Attention Perception & Psychophysics最新文献_第8页

Statistically learned associations among objects bias attention 物体间的统计学习关联会使注意力产生偏差。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02941-3

Andrew Clement, Brian A. Anderson

{"title":"Statistically learned associations among objects bias attention","authors":"Andrew Clement, Brian A. Anderson","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02941-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02941-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A growing body of research suggests that semantic relationships among objects can influence the control of attention. There is also some evidence that learned associations among objects can bias attention. However, it is unclear whether these findings are due to statistical learning or existing semantic relationships. In the present study, we examined whether statistically learned associations among objects can bias attention in the absence of existing semantic relationships. Participants searched for one of four targets among pairs of novel shapes and identified whether the target was present or absent from the display. In an initial training phase, each target was paired with an associated distractor in a fixed spatial configuration. In a subsequent test phase, each target could be paired with the previously associated distractor or a different distractor. In our first experiment, the previously associated distractor was always presented in the same pair as the target. Participants were faster to respond when this distractor was present on target-present trials. In our second experiment, the previously associated distractor was presented in a different pair than the target in the test phase. In this case, participants were slower to respond when this distractor was present on both target-present and target-absent trials. Together, these findings provide clear evidence that statistically learned associations among objects can bias attention, analogous to the effects of semantic relationships on attention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"86 7","pages":"2251 - 2261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory, attention and creativity as cognitive processes in musical performance: A case study of students and professionals among non-musicians and musicians 音乐表演中的记忆、注意力和创造力认知过程：非音乐家和音乐家中学生和专业人士的案例研究。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02944-0

Jingtao Zhao

{"title":"Memory, attention and creativity as cognitive processes in musical performance: A case study of students and professionals among non-musicians and musicians","authors":"Jingtao Zhao","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02944-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02944-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research discusses that cognitive processes such as memory, attention and creativity differ in students and professionals, among musicians and non-musicians, dealing with musical performance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the role of memory, attention and creativity as cognitive processes in musical performance, focusing on the differences between non-musicians and musicians. The sample involved 400 individuals, students and professionals, specialising in music and economics. The research instruments used by the scholars were <i>the Wechsler Memory Scale, the Conners Performance Test,</i> and <i>the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking</i>. Musical students possessed better-developed auditory and short-term memory, while professional musicians had better auditory, visual working and short-term memory. Analysis of attention reveals that music students score better than non-musicians on all four aspects: inattention, impulsivity, sustained attention, and vigilance. For professionals, the key aspects are impulsivity and sustained attention with better results revealed in musicians. Creative thinking was the only factor where the differences were statistically significant in all five scales and the findings proved that creativity was better developed among musicians. This study provides an in-depth analysis and adds new knowledge to existing literature and empirical data on the cognitive processes associated with musical performance, focusing on memory, attention and creativity. By examining the differences between non-musicians and musicians, as well as students and professionals, the study provides insight into how musical performance can be used as a way to develop these cognitive processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"86 6","pages":"2042 - 2052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Working memory load does not interfere with distractor suppression in the additional singleton task 在额外的单人任务中，工作记忆负荷不会干扰分心物抑制。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02940-4

Francisco Vicente-Conesa, Ignacio Castillejo, Miguel A. Vadillo

{"title":"Working memory load does not interfere with distractor suppression in the additional singleton task","authors":"Francisco Vicente-Conesa, Ignacio Castillejo, Miguel A. Vadillo","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02940-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02940-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last decade, the additional singleton task has been widely used to study visual statistical learning. In this paradigm, participants are instructed to find a target while ignoring a series of distractors. In some trials, a salient singleton distractor is added to the search display, making the task more difficult. However, if the singleton appears more frequently in one particular location of the display, participants eventually learn to suppress attention towards this location. It has been suggested that this type of learning is probably implicit and independent of working memory (WM) resources. To our knowledge, only one study has explored the impact of WM in suppression effect (Gao & Theeuwes, <i>Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 27,</i> 96–104, 2020). However, there are reasons to suspect that the amount and type of WM load used in that study may have been suboptimal to detect any effects on distractor suppression. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of WM load on distractor suppression addressing these issues. Contrary to our expectations, our results confirm that this type of learning is indeed highly resilient even to strong manipulations of WM load.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"86 6","pages":"2003 - 2012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142010005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In simple but challenging search tasks, most errors are stochastic 在简单但具有挑战性的搜索任务中，大多数错误都是随机的。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02938-y

