Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Study of ERK1/2, Bcl2, and Sorcin with Clinicopathological Characteristics of Gastric carcinoma: Tubular Adenocarcinoma Vs Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Sushmita Ghosh, Jayanta Chakrabarti, Partha Nath, Raya Banerjee, Neyaz Alam, Vilas D Nasare","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Altered expression of tissue-specific tumor markers is associated with clinicopathological factors and poor clinical outcomes in Gastric Cancer (GC). However, the markers have been scarcely explored in the context of the distinct GC subtypes, which are crucial for assessing treatment response.  This study explores the nuanced differences between gastric tubular adenocarcinoma (TA) and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), focusing on the correlation of ERK1/2, Bcl2, and Sorcin expression. The aim is to identify potential differences between the subtypes and assess the prognostic value of the markers in relation to clinicopathological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemistry evaluated the ERK1/2, Bcl2 and Sorcin expression in 78 patients (TA=37, SRCC=33; other=8) diagnosed with advanced non-metastatic GC. Descriptive statistics and correlations were assessed between the proteins and clinicopathological features. Overall survival and hazard risk (HR) were determined using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher ERK1/2 (66%) and lower Bcl2 (51%) expression was demonstrated in SRCC, whereas the opposite trend was noted in TA cases. On the contrary, Sorcin expression was high in both, however, predominant in SRCC (66%). Notably, post-NACT, the expression of these proteins was elevated. Significant difference in survival between TA (22±3.03 months) and SRCC (12±1.62 months) (p=0.007) was observed. In SRCC, higher ERK1/2, Sorcin, and low Bcl2 expressions were associated with shorter survival with HR>1 (p<0.05). Significant correlation between Sorcin and clinicopathological factors was analysed both in TA and SRCC (p<0.001) compared to ERK1/2 and Bcl2 expression. Sorcin expression was further associate with treatment response in non-responders (post-NACT) in both TA and SRCC (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High ERK1/2, Sorcin, and low Bcl2 expression prevailed in SRCC cases. These expressions were upregulated post-NACT in both subtypes. SRCC patients had shorter OS, moreover expression of ERK1/2, Sorcin, and Bcl2 correlated with poor survival outcomes and major clinicopathological factors in SRCC cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 5","pages":"1581-1589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectivity of Topical Quinolones and Metronidazole on Cancer Ulcers in Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Selamat Budijitno, Puguh Sihwidiyono, Luqman Alwi, Dwi Pudjonarko, Tri Nur Kristina, Meira Dwi Kusuma Astuti, Arrizki Azka Pratama, Sistiya Pradana Putra","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1607","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malignant Fungating Wound (MFW) has a significant role in increasing quality of life. The secondary infection could cause as well as Hemorrhage, Odor, Pain, Exudate & Superficial infections (HOPES) and reduced activity. Worseness of MFW could be caused by a combination of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial infections. This study aimed to prove the effectiveness of the topical antibiotic solution toward wound repairment secondary to MFW.  Methods: This study was a pre and post-test randomized controlled trial in which inclusion and exclusion criteria were predefined. Patients who suffered locally advanced breast cancer were given chemotherapy and then randomized into the treatment group of MFW management treated with Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole solution, and the non-treatment group treated with 0.9% NaCl. The dependent variable was the number of Colony Forming Unit (CFU) and the degree of fibrosis. Mann Whitney-U and Kendall's tau-b test was carried out to examine the difference and correlation test. Statistical significance was defined as p <0.05.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The study involved 40 patients who were randomized into the treatment group dan the non-treatment group. Paired T-tests of the CFU in the non-treatment group and the treatment group are significant (p<0.001). The Mann Whitney-U test in delta CFU in both groups is significant (p<0.001). Mann Whitney-U test in the degree of fibrosis in both groups is significant (p=0.046). Kendall's tau-b correlation test shows a significant negative correlation between the CFU and the degree of fibrosis (p=0.027, r=-0.36).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The treatment of MFW in locally advanced breast cancer treated with metronidazole and ciprofloxacin solution gives a better rate of improvement in terms of reducing the number of CFU and increasing the degree of fibrosis. This study proves that there is a significant negative correlation between a decrease in CFU and the degree of fibrosis in the treatment group.