbsp;Seth M. Munson","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12758","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Restoration practitioners often face a tradeoff between low cost but risky seeding vs expensive but more reliable seedling planting to meet revegetation goals. Knowing under what environmental and management conditions direct seeding vs seedling planting benefit different species could improve restoration practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compared seed emergence to planted-seedling survival among perennial herbaceous species commonly used in restoration across eight experimental restoration sites on the Colorado Plateau, USA. We used linear models to assess relationships between emergence and survival among species, and to assess the effects of site climate and seeding pre-treatments on those relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that among species, emergence was positively correlated with survival in the cooler sites, meaning that species with high emergence also had high survival and vice versa, but had no relationship in the hottest sites. Furthermore, pre-treatments to enhance soil moisture in seeded plots, specifically microtopography (pits) and mulch, also resulted in positive relationships between emergence and survival among species, while seeding without additional soil pre-treatments did not. Seedling planting cost 14 times as much as direct seeding alone, dropping to nine times as much when pre-treatments were combined with seeding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Taken together, these results suggest that investments in seedling planting at hotter dryland sites, or in creating microtopography or mulching prior to seeding across sites, are likely to promote establishment success compared to simple seeding methods in degraded dryland ecosystems. These findings also identify opportunities for hybrid seeding and planting approaches that balance tradeoffs between risk and cost, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138564855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}