Applied Vegetation Science最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Previous Coppice Management on Stand Structure and Vegetation Diversity of 9210* Habitat Beech Forests in the Central Apennines (Italy)","authors":"Alessandro Vitali,&nbsp;Giulio Tesei,&nbsp;Marina Allegrezza,&nbsp;Matteo Garbarino,&nbsp;Giorgio Iorio,&nbsp;Carlo Urbinati","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forests classified as Natura 2000 priority Habitat 9210* (Apennine beech forests with <i>Taxus baccata</i> and <i>Ilex aquifolium</i>) cover most of the European beech distribution along the Italian peninsula. Most of these forests have been coppiced for centuries until 60–70 years ago, and today, some are lapsed coppices and others in conversion to high forests. In both cases there is a lack of knowledge on the ongoing ecological dynamics, especially with regard of species composition changes, that is a base for their sustainable management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Central Apennines (Italy).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed forest structure and their impact on plant diversity from 50 plots in three sites where forests have been differently managed also in relation to their private, common or public ownership. We assessed the relationships between forest structure and understory plant diversity, applying multivariate statistical analysis and running regression models for estimating the influence of forest structure variables on species richness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We appraised the heterogeneity of the 9210* Apennines beech forests featuring five floristic-vegetation groups with cluster analysis in four structure stand types: lapsed coppices (LPC), coppices in conversion (CCO), two-layer coppices (TLC) and recolonized stored coppices (RSC). The Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination shows that CCO, the most common structural type investigated, is not clearly related to any specific variable. The best models suggested that the mean cambial age and tree height can positively predict all dependent richness variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The structural and compositional diversities of these forests require an innovative management approach integrating silvicultural options commonly considered divergent (coppice vs. high forests) for providing new ecosystem services and socioeconomic opportunities for local mountain communities, to support biodiversity, and to increase forest resilience to natural disturbances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Use of Taxon Names in Community Ecology","authors":"Milan Chytrý,&nbsp;Valério D. Pillar,&nbsp;Jodi N. Price,&nbsp;Viktoria Wagner","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70009","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Vegetation science and community ecology focus on ecosystems composed of multiple species and other taxonomic ranks, such as subspecies. Scientific work in these fields requires accurate identification of these taxa in the field and recording them using standardized scientific names. However, as journal editors, we frequently encounter manuscripts where authors misunderstand taxonomic nomenclature, leading to errors and making articles challenging for readers to follow. Here, we highlight some practices that we believe should be improved for the benefit of vegetation science and community ecology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Every year, the editors of &lt;i&gt;Applied Vegetation Science&lt;/i&gt; select one article for the Editors' Award. For the year 2024, the award was bestowed on Lina Lüttgert for the article “Linking trends of habitat types and plant species using repeated habitat mapping data” (Lüttgert et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). The ongoing changes in habitats and the abundance and distribution of species in landscapes are important research topics (Kapfer et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Knollová et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). However, individual studies focus either on changes in habitat area (e.g., studies based on remote sensing) or on changes in habitat quality, such as the decline of characteristic or threatened species. It is usually assumed that the decline in habitat area correlates with the decline in habitat quality, but is this always the case? Lüttgert et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) used data from repeated habitat mapping and data on plant species occurrence from southwestern Germany over the last three decades and compared the changes in habitat area with changes in species occurrence. They found that in some habitats, such as grasslands, the decline in habitat area is correlated with the decline in species characteristic of that habitat. However, this is not always the case. For example, the area of deciduous forests in southwestern Germany increased, but the abundance of the deciduous forest's characteristic species decreased. An important lesson from this study is that conclusions based on the assessment of changes in habitat quantity cannot be interpreted as changes in habitat quality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There were other articles worthy of consideration. Rivas, Guerrero-Casado, and Navarro-Cerrillo (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) also assessed changes in vegetation over the last three decades, but they focused on the fragmentation and functional connectivity of seasonally dry forests in Ecuador. They found that the loss of forest area was 30%, while the loss of connectivity was 75%. Based on their findings, they proposed a new reforestation plan that prioritizes areas where reforestation would improve functional connectivity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another interesting paper was the meta-analysis by Berto, Ritchie, and Erickson (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), which looked at the effects of seed enhancement technologies such as acid treatment, coating, pelleting, flash flaming and priming on germination, emergence, shoot ","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Heat Shock Effects on Seedling Emergence and Seed Bank Viability in 18 Colombian Dry Forest Species","authors":"José David Barras Rodriguez,&nbsp;Bladimir Zuñiga Cespedes,&nbsp;Jeiner de Jesus Castellanos