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 5","pages":"1607-1613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation Role of Toll-like Receptor-9 Gene and miR-155 Expression Levels in Acute Myeloid Leukemia via Quantitative Real-Time PCR.","authors":"Maryam Qasim Mohammed, Amal Mohammed Ali, Ali Hussein Alwan, Ahmed Mahdi Hamzah, Zainab Saad Azeez Al-Musawi","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the mRNA expression levels of Toll-like receptor 9 and microRNA-155 in Iraqi patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) within a case-control study framework. Additionally, the study will assess relevant hematological parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 40 Iraqi patients diagnosed with AML who were undergoing chemotherapy and experiencing relapse, and 40 healthy individuals as a control group. Hematological parameters were measured using a complete blood count (CBC) device. RNA was extracted from samples, quantified, and assessed for purity. Subsequently, RNA was reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA). The relative expression levels of TLR-9 and miR-155 genes were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Hemoglobin, erythrocyte, hematocrit, and platelet levels exhibited significant differences between AML patients and healthy controls. In contrast, white blood cell and lymphocyte counts were not significantly different between the two groups. TLR-9 gene expression was comparable between healthy controls and AML patients, with fold change values of 1.000 and 1.49, respectively. However, miR-155 expression was significantly lower in AML patients compared to healthy controls, with fold change values of 0.608 and 1.000, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To evade host immune surveillance, cancer cells may downregulate the expression of TLR-9 and miR-155. This dysregulation may contribute to the progression and development of AML. Furthermore, the downregulation of miR-155 and dysregulation of TLR-9 during oncogenesis may serve as potential prognostic markers for AML patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 5","pages":"1599-1606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Factors Affecting Prostate Cancer Using Machine Learning Methods: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Serveh Mohammadi, Behzad Imani, Soheila Saeedi, Mohammad Ali Amirzargar","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer is identified as the second cause of malignancy worldwide and the fifth cause of death among men. Considering the upward trend in cancer incidence and mortality rate due to this disease, the identification of risk factors can be of great help in prevention and conservative measures. Also, due to the significant growth in artificial intelligence and machine learning methods, many risk factors can be studied by identifying the most commonly used methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The articles reviewed in this study were from 4 main databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore. This systematic review was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searching the databases was conducted from the beginning of 2015 to February 17, 2024 were included. Only the articles investigating factors affecting prostate cancer using machine learning are included in this systematic review. Non-English language studies, studies that did not involve human participants, review studies, meta-analyses, letters to editors, and commentary were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings showed that China had the most research in identifying prostate cancer risk factors with machine learning algorithms. Age, PSA level (prostate-specific antigen), tPSA (total PSA), fPSA (free PSA), and PSAD (PSA density) were identified as the most important risk factors in prostate cancer. R-software and Python were most employed in the data analysis. Random forest, support vector machine, and logistic regression were utilized more than other machine learning methods. Among data sources, MCC-Spain, SEER (surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results), PLCO (National Cancer Institute's Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial), and NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) were registries that were used in the studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research can help researchers use machine learning methods with better performance and registered data sources and identify the most influential risk factors for prostate cancer prevention and screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 5","pages":"1519-1528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Analysis of Metastatic Young-Onset vs. Average-Onset Cholangiocarcinoma: A Population-Based Study.","authors":"Antoine Jeri-Yabar, Liliana Vittini-Hernandez, Brenda Salazar-Linares, Sebastian Prado-Nunez","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of young-onset cholangiocarcinoma (YOCC) is rising, yet the survival outcomes and metastatic patterns of metastatic YOCC (mYOCC) compared to metastatic average-onset cholangiocarcinoma (mAOCC) remain unclear. This study evaluates differences in survival outcomes, metastatic patterns, and associated prognostic factors between mYOCC and mAOCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the SEER database (2018-2021), including patients aged ≥18 years with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (mCC). Patients were stratified into mYOCC (<50 years) and mAOCC (≥50 years). Clinical characteristics, metastatic sites, and treatment modalities were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,601 patients with mCC, 9.99% had mYOCC. mYOCC patients were younger (median age 44 vs. 66 years, p<0.001) and more frequently presented with bone (27.50% vs. 19.36%, p=0.015) and lung metastases (36.25% vs. 27.48%, p=0.021). They also had a higher prevalence of multiple-site metastases, including bone-liver-lung combinations (7.50% vs. 3.33%, p=0.008). Median survival was 12 months for mYOCC versus 9 months for mAOCC. mYOCC patients had a lower risk of mortality (aHR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.60-0.93, p=0.01). Treatment modalities, including chemotherapy and surgery, significantly improved survival, regardless of age at diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>mYOCC demonstrates distinct metastatic patterns, including higher frequencies of bone and lung metastases, and is associated with better survival outcomes compared to mAOCC. These findings highlight the need for age-specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes