{"title":"Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) for Tobacco Control Policy Analysis of India.","authors":"Puravi Dubey, Sabyasachi Shukla, Sonam Jalewa Agarwal, Nancy Satpathy, Pratap Kumar Jena","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1865","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 6","pages":"1865-1867"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rini Andriani, Umi Mangesti Tjiptoningsih, Octavia So Hanggrainy, Alfred Susilodinata, Siswanto Agus Wilopo
{"title":"Prognosis of Brain Metastases (BM) Patient Received Whole Brain Radiation Therapy (WBRT) alone or in combination with Surgery at Dharmais National Cancer Center, Indonesia.","authors":"Rini Andriani, Umi Mangesti Tjiptoningsih, Octavia So Hanggrainy, Alfred Susilodinata, Siswanto Agus Wilopo","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.2025","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>WBRT and surgery are commonly used to improve the overall survival of BM patients. The study aims to evaluate the overall survival of patients treated with WBRT in combination with surgery or alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a cohort retrospective of 148 BM patients from January 1st, 2021, to December 31st, 2022, and our follow-up on their overall survival up to July 1st, 2023. We collected data on treatments received either in combination with WBRT and surgery or alone. Information for age, sex, primary tumor types, and sites of metastases were collected. Median survival time, Kaplan-Meier curves, and its' log-rank statistics were presented, including the results of Cox regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall median survival of this sample was 4.3 months. Patients receiving WBRT exhibit higher survival rates than non-WBRT (median survival rates are 6.9 vs 1.5 months) but not surgery (4.0 vs 4.4 months). The primary tumors (breast, lung, and others) have no difference in the median survival rates. The survival rate using Kaplan-Meier showed a significant difference between patients with WBRT vs non-WBRT (log-rank p=0.0) but not for surgery. A Cox regression shows hazard ratio (HR) for patients receiving WBRT=0.34 [95% CI: 0.19-0.62; P<0.001] and when it is adjusted for surgery and other variables it exhibits only a small change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BM patients who received WBRT had better survival than non-WBRT patients, which could reduce HR, but surgery was not statistically significant. All BM patients should receive WBRT regardless of surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 6","pages":"2025-2034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Legal Principles and Causal Inference Issues in Tobacco Litigation: Lessons from Korea.","authors":"Minsoo Jung","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1881","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the legal principles and causal inference challenges in tobacco litigation, with a focus on the South Korean context. Drawing on qualitative legal analysis and an epidemiological framework, it reviews landmark judicial decisions involving both individual plaintiffs and the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in lawsuits against major tobacco companies. The methodology includes a comprehensive doctrinal analysis of court rulings, evidentiary standards, and legal reasoning related to causality, alongside a comparative review of international case law. The study also incorporates epidemiological criteria and metrics such as relative risk, attributable fraction, and probability of causation to evaluate how scientific evidence has been presented and interpreted in legal proceedings. By interrogating the intersection of law and public health science, the paper highlights how the legal distinction between specific and non-specific diseases complicates the judicial recognition of causality in tobacco-related cases. It further draws parallels with environmental litigation to argue for a reduced burden of proof in tobacco lawsuits, advocating for greater evidentiary weight to be given to epidemiological findings. Through cross-national comparisons, the study calls for legal reforms that more closely reflect public health imperatives, ultimately promoting fairness, accountability, and stronger tobacco control.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 6","pages":"1881-1890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohanad Salam Hussein, Shahad Falah Abass, Ahmed Flayyih Hasan, Ali G Al-Dulimi, Hany M El-Wahsh
{"title":"Protective Role of Bee Venom (Apis mellifera) Against Kidney Damage in Female Mice with Cancer.","authors":"Mohanad Salam Hussein, Shahad Falah Abass, Ahmed Flayyih Hasan, Ali G Al-Dulimi, Hany M El-Wahsh","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.2233","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.2233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer is a dreadful disease that has a huge, negative impact on people's personal, social, and financial lives, as well as their healthcare. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the capability of Apis mellifera (A.M.), to reduce the renal toxicity and tissue damage caused by the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of forty female Swiss albino mice were divided evenly among four groups (G1, control; G2, A.M.; G3, EAC; and G4, EAC+ A.M.).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current results revealed that EAC caused renal tissue damage, and increase in the serum urea, creatinine, potassium, and chloride ion levels. They also caused a significant decrease in the levels of sodium and calcium ions in the blood, as compared to the normal control. Furthermore, EAC caused a variety of pathological alterations in the glomeruli and renal tubules, including mild glomerular shrinkage, notable cellular infiltration, marked renal injury, and marked renal tissue degradation. When EAC was treated with A.M. (EAC+ A.M.), the kidney structure and function improved, in comparison to the use of EAC alone. The serum urea, creatinine, potassium, and chloride ion levels decreased, but the sodium and calcium ion levels increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was possible to conclude that A.M. could shield the kidneys from renal toxicity caused by the EAC cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 6","pages":"2233-2238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First Screening For Germline Variations In Exon 5 PTEN Gene and Their Contribution to Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Eastern Algeria.","authors":"Souad Haddad, Karim Chekroud, Housna Zidoune, Ali Boumegoura, Abdelhak Lakehal, Djalila Chellat-Rezgoune, Dalila