Barliza","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High temperatures during forest fires can cause significant damage to tropical dry forest areas and alter their ecological stability, particularly by affecting seed viability and seedling emergence. This study evaluates the seedling emergence response of 18 dry forest species to fire-simulated temperatures, aiming to assess their potential for restoration in fire-prone Colombian ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The seeds used in this study were obtained from three tropical dry forests in Colombia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 9832 seeds from 18 dry forest species were collected directly from the soil seed bank in three tropical dry forests in Colombia. These seeds were then exposed to simulated forest fire temperatures (100°C, 150°C, and 200°C) for 10 min. Seed viability was analyzed using the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reagent (tetrazolium test) and assessed using a generalized linear model. Seedling emergence and mean emergence time were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with temperature treatments as factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study revealed that seedling emergence significantly decreased with higher heat shock temperatures. Notably, <i>Hura crepitans</i> and <i>Parkinsonia aculeata</i> tolerated temperatures up to 100°C, while <i>Caesalpinia pulcherrima</i> and <i>Enterolobium cyclocarpum</i> showed increased emergence at that temperature. Based on their emergence responses, species were classified as stimulated, tolerant, sensitive, or vulnerable. Seed viability declined with rising temperatures, and the mean emergence time increased in species like <i>Cordia alba</i>, <i>Crescentia cujete</i>, and <i>Lonchocarpus violaceus</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study shows that heat shocks at 150°C and 200°C significantly reduced seed bank viability for most Colombian dry forest species. However, <i>Caesalpinia pulcherrima</i> and <i>Enterolobium cyclocarpum</i> were stimulated by 100°C heat shocks, while <i>Hura crepitans</i> and <i>Parkinsonia aculeata</i> showed no adverse effects. Vulnerable species like <i>Coccoloba acuminata</i> and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> exhibited no viable seeds at higher temperatures, suggesting potential local extinctions. These results emphasize the need to focus on heat-tolerant species for restoration efforts in fire-prone ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understorey vegetation response to post-tornado salvage logging","authors":"Colby Bosley-Smith,&nbsp;Anthony W. D'Amato,&nbsp;Nicole S. Rogers,&nbsp;Nava Tabak,&nbsp;Shawn Fraver","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How does salvage logging alter understorey vegetation composition? To what extent does abundance of recalcitrant understorey species influence conifer tree regeneration? How does salvage logging influence microclimate conditions?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scientific Forest Management Area, Baxter State Park, Maine, USA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2013, a rare tornado and subsequent salvage operation created three clear “treatments” for evaluation of post-disturbance understorey community response: blowdown, blowdown followed by salvage logging and an undisturbed forested control. Ten years post tornado, we inventoried understorey vegetation at 10 sampling points within each of these treatments. We installed automated sensors to track temperature and soil moisture throughout a growing season and used hemispherical photographs to characterize canopy openness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination based on species importance values indicated distinct species groupings according to treatment, with the salvage treatment supporting a higher abundance of the recalcitrant species, <i>Rubus idaeus</i> and <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i>. Abundance of conifer regeneration was notably lower in areas with high abundance of <i>Rubus idaeus</i> or <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i>. Daily soil surface temperature fluctuations and canopy openness (both factors that influence seed germination) decreased in the order salvage &gt; blowdown &gt; control. Ordination results suggest that these two factors were the primary drivers of the observed compositional differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study furthers our understanding of the interactions among disturbance, microclimate, and understorey communities, highlighting the need for increased consideration of long-term effects on vegetation development following salvage logging. Our findings support recommendations to intermingle salvage patches within blowdown areas to promote landscape heterogeneity and species diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EcoFloVCS: An eco-physiognomic-floristic vegetation classification system","authors":"Kun Song,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Enrong Yan,&nbsp;Xihua Wang,&nbsp;Yongchang Song","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vegetation science research has been conducted for approximately 200 years; however, until now there has not been a unified classification principle or system that was acceptable to vegetation scientists. To facilitate the development of vegetation science and its applications in natural conservation, a unified vegetation classification system is urgently required. Here we propose a unified eco-physiognomic-floristic vegetation classification system (EcoFloVCS) that combines eco-physiognomic and floristic characteristic classification systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Under the EcoFloVCS, plant communities are considered to have six key components (species composition, structure, habitat, development, locality, and function). Six associated characteristics are derived from these six components (dominant species, diagnostic species, physiognomy, distribution patterns, dynamics, and disturbance processes). These characteristics are used as the basis for community classification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The high-level units of this system agree with the UNESCO system, whereas the middle- and low-level units correspond to the Braun-Blanquet classification system. Both are connected by a Division (Subformation) unit. Based on the