Applied Vegetation Science最新文献

{"title":"Seed rain as a propagule source for restoration of semi-arid floodplain old fields","authors":"Peta Zivec,&nbsp;Jaiden Johnston-Bates","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Revegetation of the world's abandoned agricultural land (old fields) is vital to promote biodiversity and restore ecosystem services. Natural regeneration, whereby vegetation regrows on its own via the propagules already within the landscape, is a cost-effective restoration approach for old fields. It is vital that we understand how different seed sources contribute to the regenerative capacity of old fields to make informed management decisions. Little is known about seed rain as a propagule source for restoration within semi-arid floodplains of eastern Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within this study, we examined seed rain and extant vegetation in old fields and paired remnant sites across four regions in the northern Murray–Darling Basin, eastern Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seed rain was surveyed using seed traps that were then subjected to a seedling emergence experiment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minimal differences in seed rain composition, species richness, abundance, and plant functional groups were observed between old-field and remnant sites, indicating similarities in seed dispersal within both land use histories. Larger distances to remnant patches and mean annual rainfall were found to drive the composition of old field's seed rain. The study found few emerged <i>Eucalyptus</i> seedlings despite seed traps being placed during peak seed release periods, which may be due to poor tree conditions from drought, interference with seed traps and the episodic germination requirements of <i>Eucalyptus coolabah</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates that seed rain can contribute to the natural regeneration of understorey vegetation, with low abundances of exotic species, unlike other seed bank types. However, seed rain composition resembled little of the extant vegetation, suggesting a species pool facing barriers to germination and establishment, but likely linked to bet-hedging strategies. Moving forward to promote natural regeneration via seed rain in old fields, protecting existing patches of vegetation within the landscape is vital to enable biotic connectivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the feasibility of using plant-specific metabarcoding to assess forest types from soil eDNA","authors":"Maria Ariza,&nbsp;Mari Engelstad,&nbsp;Eva Lieungh,&nbsp;Marcele Laux,&nbsp;Jonathan Ready,&nbsp;Quentin Mauvisseau,&nbsp;Rune Halvorsen,&nbsp;Hugo J. de Boer","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12806","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An essential aspect of variation in natural systems is that species respond to complex environmental gradients. Recognizing plant composition gradients associated with abiotic factors (ecoclines) can be foundational for defining habitat types, which, in turn, helps map natural variation. Typically, ecoclinal structures are assessed through visual evaluation of above-ground vegetation and analysis of covarying abiotic factors. However, the correlation between ecological structures detected by soil eDNA plant assessments and those identified by visual assessment remains largely unexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hvaler archipelago, southern Norway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant diversity assessments were conducted using metabarcoding of the trnL (UUA) intron p6 loop and ITS2 from 31 soil samples collected across six forest types. These forest types span gradients related to drought risk and calcium richness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The barcode amplicons identified 70 plant taxa, primarily vascular plants (67), with most assigned to the species level (59), representing common forest taxa across the sites. Comparisons between soil eDNA compositions and theoretical forest-type compositions showed a low to medium correspondence (26% to 76%) between the two. Ordinations of soil eDNA compositions revealed two axes without clear ecological interpretation and correlated poorly with the calcium–richness gradient previously identified by visual assessments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, our results emphasize the necessity for comprehensive sequence reference libraries to conduct thorough plant biodiversity assessments. They also highlight the potential of soil eDNA to assess plant composition, which can aid in ecosystem mapping.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trajectories of plant functional traits in mediterranean grasslands under different grazing regimes","authors":"Nour Al Hajj,&nbsp;Alessandro Bricca,&nbsp;Maria Carmela Caria,&nbsp;Stéphanie Gascòn,&nbsp;Giovanna Piga,&nbsp;Antonio Pulina,&nbsp;Giovanni Rivieccio,&nbsp;George Hassoun,&nbsp;Gianmaria Bonari,&nbsp;Simonetta Bagella","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12807","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mediterranean grasslands are semi-natural ecosystems that have been affected by land-use intensification and abandonment during the past decades. Adaptative multi-paddock grazing regimes, where grazing alternates with long periods of vegetation recovery, have been proposed as a more biodiversity-friendly management compared with continuous grazing. This study aimed to compare the effect of these two different grazing regimes on a set of plant traits in mediterranean grassland vegetation over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Central part of Sardinia (Italy) at 350 m a.s.l. in a permanent grassland system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We applied the point quadrat method to quantify the specific contribution of each species along permanent transects in spring and winter from 2018 to 2022. We considered the following plant traits: leaf dry matter content, life forms, flowering start and length of flowering. Overall, we performed 128 surveys and measured traits for 61 species. We ran a linear mixed model to test the effect of season, grazing regimes and years on functional diversity and community-weighted mean for single traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adaptative multi-paddock regimes over time increased the leaf dry matter content. However, compared with grazing regimes, seasonality through