Applied Vegetation Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of extensive grazing and mowing compared to abandonment on the biodiversity of European grasslands: A meta-analysis","authors":"Andrea R. Schneider,&nbsp;Daniel Hering","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extensively managed grasslands play a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity by providing habitats for a wide range of plant and animal species. The most common management is either grazing or mowing, or grasslands are abandoned. The differential effects of these management or abandoning schemes on biodiversity patterns of extensively managed grasslands have not yet been systematically evaluated with a large number of available case studies. We aimed to identify by a meta-analysis the best option for biodiversity in extensively managed grassland in Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for publications that appeared before 31 January 2024 and that reported the effects of management schemes on biodiversity patterns of extensively managed grassland. Out of 971 original records, 54 full-text articles were included in the final analysis. We extracted values for mean, SD and sample size of species numbers and calculated Hedge's <i>g</i> to rate treatment effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extensive management (grazing, mowing) increased species number compared to abandonment (effect size: Hedge's <i>g</i> = 1.30). For plant diversity, extensive management had a strong positive effect (<i>g</i> = 1.78), while the effect of grazing and mowing was minor for animal biodiversity (<i>g</i> = 0.03). The results were recognizably influenced by the investigated plot sizes. Small plots (&lt;10 m²) showed a much stronger effect (<i>g</i> = 2.19) than larger plots (<i>g</i> = 0.56). The type of extensive management, grazing or mowing, had no influence on the results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In line with results on grasslands in general, our results underline that biodiversity of extensively managed grasslands benefits from extensive grazing or mowing. Although abandonment had a negligible effect on animal species richness, the effect on vegetation was strong. The low effect of abandonment on the fauna can be explained by the relatively short duration of the studies. The characteristics of grassland were still present, and it had not turned into forest. Extensive grazing or mowing are therefore the best options for grassland managed for conservation purposes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of montane grasslands in central Argentina","authors":"Sebastián R. Zeballos,&nbsp;Juan José Cantero,&nbsp;Melisa A. Giorgis,&nbsp;Alicia T. R. Acosta,&nbsp;César O. Núñez,&nbsp;M. Virginia Palchetti,&nbsp;Daihana S. Argibay,&nbsp;Marcelo R. Cabido","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We address the following questions: (1) which are the main plant communities in montane grasslands in central Argentina; (2) do those communities differ in terms of floristic composition, endemisms, chorotypes and life forms; and (3) which are the major environmental variables (climatic, topographic and edaphic) associated with the heterogeneity of the vegetation?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pampean Mountains (Sierras Pampeanas), Córdoba Province, central Argentina, an area of ca. 37,000 km².</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survey was based on a data set comprising 746 relevés and 822 vascular plant species, collected in accordance with the Braun-Blanquet sampling method. The data were classified using the hierarchical ISOmetric feature mapping and Partitioning Around Medoids, and ordinated through isometric feature mapping (ISOPAM). The environmental variables were related to the ISOPAM ordination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ISOPAM classification identified two clusters, five vegetation types and 17 plant communities, which were distributed across different elevations. There were notable differences in the diagnostic species, average percentages of endemic species, chorotypes and life forms among the various vegetation types and plant communities. The primary gradient in grassland vegetation was found to be associated with elevation and related climatic variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study provides valuable insights into the montane grasslands of the Sierras Pampeanas in central Argentina. It presents a comprehensive classification of the region's grasslands, including tall tussock grasslands, humid grasslands, stony grasslands, and grasslands with scattered shrubs and trees. Each recognized unit is distinguished by diagnostic species and a distinct floristic composition. Our findings emphasize a significant division between grasslands at higher elevation, abundant in Andean species, and Piedmont and shrubby grasslands at lower elevations, characterized by a higher prevalence of Chacoan and other Neotropical species. Grassland vegetation in other regions of the Sierras Pampeanas remains poorly studied, requiring additional research to determine the syntaxonomic position of this vegetation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of spatial models and maps for tree species diversity and biomass in a miombo ecosystem, western Tanzania","authors":"Adrienne B. Chitayat,&nbsp;Matthew Lewis,&nbsp;Moses Anyelwisye,&nbsp;Gabriel S. Laizer,&nbsp;Fiona A. Stewart,&nbsp;Serge A. Wich,&nbsp;Alex K. Piel","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Miombo, a prominent dry forest formation, holds ecological importance for both humans and wildlife. Trees are a driving force behind miombo dynamics, thus, spatially explicit metrics of tree cover are essential for evaluating habitat characteristics, resource availability, and environmental change. We developed predictive models and maps of tree species diversity and biomass within a previously undescribed landscape.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mahale Mountains National Park (MMNP), Greater Mahale Ecosystem (GME), Tanzania.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We created models of tree density, basal area, tree species richness, and tree diversity according to the Shannon Diversity Index. We created a predictive model using an ensemble modeling approach using plot-based data from MMNP and predictor variables derived from satellite data associated with climate, habitat structure, plant productivity, and topography. We assessed predictor importance across models and produced maps based on model predictions and compared them to land cover type and protective status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results revealed strong positive correlations between tree metrics (<i>r</i> ≥ 0.70) and substantial overlap in the selection and relative importance of predictors. Canopy height was the most important predictor across models, followed by climate and topography predictors associated with energy. Predictors derived from the soil-adjusted vegetation index were also valuable. Model performances ranged from <i>R</i>² values of 0.45 to 0.55, with tree density performing best. Maps show high tree species diversity and biomass in protected areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study and the maps it produced provide a baseline for land management and future modeling efforts in the GME. Our results highlight the contribution of a wide variety of environmental predictors and the importance of a select few. We confirmed the importance of the current protected area network where conservation efforts align, and help sustain, an abundance and diversity of trees. Current and historical disturbance-related predictors should be considered to address remaining unexplained variance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}