EcoFloVCS, a vegetation system was constructed for the four highest units worldwide that included seven Formation Classes, 22 Formation Subclasses, 39 Formation Groups, and 119 Formations. We assume that vegetation science will benefit from our unified EcoFloVCS through comparing and understanding community structures and functions on a global scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native shrub and plant diversity mitigate plant invasion in eastern China's humid grasslands","authors":"Linhan Zhang,&nbsp;Xiulian Chi,&nbsp;Mingyao Sun,&nbsp;Xuechun Chen,&nbsp;Shan Lan,&nbsp;Yiwei Zhang,&nbsp;Xiangyan Su,&nbsp;Chun-guang Tang,&nbsp;Qinggang Wang","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the factors influencing plant invasions is essential for effective prevention and control actions. However, the relative importance of the biotic resistance, resource availability, and propagule pressures on invasive plants in fragmented grasslands of humid and semi-humid regions remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Locations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shandong Province, eastern coastal China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study is based on community composition and soil nutrient data from 42 grassland plots of 30 × 30 m surveyed between 2021 and 2022. In each plot, we sampled six sub-plots of 2 × 2 m, totaling 24 m². We used beta regressions and general linear models to examine the coverage, relative coverage and relative richness of invasive plants in relation to community structure (such as richness and coverage of native shrubs, species richness, phylogenetic diversity and functional traits of native herbaceous plant), macroclimate, soil nutrients and human activities. Partial regressions and Random Forest analyses were used to assess the relative importance of different predictors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The coverage, relative coverage and relative richness of invasive plants decreased with the richness and coverage of shrubs, but increased with phylogenetic diversity of native herbaceous plant. Community structure factors, particularly shrub richness and coverage, exhibited higher relative importance on invasive-plant performance compared to other variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate that diversity–invasibility relationships are sensitive to the choice of diversity index. Overall, native shrubs within the local community play a crucial role in buffering against the spread and establishment of invasive plants in humid grasslands, underscoring the significance of biotic resistance in plant invasion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of extensive grazing and mowing compared to abandonment on the biodiversity of European grasslands: A meta-analysis","authors":"Andrea R. Schneider,&nbsp;Daniel Hering","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extensively managed grasslands play a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity by providing habitats for a wide range of plant and animal species. The most common management is either grazing or mowing, or grasslands are abandoned. The differential effects of these management or abandoning schemes on biodiversity patterns of extensively managed grasslands have not yet been systematically evaluated with a large number of available case studies. We aimed to identify by a meta-analysis the best option for biodiversity in extensively managed grassland in Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for publications that appeared before 31 January 2024 and that reported the effects of management schemes on biodiversity patterns of extensively managed grassland. Out of 971 original records, 54 full-text articles were included in the final analysis. We extracted values for mean, SD and sample size of species numbers and calculated Hedge's <i>g</i> to rate treatment effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extensive management (grazing, mowing) increased species number compared to abandonment (effect size: Hedge's <i>g</i> = 1.30). For plant diversity, extensive management had a strong positive effect (<i>g</i> = 1.78), while the effect of grazing and mowing was minor for animal biodiversity (<i>g</i> = 0.03). The results were recognizably influenced by the investigated plot sizes. Small plots (&lt;10 m²) showed a much stronger effect (<i>g</i> = 2.19) than larger plots (<i>g</i> = 0.56). The type of extensive management, grazing or mowing, had no influence on the results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In line with results on grasslands in general, our results underline that biodiversity of extensively managed grasslands benefits from extensive grazing or mowing. Although abandonment had a negligible effect on animal species richness, the effect on vegetation was strong. The low effect of abandonment on the fauna can be explained by the relatively short duration of the studies. The characteristics of grassland were still present, and it had not turned into forest. Extensive grazing or mowing are therefore the best options for grassland managed for conservation purposes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of montane grasslands in central Argentina","authors":"Sebastián R. Zeballos,&nbsp;Juan José Cantero,&nbsp;Melisa A. Giorgis,&nbsp;Alicia T. R. Acosta,&nbsp;César O. Núñez,&nbsp;M. Virginia Palchetti,&nbsp;Daihana S. Argibay,&nbsp;Marcelo R. Cabido","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We address the following questions: (1) which are the main plant communities in montane grasslands in central Argentina; (2) do those communities differ in terms of floristic composition, endemisms, chorotypes and life forms; and (3) which are the major environmental variables (climatic, topographic and edaphic) associated with the heterogeneity of the vegetation?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pampean Mountains (Sierras Pampeanas), Córdoba Province, central Argentina, an area of ca. 37,000 km².