for mYOCC patients. Further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms underlying these differences and address disparities in survival outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 5","pages":"1823-1830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances and Challenges in Cancer Care, with a Focus on Multiple Myeloma, Lymphoma, and Lung Cancer: Key Insights from the Onco Summit 2024-The APAC Chapter.","authors":"Ja Min Byun, Won Seog Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Onco Summit 2024: The APAC Chapter took place over 2 days, between 16th and 17th February 2024, in South Korea. The event aimed to provide healthcare professionals with the latest updates in different oncology disciplines and share best practices and strategies to ensure optimal patient care. The Summit aimed to foster international and local collaborations to address challenges, understand the future of oncology, and explore opportunities to improve cancer care, especially in the Asia Pacific region. There were 27 scientific presentations and 10 panel discussions with engaging discussions around recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances in cancer care and associated challenges. More than 150 oncology specialists from 11 countries attended the Summit. The Summit highlighted specific challenges in the Asia Pacific region and discussed transferrable strategies to address some of these challenges. This report aims to present a summary of key discussions from the Summit for the global and Asia Pacific oncology community.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 5","pages":"1543-1551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Presence of Non-Exhausted Senescent T Cells in Breast Cancer Patients.","authors":"Sikrit Denariyakoon, Athina Giannoudis, Charoenchai Puttipanyalears, Kris Chatamra, Apiwat Mutirangura","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the presence of cancer-associated senescent T cells in breast cancer patients and the impact of the progression of age on their senescent phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The exhausted T cell lineage was excluded from the analysis of T cells by using PD1 marker. The percentages of CD28- cells were used to determine the senescent phenotype, in which the CD57 expression was used to further characterize their phenotypes. The flow cytometry was used on CytoFLEX flow cytometer and analysed with CytExpert analysis software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, both senescent and non-exhausted senescent T cells were significantly increased in breast cancer patients. However, non-exhausted T cells could demonstrate more significant proportion of senescent T cells, and these phenotypes in CD8+ T cells were increased in breast cancer patients, which were 53.03% and 37.25% (p<0.001). Moreover, CD28-CD57- cells of non-exhausted CD8+ T cells were increased irrespective of age, while the increase in CD28-CD57+ cells was positively correlated with the progression of age (r=0.353, p=0.015).  In addition, the predominant CD28-CD57- cells were attenuated after 52 years of age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of non-exhausted senescent T cells seemed to be a concern regarding immune dysfunction in breast cancer patients. These phenotypes were presented in both young-age and old-age breast cancer, but the terminal phenotype seemed to be abundant in the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 5","pages":"1633-1640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting PRISMA Guidelines to Enhance Reporting Quality in Genetic Association Studies: A Framework Proposal.","authors":"Rezvan Nezameslami, Alireza Nezameslami, Bahareh Mehdikhani, Alireza Mosavi-Jarrahi, Amirhossein Shahbazi, Amirhossein Rahmani, Ali Masoudi, Maryam Yeganegi, Razieh Akhondzardaini, Mohammad Bahrami, Kazem Aghili, Hossein Neamatzadeh","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1641","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To propose a framework for enhancing the reporting quality of genetic association studies by adapting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was performed on case-control and cohort studies published in peer-reviewed journals up to October 7, 2024. Eligible studies reported on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene expression profiles. Data collection consisted of a thorough examination of methodologies, population stratification, phenotype definitions, and ethical aspects concerning informed consent and data sharing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The adaptation of the PRISMA guidelines created a cohesive reporting framework that improved reproducibility in 67% of 150 studies reviewed, up from 34% before the adaptation. Reported biases significantly decreased, with population stratification issues falling from 42% to 18% (p<0.01). Comprehensive reporting of genetic variants rose from 50% to 85% post-adaptation, aiding biological interpretation of results. A literature review found that only 60% of analyzed meta-analyses adhered to PRISMA standards, revealing notable deficiencies in sample characteristics, methodologies, and statistical reporting, including effect sizes and confidence intervals. Expert consultations indicated a need for clearer guidelines on population stratification, sample selection criteria, and gene-environment interactions. Recommendations for PRISMA adaptation include specific reporting items for genetic nuances, standardized methodologies, and attention to ethical considerations in genetic research. A proposed framework for ongoing evaluation and updates will emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration and transparency to enhance the reproducibility and credibility of genetic research findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The customized adaptation of PRISMA guidelines