Classification of forest and shrubland vegetation in central and eastern Euxine Turkey and SW Georgia

IF 2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Applied Vegetation Science Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI:10.1111/avsc.12753

Ali Kavgacı, Mustafa Karaköse, Emine Seda Keleş, Neslihan Balpınar, Münevver Arslan, Erkan Yalçın, Pavel Novák, Andraž Čarni

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Questions

What are the main vegetation types of forest and shrubland vegetation in central and eastern Euxine Turkey and SW Georgia? What are the main environmental factors affecting their diversity? What is their syntaxonomic position? Can we integrate them into the European vegetation classification system?

Location

Central and eastern Euxine Turkey and SW Georgia.

Methods

We collected 3104 vegetation plots of forest and shrubland vegetation in the study region and performed Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) classification. We described vegetation types based on the classification results, expert knowledge and information from literature sources. We defined diagnostic species and prepared distribution maps for each vegetation type. To determine the most significant environmental variables on floristic differentiation, we used canonical correspondence analysis. Detrended correspondence analysis with passive projection of most significant environmental variables was run to interpret the environmental variation of vegetation types.

Results

The studied vegetation was divided into 29 vegetation types related to seven main vegetation groups: relict Mediterranean forests and shrubland (mainly along the coastline, beside some inland localities), lowland to submontane forests, central Euxine mountain forests, eastern Euxine (Colchic) mountain forests, subeuxine forests, azonal riparian forests and subalpine and alpine shrubland. Elevation is the most important factor causing the differentiation in vegetation. It is followed by longitude and latitude. Among climatic variables, temperature seasonality, annual precipitation and precipitation of the wettest quarter are the most significant factors for vegetation differentiation. These factors correlate with the reduction of maritime climate and geomorphological features.

Conclusions

Vegetation types mostly correspond to the syntaxa accepted in the EuroVegChecklist. However, some of them do not appear in the EuroVegChecklist since they appear only beyond Europe. We described three syntaxa as new: Abietion equi-trojani, Querco cerridis-Carpinion orientalis and Piceo orientalis-Fagenion orientalis. The study revealed high vegetation diversity of the region that should be taken into consideration in ecosystem management and used as a reference in restoration and mitigation of the effects of global changes.

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欧兴土耳其中部和东部以及格鲁吉亚西南部森林和灌木林植被分类

问题欧西土耳其中部和东部以及格鲁吉亚西南部的森林和灌木林植被有哪些主要植被类型？影响其多样性的主要环境因素是什么？它们在植物学中的地位如何？我们能否将它们纳入欧洲植被分类系统？地点欧欣土耳其中部和东部以及格鲁吉亚西南部。方法我们在研究地区收集了 3104 块森林和灌木林植被地块，并进行了双向指示物种分析（TWINSPAN）分类。我们根据分类结果、专家知识和文献资料描述了植被类型。我们为每种植被类型定义了诊断物种并绘制了分布图。为了确定对植物分化最重要的环境变量，我们采用了典型对应分析法。利用最重要环境变量的被动投影进行了去趋势对应分析，以解释植被类型的环境变化。结果所研究的植被被划分为 29 种植被类型，涉及七个主要植被群：地中海原始森林和灌木林（主要沿海岸线分布，也有一些内陆地区）、低地至亚山地森林、中部欧西山地森林、东部欧西（科尔奇克）山地森林、亚欧西森林、亚高山河岸森林以及亚高山和高山灌木林。海拔是造成植被差异的最重要因素。其次是经度和纬度。在气候变量中，气温季节性、年降水量和最潮湿季度的降水量是植被分化的最重要因素。这些因素与海洋性气候和地貌特征的减少有关。结论植被类型大多与《欧洲植被名录》（EuroVegChecklist）中认可的句法一致。但是，其中一些类型没有出现在欧洲植被名录中，因为它们只出现在欧洲以外的地区。我们描述了三个新的句法群：Abietion equi-trojani、Querco cerridis-Carpinion orientalis 和 Piceo orientalis-Fagenion orientalis。这项研究揭示了该地区植被的高度多样性，应在生态系统管理中加以考虑，并作为恢复和减轻全球变化影响的参考。

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来源期刊

Applied Vegetation Science 环境科学-林学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

10.70%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Applied Vegetation Science focuses on community-level topics relevant to human interaction with vegetation, including global change, nature conservation, nature management, restoration of plant communities and of natural habitats, and the planning of semi-natural and urban landscapes. Vegetation survey, modelling and remote-sensing applications are welcome. Papers on vegetation science which do not fit to this scope (do not have an applied aspect and are not vegetation survey) should be directed to our associate journal, the Journal of Vegetation Science. Both journals publish papers on the ecology of a single species only if it plays a key role in structuring plant communities.