</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survey was based on a data set comprising 746 relevés and 822 vascular plant species, collected in accordance with the Braun-Blanquet sampling method. The data were classified using the hierarchical ISOmetric feature mapping and Partitioning Around Medoids, and ordinated through isometric feature mapping (ISOPAM). The environmental variables were related to the ISOPAM ordination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ISOPAM classification identified two clusters, five vegetation types and 17 plant communities, which were distributed across different elevations. There were notable differences in the diagnostic species, average percentages of endemic species, chorotypes and life forms among the various vegetation types and plant communities. The primary gradient in grassland vegetation was found to be associated with elevation and related climatic variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study provides valuable insights into the montane grasslands of the Sierras Pampeanas in central Argentina. It presents a comprehensive classification of the region's grasslands, including tall tussock grasslands, humid grasslands, stony grasslands, and grasslands with scattered shrubs and trees. Each recognized unit is distinguished by diagnostic species and a distinct floristic composition. Our findings emphasize a significant division between grasslands at higher elevation, abundant in Andean species, and Piedmont and shrubby grasslands at lower elevations, characterized by a higher prevalence of Chacoan and other Neotropical species. Grassland vegetation in other regions of the Sierras Pampeanas remains poorly studied, requiring additional research to determine the syntaxonomic position of this vegetation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of spatial models and maps for tree species diversity and biomass in a miombo ecosystem, western Tanzania","authors":"Adrienne B. Chitayat,&nbsp;Matthew Lewis,&nbsp;Moses Anyelwisye,&nbsp;Gabriel S. Laizer,&nbsp;Fiona A. Stewart,&nbsp;Serge A. Wich,&nbsp;Alex K. Piel","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Miombo, a prominent dry forest formation, holds ecological importance for both humans and wildlife. Trees are a driving force behind miombo dynamics, thus, spatially explicit metrics of tree cover are essential for evaluating habitat characteristics, resource availability, and environmental change. We developed predictive models and maps of tree species diversity and biomass within a previously undescribed landscape.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mahale Mountains National Park (MMNP), Greater Mahale Ecosystem (GME), Tanzania.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We created models of tree density, basal area, tree species richness, and tree diversity according to the Shannon Diversity Index. We created a predictive model using an ensemble modeling approach using plot-based data from MMNP and predictor variables derived from satellite data associated with climate, habitat structure, plant productivity, and topography. We assessed predictor importance across models and produced maps based on model predictions and compared them to land cover type and protective status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results revealed strong positive correlations between tree metrics (<i>r</i> ≥ 0.70) and substantial overlap in the selection and relative importance of predictors. Canopy height was the most important predictor across models, followed by climate and topography predictors associated with energy. Predictors derived from the soil-adjusted vegetation index were also valuable. Model performances ranged from <i>R</i>² values of 0.45 to 0.55, with tree density performing best. Maps show high tree species diversity and biomass in protected areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study and the maps it produced provide a baseline for land management and future modeling efforts in the GME. Our results highlight the contribution of a wide variety of environmental predictors and the importance of a select few. We confirmed the importance of the current protected area network where conservation efforts align, and help sustain, an abundance and diversity of trees. Current and historical disturbance-related predictors should be considered to address remaining unexplained variance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed rain as a propagule source for restoration of semi-arid floodplain old fields","authors":"Peta Zivec,&nbsp;Jaiden Johnston-Bates","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Revegetation of the world's abandoned agricultural land (old fields) is vital to promote biodiversity and restore ecosystem services. Natural regeneration, whereby vegetation regrows on its own via the propagules already within the landscape, is a cost-effective restoration approach for old fields. It is vital that we understand how different seed sources contribute to the regenerative capacity of old fields to make informed management decisions. Little is known about seed rain as a propagule source for restoration within semi-arid floodplains of eastern Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within this study, we examined seed rain and extant vegetation in old fields and paired remnant sites across four regions in the northern Murray–Darling Basin, eastern Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seed rain was surveyed using seed traps that were then subjected to a seedling emergence experiment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minimal differences in seed rain composition, species richness, abundance, and plant functional groups were observed between old-field and remnant sites, indicating similarities in seed dispersal within both land use histories. Larger distances to remnant patches and mean annual rainfall were found to drive the composition of old field's seed rain. The study found few emerged <i>Eucalyptus</i> seedlings despite seed traps being placed during peak seed release periods, which may be due to poor tree conditions from drought, interference with seed traps and the episodic germination requirements of <i>Eucalyptus coolabah</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates that seed rain can contribute to the natural regeneration of understorey vegetation, with low abundances of exotic species, unlike other seed bank types. However, seed rain composition resembled little of the extant vegetation, suggesting a species pool facing barriers to germination and establishment, but likely linked to bet-hedging strategies. Moving forward to promote natural regeneration via seed rain in old fields, protecting existing patches of vegetation within the landscape is vital to enable biotic connectivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}