greatly improves the methodological quality and ethical standards of genetic association studies, enhancing the integrity and validity of research findings. These adaptations mark a critical advancement in the rigor and transparency of such research. By tackling the complexities of genetic data, researchers can enhance the comparability and reproducibility of their results, thereby furthering personalized medicine and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 5","pages":"1641-1651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Phase I Trial to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of Autophagy Inhibition Using Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in Combination with Carboplatin and Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumorsced solid tumors.","authors":"Nagla Abdel Karim, Ihab Eldessouki, Imran Ahmed, Ola Gaber, Elmustapha Bahassi, Ahmed Khaled, Harlod Davis, John C Morris","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.4.1165","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.4.1165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autophagy is a catabolic process triggered in cells during periods of metabolic or hypoxic stress to enable their survival that may also impart advantages to tumors. Inhibition of early stage autophagy can rescue cancer cells, while inhibition of late stage autophagy leads to cell death due to accumulation of damaged organelles.  Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) inhibit late phase autophagy.  We assessed the safety, tolerability and activity of combining CQ/HCQ with carboplatin and gemcitabine (CG) in patients with advanced solid tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single institution phase 1 dose-escalation study was designed to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of CQ/HCQ, in combination with CG in patients with advanced solid tumors. Secondary objectives were to determine ORR, PFS and OS. A starting dose of CQ/HCQ 50 mg was used in conjunction with CG, and increased in increments of 50 mg in each dose cohort.  Grade 3 or greater toxicity that is treatment-related, and was not self-limited, or controlled in less than 7 days was considered dose limiting toxicity (DLT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two patients were enrolled.  All patients had at least one prior treatment, and 11 of them had 3 prior regimens.  HCQ 100 mg daily was found to be the MTD in combination with CG with thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia dose-limiting. Median OS was 11 months, and the 1- and 3- year overall survivals were 30% and 7%, respectively.  Median progression free survival was 5 months and the 6-, 12-, and 18-month progression-free survivals were 48%, 21% and 14%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MTD identified for CQ/HCQ was lower than previously reported with concomitant use of chemotherapeutic regimes likely due to the myelosuppressive nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 4","pages":"1165-1172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industry Strategies for Attracting Youth to Cigarettes, E-cigarettes, and HTPs: Retailer Density and Marketing at Points-of-Sale in Vietnam and the Philippines.","authors":"Elizabeth Crespi, Jennifer L Brown, Nhu Ba Chan Huynh, Melinda A Bautista, Camille Grace V Bacar, Flordeliza V Bacar, Joanna E Cohen","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.4.1253","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.4.1253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Each year, tobacco-caused diseases kill 3 million people in the Western Pacific Region (WPR). Point-of-sale (POS) tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) are utilized by tobacco and nicotine product companies to attract new customers, including youth; POS TAPS are associated with youth tobacco susceptibility, experimentation, and current use. E-cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTPs) are sold in the WPR, yet limited research exists on TAPS for these products. We examined POS cigarette, e-cigarette, and HTP sales and TAPS in Vietnam and the Philippines to understand current marketing strategies and assess compliance with existing regulations.   Methods: An observational study was conducted in urban and rural areas of several cities in Vietnam and the Philippines. A walking protocol was employed to identify all cigarette, e-cigarette, and HTP retailers within 100m of schools (Vietnam: n=371; Philippines: n=353). To represent areas without sales restrictions, retailers within 100m of post-offices (Vietnam: n=325) or 100-200m from schools (the Philippines: n=353) were also observed. An observation form documented product displays, advertising, and promotion. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for analyses.  Results: Cigarette retailers were common in areas with sales restrictions (Vietnam: n=712, mean=1.9; Philippines: n=2070, mean 5.9) and without (Vietnam: n=751, mean=2.3; Philippines: n=4496, mean=12.7). E-cigarette (n=113) and HTP (n=123) retailers were found in the Philippines; fewer e-cigarette (n=12) and no HTP retailers were found in Vietnam. In areas without sales restrictions, compliance with TAPS regulations was low (Vietnam: 0%; Philippines: 0-10.8%). Marketing tactics varied across product types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cigarette sales and marketing are widespread in these two WPR countries; e-cigarettes and HTPs were also found. Compliance with sales and TAPS regulations is poor; stricter enforcement and more comprehensive regulations are recommended to prevent youth initiation. Other WPR countries may also consider monitoring, regulatory, and enforcement efforts to understand and limit youth initiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 4","pages":"1253-1259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}