time had the greatest effect on flowering traits and life forms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relatively small variation in the plant traits suggests that the mediterranean grassland was rather stable despite wide variation in grazing regimes, probably linked to their long history of human association. Nonetheless, adaptative multi-paddock regimes may have higher beneficial effects compared with continuous grazing, favouring more palatable species and improving soil fertility. By contrast, the high variation in the plant traits over time suggests a high vulnerability of the same grassland to climatic changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native species identity drives plant community growth and biotic resistance","authors":"Elana V. Feldman,&nbsp;Timothy E. Walsworth,&nbsp;Karin M. Kettenring","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12808","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding drivers of biotic resistance has important implications for ecological restoration. Two potential drivers of biotic resistance that restoration practitioners can manipulate are native plant diversity and seeding density. Here we examined the effects of native plant species identity, native functional evenness, native seeding density and presence of <i>Phragmites australis</i> (a prolific invader in North America) on the growth of native species and invasion resistance to <i>P. australis</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted two greenhouse experiments. In the first, native wetland species were grown in monoculture at one of two native seeding densities (1,938 pure live seed (PLS) per m² or 9,688 PLS/m²) with or without <i>P. australis</i>. In the second experiment, native wetland species were grown in mixtures that differed in functional evenness at two levels of native seeding density (1,938 PLS/m² or 9,688 PLS/m²) with or without <i>P. australis</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of these experiments show certain high-performing species drove final native and <i>P. australis</i> growth when tested individually, even overriding any effect of the functional evenness treatment when grown in mixtures. In addition, we found the effect of <i>P. australis</i> presence on native growth differed depending on the native identity and the growth metric measured (biomass, cover or intrinsic rate of growth). Finally, a higher native seeding density increased native growth and reduced <i>P. australis</i> growth, with the growth rate analysis yielding important insights into which species achieved these results fastest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results have three important implications for wetland restoration: (a) prioritize high-performing native species for invasion resistance rather than necessarily focusing on functional diversity; (b) account for the fact that native species will vary in their performance, often in unexpected ways, under different contexts; and (c) seed at a high native seeding density, potentially orders of magnitude higher than current restoration practice, to sufficiently increase native growth and biotic resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation dynamics following three decades of trophic rewilding in the mesic grasslands of Oostvaardersplassen","authors":"Ditte Dalsgaard Ejrnæs,&nbsp;Bernard Olivier,&nbsp;Elisabeth Suzanna Bakker,&nbsp;Perry Cornelissen,&nbsp;Rasmus Ejrnæs,&nbsp;Christian Smit,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Svenning","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12805","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is increasing interest in open-ended restoration with the focus on restoring natural processes rather than static compositional goals. Here, we investigated vegetation dynamics in response to three decades of trophic rewilding with large herbivores in a recent anthropogenic, fertile 55-km² landscape on reclaimed marine sediments. This site provides important insights into plant community assembly in rewilded, young ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oostvaardersplassen, the Netherlands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using field surveys and vegetation data spanning two decades, we investigate vegetation dynamics of the mesic grasslands in Oostvaardersplassen, a pioneer trophic rewilding site in the Netherlands. To identify the effects of grazing and other ecological processes, we include comparisons to an adjacent ungrazed control site and to the dark diversity, that is, missing species expected to be present given the environment and geography.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The impact of large herbivores has led to a more open and homogenous vegetation with higher plant species richness in the mesic grasslands of Oostvaardersplassen compared to the ungrazed control. Compared to species in the dark diversity, the species present are more common in the region, more stress-tolerant, and less competitive, in line with joint effects of grazing and immigrational lag.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The changes in vegetation composition and structure show that rewilding with large herbivores promotes the prevalence of stress-tolerant and low-statured plant species, which are in decline in the broader landscape while reducing the dominance of otherwise widespread, competition-adapted species. The absence of numerous rare species suggests that dispersal limitation poses an important constraint for the diversity build-up in anthropogenically isolated natural areas, necessitating active species introductions to mitigate this issue in the short to medium term.