Restoration of invaded temperate grasslands: species phenology adds to microsite and seed availability

IF 2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Applied Vegetation Science Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI:10.1111/avsc.12742

Cecilia D. Molina, Pedro M. Tognetti, Pamela Graff

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Questions

Restoring diversity in temperate grasslands requires eliminating invaders and recovering different native phenological groups. Clipping and seed addition promote native grass recovery, but these effects could depend on the phenological overlap between invaders and native species. We evaluated the importance of the interaction between two types of clipping, species phenology and sowing to restore temperate grasslands invaded by the cool-season forage species Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue).

Location

Flooding Pampa grassland (Buenos Aires, Argentina).

Methods

We applied selective and non-selective clipping on tall fescue during the peak growing season, combined with the sowing of native cool- and warm-season grasses. Plant species cover was estimated visually for 3 years; species were categorized by functional groups. Moreover, through emergence trials, we evaluated whether the soil seed bank had been impoverished by invasion.

Results

Regardless of selectivity, clipping decreased tall fescue cover by 12%/year, which reduced microsite limitation. Consequently, total native richness increased by 5 spp./year and cover increased from 3% to 50% by the last experimental year, independent of clipping type. Moreover, native warm-season grasses, the group with the least phenological overlap with invaders, increased by nearly 25% in cover and by 5 spp./m² with clipping and independently of sowing. Contrarily, native cool-season grasses, with more phenological overlap with invaders, increased 5% with propagule addition. Furthermore, the seed bank was enriched with tall fescue and depleted of cool-season grasses.

Conclusions

Our results reveal that overcoming microsite limitation is a necessary condition to restore plant diversity in grassland invaded by tall fescue. Nevertheless, seed limitation and phenological overlap may be particularly important to restore the diversity of some native functional groups of plants. Considering the phenology of species can help to identify either clipping targets or phenological groups to be sown when restoring native diversity.

Abstract Image

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入侵温带草原的恢复:物种物候增加了微站点和种子可用性

恢复温带草原的多样性需要消除入侵者，恢复不同的本地物候群。剪枝和种子的添加促进了本地草的恢复，但这些效果可能取决于外来物种和本地物种之间的物候重叠。本文评价了两种刈割、物种物候和播种之间的相互作用对恢复温带草原被冷季牧草羊茅入侵的重要性。洪水泛滥的潘帕草原(阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯)。我们在生长旺季对高羊茅进行了选择性和非选择性修剪，并结合了本地冷季和暖季草的播种。植物物种覆盖目测期为3年;物种按官能团分类。此外，通过涌现试验，我们评估了土壤种子库是否因入侵而变得贫瘠。在不考虑选择性的情况下，修剪使高羊茅盖度降低了12%/年，减少了微站点限制。结果表明，到最后一个实验年，本地丰富度增加了5个物种/年，盖度从3%增加到50%，与修剪类型无关。此外，与外来入侵物物候重叠最少的本土暖季草，在刈割和独立播种的情况下，覆盖面积增加了近25%，增加了5种/m2。与此相反，与外来入侵物物候重叠较多的本土凉季草，繁殖体的增加增加了5%。此外，种子库以高羊茅为主，冷季禾草较少。研究结果表明，克服微立地限制是恢复高羊茅入侵草地植物多样性的必要条件。然而，种子限制和物候重叠可能对恢复某些本土功能类群的多样性特别重要。考虑物种的物候特征有助于确定在恢复本地多样性时需要播种的物候类群或剪切目标。

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来源期刊

Applied Vegetation Science 环境科学-林学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

10.70%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Applied Vegetation Science focuses on community-level topics relevant to human interaction with vegetation, including global change, nature conservation, nature management, restoration of plant communities and of natural habitats, and the planning of semi-natural and urban landscapes. Vegetation survey, modelling and remote-sensing applications are welcome. Papers on vegetation science which do not fit to this scope (do not have an applied aspect and are not vegetation survey) should be directed to our associate journal, the Journal of Vegetation Science. Both journals publish papers on the ecology of a single species only if it plays a key role in structuring plant communities.