Applied Vegetation Science最新文献

{"title":"Patch-Burn Grazing Increased Structural Heterogeneity in Southwestern North Dakota Rangelands","authors":"Jonathan W. Spiess,&nbsp;Devan Allen McGranahan,&nbsp;Torre Hovick,&nbsp;Marisol Berti,&nbsp;Caley Gasch,&nbsp;Benjamin Geaumont","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Persistent land use change throughout the North American Great Plains increases the need to maintain and improve ecosystem service delivery from remaining rangelands to meet production and conservation goals. Vegetation structure is an ecosystem property influenced by management that has site selection and use implications for wildlife and livestock. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of patch-burn grazing to increase structural heterogeneity on semi-arid post-Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands in southwestern North Dakota.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hettinger Research Extension Center in Hettinger, North Dakota.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We surveyed plant community composition and structural characteristics in patch-burn grazing pastures during the 2017–2020 summer grazing seasons. Three pastures were stocked with cow-calf pairs and three were stocked with sheep. We also surveyed structural characteristics on units with conventional management (hay or idle) for active and post-CRP enrolled grasslands during the summers of 2018–2020. We tested for vegetative and structural differences between patches with varying time since fire and between grazer types on patch-burn pastures using mixed-effect models and ordination. We used variance partitioning to determine if structural contrast on patch-burn pastures increased over the study period and if structural contrast was higher on patch-burn grazing pastures relative to conventional management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Time since fire was significant for all structural characteristics, with recently burned patches being different from other patches. There were no structural differences between cattle and sheep pastures, but forb and legume cover were lower in sheep pastures. Structural contrast on patch-burn pastures increased over the study and was greater than conventional management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased structural heterogeneity is important for supporting a broad suite of rangeland wildlife and can stabilize forage production. This study supports the expectation that patch-burn grazing with moderate stocking rates will increase structural contrast regardless of grazer type, but practitioners should consider which suites of species that management may benefit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) Generate Grazing Lawns and Maintain Plant Diversity in Neotropical Savanna","authors":"Julia C. Mata,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Svenning,&nbsp;Renata Nicora Chequín,&nbsp;Marcos Davalos,&nbsp;Roberto Salas,&nbsp;Ayrton Vucko,&nbsp;Robert Buitenwerf","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herbivores can exert strong top-down control on vegetation structure and composition, which in turn can affect overall biodiversity and ecosystem processes. However, South American megafauna was largely driven to extinction in recent prehistory, and remaining species have suffered severe range reductions from human actions. The potential role of South American megafauna in shaping vegetation therefore remains unclear. We examined herbivore-driven top-down control of the vegetation, particularly impacts on plant diversity, structure and functional composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Iberá Wetlands, Corrientes, Argentina.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We set up an herbivore exclosure experiment in a restoration area with 10 wild large-herbivore species. We compared vegetation dynamics in fenced plots with paired control plots to which herbivores had full access. Replicate plot pairs were established in three grassland types: characterized as short, medium-tall and tall grasslands. Grass height, plant biomass, functional types and community composition were measured at the start of the experiment and after 6, 13 and 18 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that in short and medium-tall grasslands, herbaceous biomass and grass height increased significantly in no-grazing plots, while species richness decreased. Similarly, community dissimilarity between paired grazed and ungrazed plots increased over time for short and medium-tall grasslands. Camera trap images revealed that capybara (<i>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</i>) was the dominant grazer on the grazed plots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show a strong impact of native herbivores on the structure and composition of South American savannas akin to African grazing lawns, with higher plant species richness and dominance of grazing-tolerant growth forms. These results imply that South American grassy ecosystems, despite severely reduced herbivore richness and density, have retained plant taxa and functional trait complexes that tolerate intense herbivory. Further, they also show that herbivory can still play an important role in maintaining their plant diversity. The conservation and restoration