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring seed density and limiting similarity to reduce invasive grass performance for grassland restoration purposes","authors":"Pedro Augusto Thomas,&nbsp;Elise Buisson,&nbsp;Gerhard Ernst Overbeck,&nbsp;Sandra Cristina Müller","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12804","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Control of invasive species and seed addition are key steps in grassland restoration. Nevertheless, selecting seed mixes and seed quantities are hard tasks in restoration projects. An interesting idea is to design seed mixes using functional traits and create a community based on limiting similarity to overlap and outcompete the invader. We aimed to test the effect of two sown communities (one created to overlap the invader niche) and three seed sowing densities to reduce the performance of the invasive grass <i>Eragrostis plana</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Greenhouse experiment in the <i>Campos Sulinos</i> grasslands region, Southern Brazil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We created a bifactorial experiment. The first factor was the sown community, each composed of nine native grasses but with different proportions: (1) Limiting, based on limiting similarity, and (2) Balanced, where all species were sown at the same seed weight. We used leaf functional traits (Specific leaf area, leaf area, leaf dry matter content ) to design the Limiting community. The second factor was the seed density of native species, sowing twice (1) 1 g/m², (2) 2 g/m², and (3) 4 g/m² (i.e., total density was 2, 4, and 8 g/m²). <i>E. plana</i> was sown once at 0.5 g/m². Above-ground and below-ground biomass of all species were collected after nine months to assess the treatment effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biomass production of the invasive species was lower when sown with native species. Nevertheless, both sown communities did not differently affect the invasive biomass production. Higher seed density of native species resulted in lower invasive above-ground biomass, but not below-ground biomass. Three native species did not germinate, consequently, the established communities were quite different from those designed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The low species germination limited our discussion about the use of limiting similarity to design seed mixes. High seed sowing density is a better approach when defining sowing strategies to compete with invasive grasses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep-learning framework for enhancing habitat identification based on species composition","authors":"César Leblanc,&nbsp;Pierre Bonnet,&nbsp;Maximilien Servajean,&nbsp;Milan Chytrý,&nbsp;Svetlana Aćić,&nbsp;Olivier Argagnon,&nbsp;Ariel Bergamini,&nbsp;Idoia Biurrun,&nbsp;Gianmaria Bonari,&nbsp;Juan A. Campos,&nbsp;Andraž Čarni,&nbsp;Renata Ćušterevska,&nbsp;Michele De Sanctis,&nbsp;Jürgen Dengler,&nbsp;Emmanuel Garbolino,&nbsp;Valentin Golub,&nbsp;Ute Jandt,&nbsp;Florian Jansen,&nbsp;Maria Lebedeva,&nbsp;Jonathan Lenoir,&nbsp;Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund,&nbsp;Aaron Pérez-Haase,&nbsp;Remigiusz Pielech,&nbsp;Jozef Šibík,&nbsp;Zvjezdana Stančić,&nbsp;Angela Stanisci,&nbsp;Grzegorz Swacha,&nbsp;Domas Uogintas,&nbsp;Kiril Vassilev,&nbsp;Thomas Wohlgemuth,&nbsp;Alexis Joly","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12802","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The accurate classification of habitats is essential for effective biodiversity conservation. The goal of this study was to harness the potential of deep learning to advance habitat identification in Europe. We aimed to develop and evaluate models capable of assigning vegetation-plot records to the habitats of the European Nature Information System (EUNIS), a widely used reference framework for European habitat types.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The framework was designed for use in Europe and adjacent areas (e.g., Anatolia, Caucasus).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We leveraged deep-learning techniques, such as transformers (i.e., models with attention components able to learn contextual relations between categorical and numerical features) that we trained using spatial &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;-fold cross-validation (CV) on vegetation plots sourced from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA), to show that they have great potential for classifying vegetation-plot records. We tested different network architectures, feature encodings, hyperparameter tuning and noise addition strategies to identify the optimal model. We used an independent test set from the National Plant Monitoring Scheme (NPMS) to evaluate its performance and compare its results against the traditional expert systems.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Exploration of the use of deep learning applied to species composition and plot-location criteria for habitat classification led to the development of a framework containing a wide range of models. Our selected algorithm, applied to European habitat types, significantly improved habitat classification accuracy, achieving a more than twofold improvement compared to the previous state-of-the-art (SOTA) method on an external data set, clearly outperforming expert systems. The framework is shared and maintained through a GitHub repository.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our results demonstrate the potential benefits of the adoption of deep learning for improving the accuracy of vegetation classification. They highlight the importance of incorporating advanced technologies into habitat monitoring. These algorithms have shown to be better suited for habitat type prediction than expert systems. They push the accuracy score on a database containing hundreds of thousands of standardized presence/absence European surveys to 88.74%, as assessed by expert judgment. F","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring plant functional specialization in urban environments with Grime's CSR strategies","authors":"Mara Di Giulio,&nbsp;Zdeňka Lososová,&nbsp;Marta Carboni,&nbsp;Carlo Ricotta","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12803","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Specialization refers to the degree of niche breadth of a species. Generalist species are able to persist in a broad range of habitats, whereas specialist species are adapted to a restricted range of environmental conditions. Cities host a great heterogeneity of habitats with variable degrees of human impact. This is generally reflected in the functional composition of the urban floras. The aim of our study is thus to explore whether the degree of functional specialization of urban plant assemblages varies among habitats subject to different degrees of human impact and disturbance regimes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-two cities in Central Europe with more than 100,000 inhabitants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a data set containing plots of urban floras sampled in seven habitat types within each city: historical city square, boulevard, residential area with a compact building pattern, residential area with an open building