Applied Vegetation Science最新文献

{"title":"Classification of forest and shrubland vegetation in central and eastern Euxine Turkey and SW Georgia","authors":"Ali Kavgacı, Mustafa Karaköse, Emine Seda Keleş, Neslihan Balpınar, Münevver Arslan, Erkan Yalçın, Pavel Novák, Andraž Čarni","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12753","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>What are the main vegetation types of forest and shrubland vegetation in central and eastern Euxine Turkey and SW Georgia? What are the main environmental factors affecting their diversity? What is their syntaxonomic position? Can we integrate them into the European vegetation classification system?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Central and eastern Euxine Turkey and SW Georgia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collected 3104 vegetation plots of forest and shrubland vegetation in the study region and performed Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) classification. We described vegetation types based on the classification results, expert knowledge and information from literature sources. We defined diagnostic species and prepared distribution maps for each vegetation type. To determine the most significant environmental variables on floristic differentiation, we used canonical correspondence analysis. Detrended correspondence analysis with passive projection of most significant environmental variables was run to interpret the environmental variation of vegetation types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The studied vegetation was divided into 29 vegetation types related to seven main vegetation groups: relict Mediterranean forests and shrubland (mainly along the coastline, beside some inland localities), lowland to submontane forests, central Euxine mountain forests, eastern Euxine (Colchic) mountain forests, subeuxine forests, azonal riparian forests and subalpine and alpine shrubland. Elevation is the most important factor causing the differentiation in vegetation. It is followed by longitude and latitude. Among climatic variables, temperature seasonality, annual precipitation and precipitation of the wettest quarter are the most significant factors for vegetation differentiation. These factors correlate with the reduction of maritime climate and geomorphological features.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vegetation types mostly correspond to the syntaxa accepted in the EuroVegChecklist. However, some of them do not appear in the EuroVegChecklist since they appear only beyond Europe. We described three syntaxa as new: <i>Abietion equi</i>-<i>trojani</i>, <i>Querco cerridis</i>-<i>Carpinion orientalis</i> and <i>Piceo orientalis-Fagenion orientalis</i>. The study revealed high vegetation diversity of the region that should be taken into consid","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138564856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of livestock grazing intensification on plant communities of Patagonian drylands increase with increasing aridity","authors":"Lucas J. Carboni,&nbsp;Laura Yahdjian,&nbsp;Gastón R. Oñatibia","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12754","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Livestock grazing affects plant communities in drylands worldwide. However, our current understanding of the Patagonian drylands has primarily been derived from comparing exclosures with grazing conditions or from single-site grazing gradients. The pending question is: do impacts of grazing intensification on Patagonian plant communities change along aridity gradients?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patagonia, Argentina.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We surveyed vegetation cover of perennial species in paddocks with different sheep-grazing pressure (ungrazed, lightly, moderately, and intensively grazed, based on long-term stocking rates), in three plant communities located along a regional aridity gradient: a semi-desert (arid), a shrub–grass steppe (semi-arid), and a grass steppe (dry sub-humid). In these communities, we analyzed the effects of grazing pressure on the total cover of vegetation, the cover of dominant plant life-forms (grasses and shrubs), the plant species diversity, and the traits of dominant plant species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intensification of sheep grazing significantly decreased total vegetation cover in the semi-desert, but not in the steppes. Although grazing decreased the cover of grasses (particularly of the highly preferred ones) in all communities, in the shrub–grass and grass steppes this reduction was offset by an increase in the cover and size of shrubs. Plant diversity was not consistently affected by grazing pressure in these communities. Traits of dominant plant species partially explained community responses to grazing intensification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Livestock grazing intensification reduces the forage quantity and quality of Patagonian plant communities, but the severity depends on plant community types. In semi-deserts (the most arid), grasses were drastically affected, while in the steppes, the grazing effects on grasses were low and partially compensated by an increase in the cover and size of shrubs, which fulfill critical roles other than forage provision. It is fundamental that grazing pressure be adapted to forage resource availability for each community type to achieve sustainable management in the context of climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138449541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock grazing promotes legume abundance under increased nutrient loads: Mechanistic evidence from a temperate grassland","authors":"Mariana Ciavattini,&nbsp;Pedro M. Tognetti,&nbsp;Sofía Campana,&nbsp;Laura Yahdjian","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12751","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Question</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Legumes are a key component of rangelands because they play an important role in animal nutrition and the entrance of nitrogen (N) into ecosystems through symbiotic fixation. Legume abundance is commonly low in N-enriched environments because of competition with grasses and non-legume forbs. Both haying and livestock grazing remove plant biomass and reduce light limitation to plant growth, with the difference that livestock may selectively consume legumes. This study examines how legumes respond to grazing, haying and fertilization, and what mechanisms explain legume abundance in rangelands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flooding Pampa, Argentina.