of South American grassy ecosystems are likely to benefit from restoring functional grazing regimes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Abundance of Boreal Foundation Species: The Impact of Forest Structure, Soils, and Legacy Effects on Ericaceous Shrubs","authors":"Per-Ola Hedwall,&nbsp;Annika Felton,&nbsp;Karin Öhman,&nbsp;Laura Juvany,&nbsp;Jörg Brunet","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dwarf shrubs <i>Calluna vulgaris</i>, <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i>, and <i>V. vitis-idaea</i> are functionally important species in boreal forest, driving ecosystem processes and delivering multiple ecosystem services. Their dependency on previous and present land-use calls for tools to estimate the outcomes of different forest management strategies on their abundance. Here we built models for estimating their cover as a response to forest structure, soils, and legacy effects, with the ultimate target to be used in decision support systems to be able to adapt future management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sweden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We fitted Generalized Linear Mixed Models with beta error distribution, and accounting for zero-inflation, based on data (<i>n</i> &gt; 2800) on plant cover, forest structure, and soils from the Swedish National Forest Inventory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The resulting best models include forest density and tree species composition, and their interaction effects, likely governing the light availability in the forest understory for all three species. These models also included soil fertility indicated by the C:N ratio, the age of the forest as an indicator of time since disturbance, and the cover of the focal species 10 years earlier to account for legacy and time-lag effects. Although these variables were important for the model predictions of all three species, there were interspecific differences in the response due to the stress tolerance of the species and their placement in the leaf economics spectrum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We show that it is possible to predict the cover of these species with higher accuracy (<i>R</i>² = 0.44–0.60) than previously has been achieved, using predictors available from for example, national forest inventories. Hence, our models will improve the estimations of the outcomes of different forest management strategies on the cover of these species. This will be important when weighing pros and cons for ecosystem functions and services, and thus imperative for sustainable forest management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grassland Changes in the Eastern Alps Over Four Decades: Unveiling Patterns Along an Elevation Gradient","authors":"Gianmaria Bonari,&nbsp;Alessandro Bricca,&nbsp;Giulia Tomasi,&nbsp;Lucio Dorigatti,&nbsp;Alessio Bertolli,&nbsp;Davide Andreatta,&nbsp;Francesco Maria Sabatini,&nbsp;Michele Di Musciano,&nbsp;Filippo Prosser","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70012","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aims&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Alpine valleys have faced escalating global changes in recent decades such as a decline of traditional management and rural expansion. Grasslands are likely the type of vegetation most affected by these transformations. This study investigates the multifaceted changes in plant diversity over the past four decades in a major valley of the Italian Eastern Alps and examines whether changes occurred uniformly across different elevations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Valsugana Valley, Eastern Alps, Italy.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In 2022, we resurveyed 115 vegetation plots (including vascular plants, mosses, and lichens) originally sampled in 1986–1988. Plots were collected in grasslands and span along an elevation gradient of 2000 m. At each time period, we automatically classified these plots using the EUNIS expert system of habitats. We analysed the variation over time in species richness, species diversity, beta diversity (turnover and nestedness), and relative proportion of life form, woodiness, and neophyte species along an elevation gradient, subdivided in low-, middle-, and high-elevation belts. Lastly, we quantified the number of gained, winning, stable, losing, and lost species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We found differences in the classification of EUNIS habitats and elevation-dependent changes in community diversity and composition. Many grassland types were transformed into other grassland types or into forests and man-made habitats. Species richness varied along the elevation gradient over time, being constant at lower elevations but markedly increasing at high elevations. Temporal turnover dominated across elevations, especially at lower sites, while nestedness components increased towards high elevations. Neophytes increased and hemicryptophytes decreased in the low-elevation belt, while therophytes and geophytes increased at low- and high-elevation belts. In the middle-elevation belt, many dry grassland species were replaced by nitrophilous and woody species. High-elevation witnessed species replacement with the loss of mountain species and the increase of therophyte and geophyte