Jeremy M. Wolfe, Johan Hulleman, Ava Mitra, Wentao Si

{"title":"In simple but challenging search tasks, most errors are stochastic","authors":"Jeremy M. Wolfe, Johan Hulleman, Ava Mitra, Wentao Si","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02938-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02938-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In visual search tasks in the lab and in the real world, people routinely miss targets that are clearly visible: so-called look but fail to see (LBFTS) errors. If search displays are shown to the same observer twice, we can ask about the probability of joint errors, where the target is missed both times. If errors are “deterministic,” then the probability of a second error on the same display–given that the target was missed the first time–should be high. If errors are “stochastic,” the probability of joint errors should be the product of the error rate for first and second appearances. Here, we report on two versions of a <i>T</i> among <i>L</i>s search with somewhat degraded letters to make search more difficult. In Experiment 1, <i>T</i>s could either appear amidst crowded “clumps” of <i>L</i>s or more in isolation. Observers made more errors when the <i>T</i> was in a clump, but these errors were mainly stochastic. In Experiment 2, the task was made harder by making <i>T</i>s and <i>L</i>s more similar. Again, errors were predominantly stochastic. If other, socially important errors are also stochastic, this would suggest that “double reading,” where two observers (human or otherwise) look at each stimulus, could reduce overall error rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"86 7","pages":"2289 - 2300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retraction Note: Mask-related costs in measuring preview benefit: Evidence from a distributional analysis based on target word reading times 撤稿说明：衡量预览效益的面具相关成本：基于目标词阅读时间的分布分析证据。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02943-1

Nikki G. Fackler, Peter C. Gordon

引用次数: 0

Openness to experience predicts eye movement behavior during scene viewing 体验开放性可预测观看场景时的眼动行为。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02937-z

Nicholas J. Wyche, Mark Edwards, Stephanie C. Goodhew

{"title":"Openness to experience predicts eye movement behavior during scene viewing","authors":"Nicholas J. Wyche, Mark Edwards, Stephanie C. Goodhew","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02937-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02937-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals’ <i>abilities</i> to perform goal-directed spatial deployments of attention are distinguishable from their broader <i>preferences</i> for how they use spatial attention when circumstances do not compel a specific deployment strategy. Although these preferences are likely to play a major role in how we interact with the visual world during daily life, they remain relatively understudied. This exploratory study investigated two key questions about these preferences: firstly, are individuals consistent in their preferences for how they deploy their spatial attention when making shifts of attention versus adopting an attentional breadth? Secondly, which other factors are associated with these preferences? Across two experiments, we measured how participants preferred to deploy both <i>attentional breadth</i> (using an adapted Navon task) and <i>eye movements</i> (using a free-viewing task). We also measured participants’ working memory capacities (Experiment 1), and their personalities and world beliefs (Experiment 2). In both experiments, there were consistent individual differences in preference for attentional breadth and eye movement characteristics, but these two kinds of preference were unrelated to each other. Working memory capacity was not linked to these preferences. Conversely, the personality trait of Openness to Experience robustly predicted two aspects of eye movement behavior preference, such that higher levels of Openness predicted <i>smaller</i> saccades and <i>shorter</i> scan paths. This suggests that personality dimensions may predict preferences for more absorbed engagement with visual information. However, it appears that individuals’ preferences for shifts of attention during scene viewing do not necessarily relate to the breadth of attention they choose to adopt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"86 7","pages":"2386 - 2411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13414-024-02937-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mixing and mingling in visual working memory: Inter-item competition is feature-specific during encoding and feature-general during maintenance 视觉工作记忆中的混合与混杂：项目间的竞争在编码时是特定特征的，而在保持时则是一般特征的。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02933-3