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed two manipulation field experiments over 3 years. First, a factorial of rangeland management (intact, haying, or grazing) under two nutrient levels (ambient and increased N, phosphorus [P] and potassium [K]); and second, a factorial of rangeland management (intact or haying) and N × P addition. We evaluated legume, grass and non-legume forb abundance and ground-level light in three to five replicates of our experiments over 3 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NPK fertilization increased legume abundance consistently under grazing, and temporarily under haying, but had no effect in the intact grassland. Also, P addition increased legume abundance only under haying when N was not added. Temporal changes in legume abundance were positively associated with changes in ground-level light, which increased with haying and grazing, but decreased with fertilization in the intact grassland, and negatively with grass abundance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The negative effects of nutrients on legume abundance were offset by the positive effects of livestock. The reduction in grass competition and increase in ground-level light due to grazing and haying explained the positive responses of legume abundance to nutrients in this temperate grassland. Our results highlight the importance of considering the interactive response of legume abundance to grazing and fertilization, which are becoming common practices in rangelands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134806778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grassland reconstruction in a factory yard increases biodiversity and reduces costs of installation and maintenance","authors":"Anna Cseperke Csonka,&nbsp;Katalin Török,&nbsp;Anikó Csecserits,&nbsp;Melinda Halassy","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12752","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The restoration of unused urban-industrial areas has great conservation potential as it can sometimes create a win-win situation in terms of nature conservation and economic benefits. Financial data of restoration projects are rarely published. To close this gap, we report the cost–benefit analysis of different landscaping methods used in the greening of the outskirts of a factory industrial area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study area is located in a factory area in Nyíregyháza, Nyírség, Hungary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we compare the costs of the implementation and maintenance of three different types of grasslands (intensively and extensively managed park lawns and semi-natural grassland, called eco area) and the ecological benefits in terms of vegetation and potential for pollinators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The implementation and maintenance costs of the extensively managed park lawn were more than ten-fold higher than that of the eco area, despite the higher price of native plant material. The construction of the extensive park lawn is the cheapest, but the eco area pays off in ca. 1.5 years compared to it, taking into account the lower maintenance costs. Seven years after implementation, the eco area is the most species-rich, hosting the highest number of natural constituent species, but with similar vegetation cover as in the intensively managed park lawn without costly maintenance. The cover and species richness of legumes and forbs are also higher in the eco area, ensuring a food source for pollinators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results support that introducing species-rich and diverse grasslands with native, habitat specialist species as an alternative to traditional landscaping in urban-industrial areas can be economically and ecologically rewarding. The higher costs of planning, plant material, and implementation pay off in a short time due to low maintenance costs and can lead to a win-win situation for nature as well as for the local economy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12752","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134806779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using multiple plant functional types to assess response to prescribed burn season in Mediterranean-climate vegetation","authors":"Alexandria M. Thomsen,&nbsp;Richard J. P. Davies,&nbsp;Mark K. J. Ooi","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12750","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avsc.12750","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prescribed burning is a key tool for managing vegetation for conservation in fire-prone ecosystems around the world. Plants are adapted to particular fire regimes, made up of components including fire frequency and seasonality. However, burning outside historical regime parameters may impact species recovery and subsequent community assembly. We asked (i) do shrub species respond differently to spring and autumn fires, the primary times for prescribed burns in many temperate regions and (ii) does the use of novel functional groups, based on seed and seed bank traits, allow more robust predictions of response to shifting fire season?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mediterranean-climate southern Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We surveyed 10 common shrub species to examine the impact of fire season on mortality, resprout vigour and seedling recruitment, using three functional groups: fire response (obligate seeder vs resprouter), seed storage (soil- vs canopy-stored), and seed dormancy class [physical (PY) vs morphophysiological (MPD)]. We also analysed individual species to assess species-specific responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obligate seeding and canopy seed-storing functional groups were negatively impacted by spring burns, with recruitment levels one third of that observed after autumn burns. For species with soil-stored seed banks, impacts of burn season were mediated by seed dormancy class, with PY species performing worse than their seasonally emerging MPD counterparts. Some individual species responded in stark contrast to others within their functional group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Functional groups widely used to predict