species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Grasslands of Valsugana valley have undergone substantial changes over four decades. Different processes likely acted across the elevation gradient. Nonetheless the driver, impoverishment of semi-natural grassla","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road-River Intersections (Bridges) Negatively Affect Plant Species Diversity and Ecological Attributes","authors":"Erica Rievrs Borges,&nbsp;Eduardo González-Sargas,&nbsp;Nicolas Casajus,&nbsp;Marta Carboni,&nbsp;David Bauman,&nbsp;Guillaume Fried,&nbsp;Lindsay Maskell,&nbsp;Alejandro Juarez Escario,&nbsp;Anne-Marie Planty-Tabacchi,&nbsp;Eric Tabacchi","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Linear habitats are terrestrial and aquatic corridors that can be natural or anthropogenic. Here we asked: how does the intersection of two types of linear habitats (roads and rivers) affect plant species diversity, composition and ecological attributes?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southern France.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied road-river intersections (bridges) to test how composition, alpha and beta diversity, and ecological preferences of species in both roadside and riverside plant communities responded to the influence of bridges. We also used spatial predictors (spatial eigenvector maps) to assess whether bridges influenced directional spatial processes (upstream-downstream river axis) structuring community composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We showed that vegetation around bridges differed from that away from bridges in terms of species composition and ecological preferences, and reduced alpha and beta diversities. We also found a convergence of species' ecological preferences in plant communities of rivers and roads at bridges. The turnover component of species beta diversity was lower at bridges, presumably due to different disturbance regimes, leading to biotic homogenization. However, our results show that the impact of bridges on directional spatial processes affecting species composition was negligible.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The strong effect of bridges as selecting forces of plant communities for both rivers and roads suggests bridges should not be overlooked. Our findings will help the development of more effective management of both types of linear habitats for the conservation of the plant species they host and the associated ecological functions and ecosystem services they provide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification and Characterization of Anthropogenic Plant Communities in the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Eduardo Fernández-Pascual,&nbsp;Víctor González-García,&nbsp;Greta Ivesdal,&nbsp;Adrián Lázaro-Lobo,&nbsp;Borja Jiménez-Alfaro","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Can we reconcile regional and European classifications of anthropogenic plant communities at the biogeographical scale? How are these communities characterized by species origins, traits and ecological preferences?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atlantic territories in the NW Iberian Peninsula (a.k.a. Cantabrian Mixed Forests ecoregion); south-western Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We classified 2508 plots with the aim of being consistent with regional phytosociological expertise, while matching that expertise with current EuroVegChecklist alliances. We used modified TWINSPAN to revise the original phytosociological classification, followed by semi-supervised re-classification of the whole dataset. We determined the proportion of natives, archaeophytes, and neophytes. We also described the alliances in terms of species traits (lifeforms, height, and flowering phenology) and ecological requirements (temperature, moisture, light, nutrients, soil reaction, disturbance frequency, and severity).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assigned 2086 vegetation plots to 25 anthropogenic alliances representing nine vegetation classes (<i>Cymbalario-Parietarietea diffusae</i>, <i>Polygono-Poetea annuae</i>, <i>Papaveretea rhoeadis</i>, <i>Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris</i>, <i>Chenopodietea</i>, <i>Sisymbrietea</i>, <i>Bidentetea</i>, <i>Artemisietea vulgaris</i>, and <i>Epilobietea angustifolii</i>). The plots included 1149 species: 78% natives, 15% archaeophytes and 7% neophytes. Vegetation groups were organized along a principal axis of abiotic stress (dry-sunny to moist-shady habitats) and a secondary axis of disturbance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the Iberian Atlantic territories, anthropogenic habitats host one third of the regional plant species pool and one fifth of the Iberian flora. Mesic perennial ruderal vegetation is especially rich in native species and can be a biodiversity asset in urban landscapes. Our biogeographical-level synthesis can improve the management of anthropogenic plant communities and contribute towards a European-level synthesis of human-made vegetation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Previous Coppice Management on Stand Structure and Vegetation Diversity of 9210* Habitat Beech Forests in the Central Apennines (Italy)","authors":"Alessandro Vitali,&nbsp;Giulio Tesei,&nbsp;Marina Allegrezza,&nbsp;Matteo Garbarino,&nbsp;Giorgio Iorio,&nbsp;Carlo Urbinati","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forests classified as Natura 2000 priority Habitat 9210* (Apennine beech forests with <i>Taxus baccata</i> and <i>Ilex aquifolium</i>) cover most of the European beech distribution along the Italian peninsula. Most of these forests have been coppiced for centuries until 60–70 years ago, and today, some are lapsed coppices and others in conversion to high forests. In both cases there is a lack of knowledge on the ongoing ecological dynamics, especially with regard of species composition changes, that is a base for their sustainable management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Central Apennines (Italy).