Satta, Noureddine Abadi","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1977","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with younger age, bigger tumor size, high grade tumor, high risk of tumor recurrence and death. PTEN is one of the tumor suppressor genes that have been analyzed to provide its role in predisposition to TNBC. The aim of this study was to screen germline variants in exon 5 of the PTEN gene in Algerian TNBC patients and to assess their association with the clinical characteristics of TNBC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>69 TNBC patients coming from different regions of eastern Algeria were analyzed for germline variants in exon 5 of the PTEN gene, among them 6 patients (8.69%) had a family history of breast cancer. Peripheral blood samples were obtained and genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes using the salt-saturation method. Exon 5 was amplified by PCR and then sequenced. The resulted sequences were aligned against the reference sequence available in GenBank. All detected variants were annotated using the Ensembl database and their pathogenicity was predicted according to their REVEL scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>30 different variants in 27 (39.13%) of the 69 patients were identified. 6 missense variants were predicted to be likely benign and 24 variants were predicted to be pathogenic. Among them, 19 were missense variants, 2 were nonsense variants and 3 were frameshift variants, including 1 deletion and 2 novel insertions. The pathogenic variants occurred in 17 patients, who harbored between 1 and 4 pathogenic variants. No pathogenic variants were found in patients with a family history of breast cancer. The correlation between pathogenic variants and the clinical characteristics of TNBC patients was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The frequency of pathogenic variants identified in the Algerian population is higher than that in other populations; however, they are not associated with susceptibility to TNBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 6","pages":"1977-1985"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thiosemicarbazide Derivative of Captopril (8) imposes Cellular-Dependent Death Modalities on Breast Cancer Cell Lines.","authors":"Baan M Al-Jasani, Hayder B Sahib, Hiba N Al-Saad","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.2061","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.2061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Breast cancer prevalence is continuing to rise worldwide. Despite the diversity of the current approaches and protocols to treat this heterogeneous disease, most of these face the challenges of side effects and resistance. Hence, novel and innovative approaches to the treatment of breast cancer are almost constantly needed. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative and death modalities induced by three thiosemicarbazide derivatives of captopril in two subtypes of breast cancer cell lines, the Estrogen- receptor positive MCF-7, and the Estrogen/progesterone- receptor-negative AMJ13.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the derivatives and their parent compound Captopril, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, Acridine Orange/ Ethidium Bromide (AO/EtBr) staining, Caspase immunocytochemistry analysis and ROS generation by Human ROMO1 ELISA assays were conducted to explore the type of cellular death induced by these derivatives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One of the derivatives denoted as (8) demonstrated the best antiproliferative profile recording the highest cytotoxic effect with IC50 of (88.06 µM) and (66.82 µM) compared to that of captopril (849.8 µM),(1075µM) in MCF-7 and AMJ13 breast cancer cells respectively. In MCF-7 cells, derivative (8) imposed an apoptotic cellular death with the involvement of caspase-3, and caspase-9 and displayed a time-dependent ROS generation. In AMJ13 breast cancer cells, results revealed an extensive vacuole forming, non-apoptotic cellular death, without ROS generation, but with a significant implication of caspase-9. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the thiosemicarbazide derivative of captopril (8) as a promising antiproliferative agent against breast cancer cells displaying different cellular death modalities, signifying the versatility of the derivative and suggesting multitarget pathways. This study strongly recommends derivative (8) as a future leading molecule.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 6","pages":"2061-2070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlation of VEGF +405C/G Polymorphism with Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sukhpreet Kaur Walia, Vasudha Sambyal, Kamlesh Guleria","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1899","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The functional polymorphisms of VEGF can affect different cellular processes and play a major role in angiogenesis and tumor development. Several case-control studies have explored the association of VEGF +405C/G polymorphism with GIT cancer risk, however, the results were inconsistent. Therefore, the meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant data were extracted from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Science Direct. Twenty three studies comprising 5,656 cases and 6,319 healthy controls were included in the present meta-analysis and the data was analysed by using online MetaGenyo software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, no significant association was found in any of the genetic models in overall analysis as well as when data was stratified according to the ethnicity (p>0.05). After performing sub-group analysis on the basis of cancer type, significant association was found with increased risk of developing esophageal cancer under allele contrast, recessive, GG vs. CC and GG vs. GC models (p<0.05). Under overdominant model, VEGF +405C/G polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased risk of developing esophageal cancer (p=0.017) and GG vs. GC model showed a significant association with the risk of developing colorectal cancer (p=0.047) and pancreatic cancer (p=0.010). However, GC vs. CC model showed that VEGF +405C/G polymorphism was significantly associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer (p=0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present updated meta-analysis suggested that VEGF +405C/G polymorphism may serve as a biomarker for determining an individual's risk of esophageal, colorectal and pancreatic cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 6","pages":"1899-1913"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Nomogram