recovery, usually based on resprouting response and fire frequency, may not robustly predict responses to some fire factors, such as fire season. Our results highlight the importance that fire seasonality has on species response and potentially subsequent community assembly. We propose utilising multiple functional groups when assessing risk from shifting fire seasonality or when exploring impacts of multiple fire regime elements, and species-focused studies when managing species at high risk of extinction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using priority effects for grassland restoration: Sequential sowing can promote subordinate species","authors":"Aure Durbecq,&nbsp;Armin Bischoff,&nbsp;Elise Buisson,&nbsp;Emmanuel Corcket,&nbsp;Renaud Jaunatre","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12748","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avsc.12748","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The influence of priority effects on plant community succession is increasingly discussed in community ecology. However, most grassland restoration approaches involving seed addition transfer all target species at the same time. Our objective was to tackle the question: does the order of arrival influence the establishment of restored communities?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>La-Bâtie-Neuve, Southern Alps, France.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We applied sequential sowing using two groups, one set of dominant species and one set of subordinate species, each comprising three different perennial plant species. We tested four sowing treatments: control (without any sowing), two sequential sowing treatments (dominants first or subordinates first) and synchronous sowing. We analysed plant cover each year for three years after sowing and calculated priority and earliness indices (the third year) for each group and each sown species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Manipulating the order of arrival shaped community composition and trajectories. Some species of both groups were positively affected by being sown first compared to being sown synchronously. However, dominant and subordinate groups differed in their earliness index, showing a significant benefit for subordinates to be sown first. The subordinate species <i>Onobrychis viciifolia</i> and <i>Plantago lanceolata</i> established only when they were sown first, while <i>Festuca cinerea</i> showed greater establishment when sown first and simultaneously, compared to late sowing. The dominant <i>Anthyllis vulneraria</i> was not affected by date or type of sowing. However, the cover of the most dominant <i>Bromopsis erecta</i> was lower when being sown second, allowing a control of its dominance by delayed sowing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The strength of priority effects differs between species, which may depend on niche characteristics or microenvironment, influencing (negatively or positively) the establishment of late-arriving species and affecting their competitive abilities. Our study provides evidence that plant community assembly was influenced by the order of arrival, but demonstrated a strong species-specific response to priority effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exotic herbivores and fire energy drive standing herbaceous biomass but do not alter compositional patterns in a semiarid savanna ecosystem","authors":"Virginia D. Preiss,&nbsp;Carissa L. Wonkka,&nbsp;Devan A. McGranahan,&nbsp;Alexandra G. Lodge,&nbsp;Matthew B. Dickinson,&nbsp;Kathleen L. Kavanagh,&nbsp;Heath D. Starns,&nbsp;Douglas R. Tolleson,&nbsp;Morgan L. Treadwell,&nbsp;Dirac Twidwell,&nbsp;William E. Rogers","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12749","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Questions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fire regime alterations are pushing open ecosystems worldwide past tipping points where alternative steady states characterized by woody dominance prevail. This reduces the frequency and intensity of surface fires, further limiting their effectiveness for controlling cover of woody plants. In addition, grazing pressure (exotic or native grazers) can reinforce woody encroachment by potentially reducing fine-fuel loads. We investigated the effects of different fire energies on the herbaceous plant community, together with mammalian wildlife herbivory (exotic and native combined) exclusion, to inform best management practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Texas semi-arid savanna, southern Great Plains, USA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted an experiment in which we manipulated fire intensity and herbivore access to herbaceous biomass in a split-plot design. We altered fire energy via fuel addition rather than applying fire under different environmental conditions to control for differences in standing biomass and composition attributable to differential plant physiological status and fire season.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-energy fire did not reduce herbaceous biomass or alter plant community composition, although it did increase among-plot variability in composition and forb biomass relative to low-energy fire and non-burned controls. Grazing pressure from native and non-native mammalian herbivores reduced above-ground herbaceous biomass regardless of fire treatments, but did not alter community composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Managers seeking to apply high-intensity prescribed fire to reduce woody encroachment will not negatively impact herbaceous plant productivity or alter community composition. However, they should be cognizant that repeated fires necessary for greatly reducing woody plants in heavily invaded areas might be difficult to accomplish due to fine-fuel reduction from wild herbivores. High fencing to restrict access by wildlife herbivores or culling might be necessary to build fuels sufficient to conduct high-intensity burns for woody-plant reduction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50139077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation patch dynamics in rangelands: How feedbacks between large herbivores, vegetation and soil fauna alter patches over space and through time","authors":"Christian Smit,&nbsp;Isabelle P. R. Buyens,&nbsp;Peter C. le Roux","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12747","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Large herbivore grazing is a popular conservation management tool to promote vegetation structural diversity of rangelands. However, vegetation patch dynamics, that is, how patches of grazing-defended tall vegetation and grazer-preferred short lawns shift over space and time, is poorly understood. Here, we describe a new conceptual framework for patch dynamics within rangelands, combining theories of classical cyclical succession, self-organization and multitrophic feedbacks between grazers, vegetation and bioturbating soil fauna.