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed forest structure and their impact on plant diversity from 50 plots in three sites where forests have been differently managed also in relation to their private, common or public ownership. We assessed the relationships between forest structure and understory plant diversity, applying multivariate statistical analysis and running regression models for estimating the influence of forest structure variables on species richness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We appraised the heterogeneity of the 9210* Apennines beech forests featuring five floristic-vegetation groups with cluster analysis in four structure stand types: lapsed coppices (LPC), coppices in conversion (CCO), two-layer coppices (TLC) and recolonized stored coppices (RSC). The Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination shows that CCO, the most common structural type investigated, is not clearly related to any specific variable. The best models suggested that the mean cambial age and tree height can positively predict all dependent richness variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The structural and compositional diversities of these forests require an innovative management approach integrating silvicultural options commonly considered divergent (coppice vs. high forests) for providing new ecosystem services and socioeconomic opportunities for local mountain communities, to support biodiversity, and to increase forest resilience to natural disturbances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Use of Taxon Names in Community Ecology","authors":"Milan Chytrý,&nbsp;Valério D. Pillar,&nbsp;Jodi N. Price,&nbsp;Viktoria Wagner","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vegetation science and community ecology focus on ecosystems composed of multiple species and other taxonomic ranks, such as subspecies. Scientific work in these fields requires accurate identification of these taxa in the field and recording them using standardized scientific names. However, as journal editors, we frequently encounter manuscripts where authors misunderstand taxonomic nomenclature, leading to errors and making articles challenging for readers to follow. Here, we highlight some practices that we believe should be improved for the benefit of vegetation science and community ecology.</p><p>Every year, the editors of <i>Applied Vegetation Science</i> select one article for the Editors' Award. For the year 2024, the award was bestowed on Lina Lüttgert for the article “Linking trends of habitat types and plant species using repeated habitat mapping data” (Lüttgert et al. <span>2024</span>). The ongoing changes in habitats and the abundance and distribution of species in landscapes are important research topics (Kapfer et al. <span>2017</span>; Knollová et al. <span>2024</span>). However, individual studies focus either on changes in habitat area (e.g., studies based on remote sensing) or on changes in habitat quality, such as the decline of characteristic or threatened species. It is usually assumed that the decline in habitat area correlates with the decline in habitat quality, but is this always the case? Lüttgert et al. (<span>2024</span>) used data from repeated habitat mapping and data on plant species occurrence from southwestern Germany over the last three decades and compared the changes in habitat area with changes in species occurrence. They found that in some habitats, such as grasslands, the decline in habitat area is correlated with the decline in species characteristic of that habitat. However, this is not always the case. For example, the area of deciduous forests in southwestern Germany increased, but the abundance of the deciduous forest's characteristic species decreased. An important lesson from this study is that conclusions based on the assessment of changes in habitat quantity cannot be interpreted as changes in habitat quality.</p><p>There were other articles worthy of consideration. Rivas, Guerrero-Casado, and Navarro-Cerrillo (<span>2024</span>) also assessed changes in vegetation over the last three decades, but they focused on the fragmentation and functional connectivity of seasonally dry forests in Ecuador. They found that the loss of forest area was 30%, while the loss of connectivity was 75%. Based on their findings, they proposed a new reforestation plan that prioritizes areas where reforestation would improve functional connectivity.