Janna W. Wennberg, John T. Serences

{"title":"Mixing and mingling in visual working memory: Inter-item competition is feature-specific during encoding and feature-general during maintenance","authors":"Janna W. Wennberg, John T. Serences","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02933-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02933-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visual working memory (WM) is a central cognitive ability but is capacity-limited due to competition between remembered items. Understanding whether inter-item competition depends on the similarity of the features being remembered has important implications for determining if competition occurs in sensory or post-sensory stages of processing. Experiment 1 compared the precision of WM across homogeneous displays, where items belonged to the same feature type (e.g., colorful circles), and heterogeneous displays (e.g., colorful circles and oriented bars). Performance was better for heterogeneous displays, suggesting a feature-specific component of interference. However, Experiment 2 used a retro-cueing task to isolate encoding from online maintenance and revealed that inter-item competition during storage was not feature-specific. The data support recent models of WM in which inter-item interference – and hence capacity limits in WM – occurs in higher-order structures that receive convergent input from a diverse array of feature-specific representations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"86 6","pages":"1846 - 1860"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11410897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Absolute pitch in involuntary musical imagery 无意识音乐意象中的绝对音高。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02936-0

Matthew G. Evans, Pablo Gaeta, Nicolas Davidenko

引用次数: 0

Rhythmic variance influences the speed but not the accuracy of complex averaging decisions 节奏差异会影响复杂平均决策的速度，但不会影响其准确性。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02930-6

David Greatrex, Sarah Hawkins

{"title":"Rhythmic variance influences the speed but not the accuracy of complex averaging decisions","authors":"David Greatrex, Sarah Hawkins","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02930-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02930-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When a rhythm makes an event predictable, that event is perceived faster, and typically more accurately. However, the experiments showing this used simple tasks, and most manipulated temporal expectancy by using periodic or aperiodic precursors unrelated to stimulus and task. Three experiments tested the generality of these observations in a complex task in which rhythm was intrinsic to, rather than a precursor of, the information needed to respond: listeners averaged the laterality of a stream of noise bursts. We varied presentation rate, degree of periodicity, and average lateralisation. Decisions following a probe tone were fastest after periodic stimuli, and slowest after the most aperiodic stimuli. Without a probe tone, listeners responded sooner during periodic sequences, thus hearing less information. Periodicity did not benefit accuracy overall. This gain in speed but not accuracy for less information is not reported for simpler tasks. Neural entrainment supplemented by cognitive factors provide a tentative explanation. When the task is inherently complex and demands high attention over long durations, both expected-periodic and unexpected-aperiodic stimuli can increase response amplitude, enhancing stimulus representation, but periodicity increases confidence to respond early. Drift diffusion modelling supports this proposal: aperiodicity modulated the decision threshold, but not the drift rate or non-decision time. Together, these new data and the literature point towards task-dependent effects of temporal expectation on decision-making, showing interactions between rhythmic variance, task complexity, and sources of expectation about stimuli. We suggest the implications are worth exploring to extend understanding of rhythmicity on decision-making to everyday situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"86 6","pages":"2104 - 2123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Independent-channels models of temporal-order judgment revisited: A model comparison 时序判断的独立通道模型再探：模型比较

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02915-5

Paul Kelber, Rolf Ulrich

{"title":"Independent-channels models of temporal-order judgment revisited: A model comparison","authors":"Paul Kelber, Rolf Ulrich","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02915-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02915-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The perception of temporal order or simultaneity of stimuli is almost always explained in terms of independent-channels models, such as perceptual-moment, triggered-moment, and attention-switching models. Independent-channels models generally posit that stimuli are processed in separate peripheral channels and that their arrival-time difference at a central location is translated into an internal state of order (simultaneity) if it reaches (misses) a certain threshold. Non-monotonic and non-parallel psychometric functions in a ternary-response task provided critical evidence against a wide range of independent-channels models. However, two independent-channels models have been introduced in the last decades that can account for such shapes by considering misreports of internal states (response-error model) or by assuming that simultaneity and order judgments rely on distinct sensory and decisional processes (two-stage model). Based on previous ideas, we also consider a two-threshold model, according to which the same arrival-time difference may need to reach a higher threshold for order detection than for successiveness detection. All three models were fitted to various data sets collected over a period of more than a century. The two-threshold model provided the best balance between goodness of fit and parsimony. This preference for the two-threshold model over the two-stage model and the response-error model aligns well with several lines of evidence from cognitive modeling, psychophysics, mental chronometry, and psychophysiology. We conclude that the seemingly deviant shapes of psychometric functions can be explained within the framework of independent-channels models in a simpler way than previously assumed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":"86 6","pages":"2187 - 2209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11410913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0