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We use the cattle-grazed salt marsh of the island Schiermonnikoog, The Netherlands, as a model system. The grazed salt marsh is characterized by distinct tall vegetation patches dominated by the grazing-defended rush &lt;i&gt;Juncus maritimus&lt;/i&gt; and grazing-intolerant grass &lt;i&gt;Elytrigia atherica&lt;/i&gt;, surrounded by a matrix of grazing lawn (dominated by &lt;i&gt;Festuca rubra&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; The Framework&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Based on previous observational and experimental studies, we propose a cyclical patch dynamic where plant species composition and structure transitions through four phases: patch initiation (a) occurs when the grazing-defended rush &lt;i&gt;J. maritimus&lt;/i&gt; establishes in the grazed lawn. Patch establishment (b) follows when the grazing-intolerant grass &lt;i&gt;E. atherica&lt;/i&gt; establishes in the patch due to associational defence by &lt;i&gt;J. maritimus&lt;/i&gt; and produces a large amount of litter that attracts the key bioturbating amphipod &lt;i&gt;Orchestia gammarellus&lt;/i&gt;. Patch expansion (c) occurs when &lt;i&gt;O. gammarellus&lt;/i&gt; activities improve soil properties of the patch, which favours &lt;i&gt;E. atherica&lt;/i&gt; growth, leading to &lt;i&gt;E. atherica&lt;/i&gt; competitively displacing &lt;i&gt;J. maritimus&lt;/i&gt; in the centre of the patch. Patch degeneration (d) follows when cattle enter the enlarged patch to consume &lt;i&gt;E. atherica&lt;/i&gt; in the centre, trample the soil, displace &lt;i&gt;O. gammarellus&lt;/i&gt; and decrease vegetation cover, opening space for grazing-lawn species to invade. The cycle restarts when remnants of the rush &lt;i&gt;J. maritimus&lt;/i&gt; in the degenerated patches (or individuals recently established from seed dispersal) initiate new patches in the grazing lawn.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Synthesis&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our proposed patch-dynamic model provides a means to describe the mechanisms driving vegetation patch dynamics and serves as a foundation for further experimental and observational exploration, not only for this specific system, but more generally for grazed syste","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50118582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Beyond species richness and community composition: Using plant functional diversity to measure restoration success in jarrah forest” [Applied Vegetation Science, 24(3), e12607]","authors":"Rachel Jayne Standish,&nbsp;Aaron David Gove,&nbsp;Andrew Haden Grigg,&nbsp;Matthew Ian Daws","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12746","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avsc.12746","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Standish, R.J., Gove, A.D., Grigg, A.H., &amp; Daws, M.I. (2021) Beyond species richness and community composition: Using plant functional diversity to measure restoration success in jarrah forest. <i>Applied Vegetation Science</i>, 24(3), e12607. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12607</p><p>Due to an error in the species richness variable in the space-for-time dataset, the first panel of Figures 3, 5 and 6, and Table 3, are incorrect. The corrections appear below.</p><p>These new results show a significant decline in species richness with both restoration age (Figure 3; Table 3) and with time since fire (Figure 5; Table 3). Additionally, species richness of restored jarrah forest at 25 years of age was significantly lower than that observed in reference forest (Figure 6).</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44933206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant species composition and vegetation structure of Sphagnum cultivation sites","authors":"Amanda Grobe","doi":"10.1111/avsc.12744","DOIUrl":"10.1111/avsc.12744","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cultivation of <i>Sphagnum</i> mosses in paludiculture has high potential for the use of formerly drained peatlands under wet conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plant species composition and vegetation structure of <i>Sphagnum</i> cultivation sites in comparison with near-natural donor sites and rewetted sites without <i>Sphagnum</i> introduction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Central Europe, northwest Germany close to the Dutch–German border.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The treatments (rewetting with and without <i>Sphagnum</i> introduction) and a near-natural donor as a reference were each studied at three different sites. At each site, bryophyte and vascular plant species composition as well as parameters of vegetation structure were sampled in 40 randomly positioned plots of 25 cm × 25 cm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In addition to the highly frequent <i>Sphagnum</i>, several further plant species typical of bogs were introduced. At two cultivation sites, the species composition showed a high degree of similarity to the near-natural donor sites, whereas the third site was more similar to the rewetted sites without the introduction of <i>Sphagnum</i> biomass. Rewetted sites were species-poor in comparison with all other sites. Apart from a high cover of <i>Sphagnum</i>, the vegetation structure at the cultivation sites differed significantly from the near-natural donor sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Sphagnum</i> cultivation sites can be used to grow donor material for peatland restoration and contribute to species conservation by providing substitute habitat for bog-typical and threatened plant species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55494,"journal":{"name":"Applied Vegetation Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/avsc.12744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44682706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}