pattern, city park, early successional site, and mid-successional site. These habitats differ in the level of human impact, ranging from moderately urbanized suburban habitats to the most urbanized habitats in the city center. For each plot, we calculated a recently introduced specialization index, which is based on the application of concentration measures to Grime's community-level mean CSR strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Along the urbanization gradient, from peripheral to central habitats, we observed a marked intensification in the degree of functional specialization of urban habitats, which is primarily attributable to an increase in the selection of ruderal species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urban ecosystems are characterized by a wide variety of human impacts that affect the functioning of the resident species. Considering cities as heterogeneous systems is thus of paramount importance for understanding the mechanisms that drive the assembly of urban floras.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating invasive species using biochar derived from invasive plants in saline-alkaline wetland plant communities dominated by Amaranthus palmeri","authors":"Shuting Yin,&nbsp;Xiaofang Wang,&nbsp;Zirui Meng,&nbsp;Xunqiang Mo,&nbsp;Mengxuan He,&nbsp;Jie Liu","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12801","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Effective prevention and management of biological invasions are crucial. One promising approach involves introducing biochar to invaded plant communities to modify interspecific relationships among invasive and native plants, ultimately aiding in the suppression of invasive species. This study aimed to explore the effects of invasive-plant biochar on an established invaded plant community.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tianjin coastal saline-alkaline wetland, China (38°46′ N, 117°34′ E).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Invaded plant communities were established using soils from an <i>Amaranthus palmeri-</i>invaded wetland with an intact seed bank, incorporating invasive-plant biochar derived from <i>A</i>. <i>palmeri</i> and <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> into the soil at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% addition rates (m/m). Plant above-ground biomass, height, stem diameter, abundance, <i>α</i>/<i>β</i>-diversity, niche breadth, and species co-occurrence networks were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The addition of invasive-plant biochar significantly decreased the performance measures of the invaded plant community. The biochar addition rate had a more substantial impact on plant community structure than the type of biochar used. There was a decrease in the abundance of <i>A. palmeri</i> and an increase in native plants across most treatments, with <i>S. alterniflora</i> biochar exhibiting a more pronounced effect compared to <i>A. palmeri</i> biochar. Invasive-plant biochar affected the niche breadth of <i>A. palmeri</i> and other dominant native species, particularly at higher addition rates, resulting in reduced niche overlap. At a 5% addition rate, <i>A. palmeri</i> and <i>S. alterniflora</i> biochar had contrasting effects on the complexity of interspecific relationships within the plant community. Phylogenetic <i>β</i>-diversities were significantly correlated with the biochar addition rate and stochastic processes primarily governed plant community assembly across all treatments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings underscore the potential of biochar derived from invasive plants to mitigate the impact of invasive species on saline-alkaline wetland plant communities dominated by <i>A. palmeri</i>. This approach offers a promising avenue for managing biological invasions and restoring native plant species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking trends of habitat types and plant species using repeated habitat mapping data","authors":"Lina Lüttgert,&nbsp;Florian Jansen,&nbsp;Rico Kaufmann,&nbsp;Gunnar Seidler,&nbsp;Axel Wedler,&nbsp;Helge Bruelheide","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12799","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trends in the extent of habitat types and species frequencies might not follow a simple pattern. However, data that are able to link those trends are scarce. Here, we use data from a repeated habitat mapping program to test consistency between habitat type and species change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Federal state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We derived temporal trends over several decades concerning: (a) the extent of all protected habitat types across the state, (b) plant species across the state, and (c) plant species within habitat types. We tested the consistency between trends in the extent of every protected habitat type with trends of those species that prefer that particular habitat type, as well as with mean trends of all species that occur within that particular habitat type.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that, on average, most protected habitat types decreased in area, with the exception of forests, which showed positive trends. Species analysis showed positive trends for species preferring the habitat types scrubs, copses and field hedges, as well as bog, carr, swamp and alluvial forests. By contrast, negative trends were found for species preferring the habitat types heaths and semi-natural grasslands, meadows and pastures. While non-native species increased, species that were considered endangered decreased. A species’ trend across Baden-Württemberg mostly followed the trend of the species’ preferred habitat type. However, within some habitat types, the mean species’ trend did not follow the trend of those habitat types’ extent. Decreasing species within habitat types were especially those that preferred each particular habitat type.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results point to an ongoing turnover of floristic composition, and thus to changes in habitat quality within habitat types. This implies that future monitoring programs should track temporal trends of both habitat types and the species occurring in these habitat types as a measure of habitat quality, because they can show diverging trends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141994266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}