</p><p>Another interesting paper was the meta-analysis by Berto, Ritchie, and Erickson (<span>2024</span>), which looked at the effects of seed enhancement technologies such as acid treatment, coating, pelleting, flash flaming and priming on germination, emergence, shoot ","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Heat Shock Effects on Seedling Emergence and Seed Bank Viability in 18 Colombian Dry Forest Species","authors":"José David Barras Rodriguez,&nbsp;Bladimir Zuñiga Cespedes,&nbsp;Jeiner de Jesus Castellanos Barliza","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High temperatures during forest fires can cause significant damage to tropical dry forest areas and alter their ecological stability, particularly by affecting seed viability and seedling emergence. This study evaluates the seedling emergence response of 18 dry forest species to fire-simulated temperatures, aiming to assess their potential for restoration in fire-prone Colombian ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The seeds used in this study were obtained from three tropical dry forests in Colombia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 9832 seeds from 18 dry forest species were collected directly from the soil seed bank in three tropical dry forests in Colombia. These seeds were then exposed to simulated forest fire temperatures (100°C, 150°C, and 200°C) for 10 min. Seed viability was analyzed using the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reagent (tetrazolium test) and assessed using a generalized linear model. Seedling emergence and mean emergence time were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with temperature treatments as factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study revealed that seedling emergence significantly decreased with higher heat shock temperatures. Notably, <i>Hura crepitans</i> and <i>Parkinsonia aculeata</i> tolerated temperatures up to 100°C, while <i>Caesalpinia pulcherrima</i> and <i>Enterolobium cyclocarpum</i> showed increased emergence at that temperature. Based on their emergence responses, species were classified as stimulated, tolerant, sensitive, or vulnerable. Seed viability declined with rising temperatures, and the mean emergence time increased in species like <i>Cordia alba</i>, <i>Crescentia cujete</i>, and <i>Lonchocarpus violaceus</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study shows that heat shocks at 150°C and 200°C significantly reduced seed bank viability for most Colombian dry forest species. However, <i>Caesalpinia pulcherrima</i> and <i>Enterolobium cyclocarpum</i> were stimulated by 100°C heat shocks, while <i>Hura crepitans</i> and <i>Parkinsonia aculeata</i> showed no adverse effects. Vulnerable species like <i>Coccoloba acuminata</i> and <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> exhibited no viable seeds at higher temperatures, suggesting potential local extinctions. These results emphasize the need to focus on heat-tolerant species for restoration efforts in fire-prone ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understorey vegetation response to post-tornado salvage logging","authors":"Colby Bosley-Smith,&nbsp;Anthony W. D'Amato,&nbsp;Nicole S. Rogers,&nbsp;Nava Tabak,&nbsp;Shawn Fraver","doi":"10.1111/avsc.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>How does salvage logging alter understorey vegetation composition? To what extent does abundance of recalcitrant understorey species influence conifer tree regeneration? How does salvage logging influence microclimate conditions?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scientific Forest Management Area, Baxter State Park, Maine, USA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2013, a rare tornado and subsequent salvage operation created three clear “treatments” for evaluation of post-disturbance understorey community response: blowdown, blowdown followed by salvage logging and an undisturbed forested control. Ten years post tornado, we inventoried understorey vegetation at 10 sampling points within each of these treatments. We installed automated sensors to track temperature and soil moisture throughout a growing season and used hemispherical photographs to characterize canopy openness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination based on species importance values indicated distinct species groupings according to treatment, with the salvage treatment supporting a higher abundance of the recalcitrant species, <i>Rubus idaeus</i> and <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i>. Abundance of conifer regeneration was notably lower in areas with high abundance of <i>Rubus idaeus</i> or <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i>. Daily soil surface temperature fluctuations and canopy openness (both factors that influence seed germination) decreased in the order salvage &gt; blowdown &gt; control. Ordination results suggest that these two factors were the primary drivers of the observed compositional differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study furthers our understanding of the interactions among disturbance, microclimate, and understorey communities, highlighting the need for increased consideration of long-term effects on vegetation development following salvage logging. Our findings support recommendations to intermingle salvage patches within blowdown areas to promote landscape heterogeneity and species diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}