for Predicting the Overall Survival of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Patients Based on Clinical Data and Systemic Inflammation Markers.","authors":"Sulasri Suddin, Mardiah Suci Hardianti, Fajar Adi-Kusumo, Gunardi Gunardi","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.2145","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.2145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent non-Hodgkin lymphoma and an aggressive blood malignancy. Despite the development of prognostic factors for DLBCL across clinical and molecular aspects, the accessibility and affordability can vary, specifically in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the systemic immune inflammation index (SII), a predictive factor for DLBCL and generated from basic blood data. The study also established an effective predictive nomogram by integrating clinicopathological factors to predict overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was carried out on the laboratory and clinicopathological data of DLBCL patients from January 2012 to December 2020 from the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Cox survival analyses, both univariate and multivariate, were used to find prognostic markers associated with OS. The dynamic nomogram was created using all independent prognostic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94 patients were included and based on the Akaike Information Criterion values from multivariate Cox analysis, absolute monocyte count (AMC), platelet count (PLT), platelet-to-lymphocytes ratio (PLR), and SII were independent prognostic factors of OS in DLBCL patients, and are included in the nomogram. The area under the curve in this group was 0.8, while the nomogram's C-index for predicting OS was 0.74.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that monocyte count, platelet count, PLR, and SII can predict OS in our study population of Indonesian DLBCL. Nomogram created from this findings is a new and potentially effective model for predicting OS.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 6","pages":"2145-2154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of PIK3CA Gene Modifications on Radiosensitivity in Colorectal Cancer Cells.","authors":"Ghazi Alsbeih, Khaled Al-Hadyan","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1875","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.1875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) plays a critical role in cell growth and survival. PIK3CA somatic mutations are linked to the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) syndrome. Cells from those patients appeared to be associated with a moderate but significant radiosensitivity. Mutations or amplifications in this gene are common in breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Alterations in the PIK3CA gene, including amplification and mutation, are common in cancer, but their influence on radiotherapy is not yet fully understood. This report reveals a potential association between PIK3CA gene modifications and radiosensitivity (p < 0.05) deducted from 8 established colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29, DLD-1, HCT-116, SW480, HCT-15, Colo-320, and LoVo). Meanwhile gene amplification (> 2) seems to be linked to increased radiation sensitivity, mutations appear to be associated with increased radioresistance in colorectal cancer cells. Leveraging this relationship, PIK3CA amplification and mutations could act as biomarker to pinpoint patients who might benefit from more personalized radiotherapy regimens. However, this association is preliminary and hypothesis-generating in view of the limited number of cases. Further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion. By uncovering the distinct mechanistic effects of these PIK3CA alterations on radiosensitivity phenotype in both normal and cancerous cells, researchers can lay the groundwork for tailored radiotherapy strategies in colorectal cancer. This insight could enhance treatment effectiveness while reducing side effects, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 6","pages":"1875-1879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influencing Factors of Family Function, Social Support and Impact on Quality of Life in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer.","authors":"Lu Xin, Jaruwan Viroj, Sumattana Glangkarn","doi":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.2137","DOIUrl":"10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.6.2137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reduced quality of life is a common problem faced by gastrointestinal cancer patients, but the problems of family dysfunction and social support that they also need to face are scarcely explored. Moreover, the influencing factors of family function, social support and impact on quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal cancer has yet to be explored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the influencing factors of family function, social support and impact on quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling. A total of 399 gastrointestinal cancer patients from one tertiary hospital were recruited to participate in this study. The quality of life questionnaire-core 30 (QLQ-30), family caring scale(APGAR) and social support rating scale(SSRS)were used to assess patients' quality of life, family function and social support. We performed descriptive analysis and logistic regression analysis to probe the influencing factors of family function, social support and impact on quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About half of the participants(46.12%) had a low social support score, age, income level and stage of cancer were the influencing factors for the occurrence of social support disorder(P<0.05). More than halfof the participants(51.38%) had family dysfunction, age, marital status and stage of cancer were the influencing factors for family dysfunction(P<0.05). Participants with insufficient social support and family dysfunction had lower quality of life scores(P<0.05). Family function and objective support were the factors affecting the quality of life of gastrointestinal cancer patients(P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Family function and social support can affect the quality of life of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The effects of family function and social support should be considered comprehensively to improve the quality of life of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":55451,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention","volume":"26 6","pages":"2137-2144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}